Características hidráulicas y geomorfológicas de ríos de montaña (III)

En el segundo artículo, de una serie de tres destinados a una síntesis del estado del conocimiento hidráulico y geomorfológico acerca de ríos de montaña, se expusieron las principales características hidráulicas del flujo de baja concentración de sedimento. En este último artículo, se tratarán los rasgos geomorfólogicos que caracterizan a los ríos de montaña de material grueso de forma específica frente a los ríos de llanura de sedimento fino.

Toponimia documental del Valle Medio del Ésera, III: Toponimia del Ayuntamiento de Foradada del Toscar (Huesca)

En este artículo se analiza lingüísticamente la toponimia documental que pertenece a los núcleos de población del Ayuntamiento de Foradada del Toscar. Para ello partimos, principalmente, de la lectura de dos fuentes documentales inéditas: los Amillaramientos con rectificaciones hasta el año 1879 (Am.) conservados en el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Huesca (AHPH) y, sobre todo, los Protocolos Notariales de Pedro de Guart (Protocolos) conservados en el Archivo Capitular de Lérida (ACL). El análisis se realiza desde el punto de vista tradicional de la toponimia diacrónica. La mayoría de los topónimos estudiados proceden de una base lingüística latina; otros, en cambio, están relacionados con las lenguas prerromanas (barza, clot, coma, por ejemplo) y con el elemento lingüistico vasco (Gabessaco).

Loss of the RNA polymerase III repressor MAF1 confers obesity resistance.

MAF1 is a global repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription that regulates the expression of highly abundant noncoding RNAs in response to nutrient availability and cellular stress. Thus, MAF1 function is thought to be important for metabolic economy. Here we show that a whole-body knockout of Maf1 in mice confers resistance to diet-induced obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by reducing food intake and increasing metabolic inefficiency. Energy expenditure in Maf1(-/-) mice is increased by several mechanisms. Precursor tRNA synthesis was increased in multiple tissues without significant effects on mature tRNA levels, implying increased turnover in a futile tRNA cycle. Elevated futile cycling of hepatic lipids was also observed. Metabolite profiling of the liver and skeletal muscle revealed elevated levels of many amino acids and spermidine, which links the induction of autophagy in Maf1(-/-) mice with their extended life span. The increase in spermidine was accompanied by reduced levels of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, which promotes polyamine synthesis, enables nicotinamide salvage to regenerate NAD(+), and is associated with obesity resistance. Consistent with this, NAD(+) levels were increased in muscle. The importance of MAF1 for metabolic economy reveals the potential for MAF1 modulators to protect against obesity and its harmful consequences.

Notas floristicas, III

Isoetes Durieui Bory. La Selva : Santa Cristina d'Aro, hacia el Torrent de Plana Basarda, Isoelion (A. Bolos, O. Bolos, B r . - B L , F . Q., etc.) ; Sils, al S. de Sant Maurici, 100 m. alt., Isoelicm (leg. Batalla, O. Bolos et Lapraz).

De vegetatione notulae, III

Synusie and association. Application to the therophytic Mediterranean communities. The Agropyro-Lygeetum (=Eremopyro-Lygeetum) of the Ebro Basin is a two-layered community. The aerian organs of the chamaephytic and therophytic synusies appears mosaic-like distributed, but the roots of chamaephytes forms a continuous layer under the roots of spring therophytes. The structure of other Mediterranean therophytic associations is similar.

Mixomicetes nuevos o interesantes para la flora iberica y Balear. III

Señalamos la presencia de Calomyxa metallica, Clastoderma debaryanum y Dianema harveyi en diferentes localidades peninsulares. De dichas especies, no indicadas hasta el momento para la flora española, comentamos la corologia, ecologia y caracteres diferenciales.

The development of decision limits for the GH-2000 detection methodology using additional insulin-like growth factor-I and amino-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen assays.

The GH-2000 and GH-2004 projects have developed a method for detecting GH misuse based on measuring insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the amino-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen (P-III-NP). The objectives were to analyze more samples from elite athletes to improve the reliability of the decision limit estimates, to evaluate whether the existing decision limits needed revision, and to validate further non-radioisotopic assays for these markers. The study included 998 male and 931 female elite athletes. Blood samples were collected according to World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) guidelines at various sporting events including the 2011 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Athletics Championships in Daegu, South Korea. IGF-I was measured by the Immunotech A15729 IGF-I IRMA, the Immunodiagnostic Systems iSYS IGF-I assay and a recently developed mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. P-III-NP was measured by the Cisbio RIA-gnost P-III-P, Orion UniQ? PIIINP RIA and Siemens ADVIA Centaur P-III-NP assays. The GH-2000 score decision limits were developed using existing statistical techniques. Decision limits were determined using a specificity of 99.99% and an allowance for uncertainty because of the finite sample size. The revised Immunotech IGF-I - Orion P-III-NP assay combination decision limit did not change significantly following the addition of the new samples. The new decision limits are applied to currently available non-radioisotopic assays to measure IGF-I and P-III-NP in elite athletes, which should allow wider flexibility to implement the GH-2000 marker test for GH misuse while providing some resilience against manufacturer withdrawal or change of assays. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

2nd ESMO Consensus Conference in Lung Cancer: locally advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.

To complement the existing treatment guidelines for all tumour types, ESMO organises consensus conferences to focus on specific issues in each type of tumour. The 2nd ESMO Consensus Conference on Lung Cancer was held on 11-12 May 2013 in Lugano. A total of 35 experts met to address several questions on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in each of four areas: pathology and molecular biomarkers, first-line/second and further lines of treatment in advanced disease, early-stage disease and locally advanced disease. For each question, recommendations were made including reference to the grade of recommendation and level of evidence. This consensus paper focuses on locally advanced disease.

Lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and symphysis dimensions among Class I and III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns

Objective: To compare lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and mandible symphysis morphology among Class I and Class III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: Lower incisor extrusion and inclination, as well as buccal (LA) and lingual (LP) cortex depth, and mandibular symphysis height (LH) were measured in 107 lateral cephalometric x-rays of adult patients without prior orthodontic treatment. In addition, malocclusion type (Class I or III) and facial vertical skeletal pattern were considered. Through a principal component analysis (PCA) related variables were reduced. Simple regression equation and multivariate analyses of variance were also used. Results: Incisor mandibular plane angle (P < .001) and extrusion (P  =  .03) values showed significant differences between the sagittal malocclusion groups. Variations in the mandibular plane have a negative correlation with LA (Class I P  =  .03 and Class III P  =  .01) and a positive correlation with LH (Class I P  =  .01 and Class III P  =  .02) in both groups. Within the Class III group, there was a negative correlation between the mandibular plane and LP (P  =  .02). PCA showed that the tendency toward a long face causes the symphysis to elongate and narrow. In Class III, alveolar narrowing is also found in normal faces. Conclusions: Vertical facial pattern is a significant factor in mandibular symphysis alveolar morphology and lower incisor positioning, both for Class I and Class III patients. Short-faced Class III patients have a widened alveolar bone. However, for long-faced and normal-faced Class III, natural compensation elongates the symphysis and influences lower incisor position.