A concretização do princípio da igualdade em matéria tributária por meio de sentenças aditivas

This work aims to study the additive decisions, a type of juridical interpretation developed in foreign legal systems and which are known in Italy as adittive sentences. Thefore, this dissertation is based on theorical studies developed around the subject in Italy and Brazil. Considering the fact that the fundamental rights face a problem of implementation, being decreased its normative force when there are legislative partial omissions lacking constitutional justification creating privileges to certain individuals or social/economical groups over others, the method of additive interpretation according to the Constitution can be used in order to realize the principle of equality. In tax matters the subject is even more relevant in the way that it represents an important role in the economy. Partial legislative omissions can generate inequalities, favoring certain taxpayers in relation to others in similar legal situation. In these cases the privilege may have a negative impact on economic order restricting values related to the basis of market competition. On those occasions, Brazilian Judges and Courts must exercise their constitutional jurisdiction in order to expand the effects of the legislative omissions, based on the principle of equality by extending the standard to equal tax situations in order to maintain neutrality in taxation

Tear identitário:a prática docente em arte como conhecimento compartilhado

This investigative tissue is about the formation of identification processes of teachers and pedagogical practice of Art, in Teresina city. This search comprised the sum of the needs presented, agreed upon with the teachers engaged in the process, it was developed through the establishment of interactive environment Loom Team where collaboration and critical reflection were steering actions to promote the understanding of existing connections or relations within the processes of identifications and the pedagogical practice of Art. The tissue is formed by the polyphonic plot of the critical reflection of nine teachers of Art who engaged voluntarily and this investigation of formative nature and a production of knowledge. All these teachers have degree and the course of artistic education and especial qualification in Fine Arts and/or Drawing. The texture, which we denominated Identification Loom: The pedagogical practice of Art as share knowledge is (de) (re) construction of knowledge resulting from the critical reflection, in an environment of collaboration, which may have implications and ethical political attitudes in the pedagogical practice of the group. Within this context, we pose the following question: - How does the pedagogical practice in Art influence and/or be influenced by the identification processes of the teachers, and how do they interfere with the search and manifestation of the knowledge involved and the investment in professionalization? In view of this query, we make use of the cooperative investigation, having social history as theoretical reference and as analytic perspective of interactive and dialogical-reflexive processes. Thus, social historic theory, cooperative approach and pedagogical practice were the major components of the plot. The methodological texture counted on the threads of dialogical reflexion, of mediation and of collaboration. The conceptual formulation, the recording in videos of classes and the narratives of formations were the main threads of the analytic substrate of the investigation. With this articulation, theses threads appear as developers of processes leading to a major approximation of the thought on the identity/alterity dialectical pair of the participants involved. The language within this plot had a decisive importance in all the moments of the search of signification, embracing and connecting the identification/alterative processes, the pedagogical practice of Art and the knowledge shared. In such processes involving (de) (re) construction, one can notice a close correlation of the triad social identity, pedagogical practice and knowledge shared. For this reason, the vigotskian, guetmanovian and kopnian theoretizations were the major framework for the analysis of conceptual formulations; and, as for discourse analysis, Baktin and Orlandi were our masters. For these teachers, the experience shared throughout the process of this typology of tri-axial investigation focused the experience of many theoretical and practical assumptions. Such an experience enabled them to state that this, with collaboration, can make reflection on the practice a starting and promoting element, within the individual level of self-management, in addition to being a space of (de)(re)construction of meanings, of knowledge and of reinvention per se

O lugar pedagógico da educação física na educação infantil: saberes (re)construídos na formação continuada do PAIDÉIA/UFRN

The present study aimed to investigate the overview of teachers in continuing education program who work in kindergarten, about the continuing education developed by the Paideia/UFRN through the Course of Specialization in Art Teaching and Physical Education in Childhood, having as key focus, the knowing / doing related to physical education in Childhood. From this general goal, it was elected some specific objectives as: to know the interests and expectations that motivated the teachers to participate of that referred training; the evaluation by teachers on regard of the continuing education proposed: boosters factors for possible changes in teaching activities regarding the practice of teaching physical education in kindergarten. The methodology took the principles and techniques of qualitative research strategy and the characteristics of descriptive and interpretive strategy. The locus of this research was the Course of Specialization in Art Education and Physical Education in childhood, having as the citizens of this research twenty three teachers taking that specialization course. For building and systematization of the data, we used the following tools and procedures: a questionnaire, a semi structured interview and documents analysis. The data was constructed based on the technique of content analysis, focusing the reflections and speech of the teachers about the creation of new meanings and senses for the knowing / doing in Physical Education. It was found, among other results, the need and quest for improvement of teacher education, in order to improve educational practice. It was also evident that the situations of dialogues (interactions with peers, with their professors and other professionals in the related area or not) were mentioned by most teachers in the course as a relevant moment of redefinition of knowledge. In relation to Physical Education, it was found that participation in the course of specialization provided the recognition of teaching practice of physical education as part of the curriculum and the importance of inclusion of its specificities in their educational planning. From these elaborations, we come to the conclusion that knowing the perspectives of the teachers about continuing education can contribute to the theoretical and methodological discussions in teachers education and the creation of new actions - projects and programs of continuing education constructing increasingly ways towards a successful teacher formation, able to provide new forms of acting in the educational context

Política de formação docente na América Latina :Argentina, Brasil e Chile

This work aims at studying the policies of teaching training and their impact in the actors and in the education systems of the countries in which these policies were implemented into the context of neoliberal reforms. We particularly studied these policies in three Latin America countries: Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The policies studied here are the ones implemented from the 90 s. However, the horizon of this study is at the beginning of the 80 s, period that starts one of the four intervention initiatives of education here studied: The Main Project of Education For Latin America and Caribbean (PROMEDLAC), which in 2002 goes into a new stage and it is called Regional Project of Education for Latin America and Caribbean (PRELAC), worked out by UNESCO as a request of government representatives of countries of the region, based on the suggestions of Declaration of Mexico , signed by them in 1979. These suggestions will be in the base of the other three initiatives: The Education For All (EPT); Ibero-American Conferences of Education (CIE) and The Hemisphere Action Plan of Education (PAHE), whose documents are the base to the production of an abundant legislation and normatization on education that created the parameters on which the policies of education reforms were worked out and implemented and the dynamism of our education systems from the last two decades of the twentieth century on. All these initiatives intend to work with objectives, projects and programs that, in some cases, in isolation or in groups, are under influence of their actions in a way that frequently it is difficult to identify which of them is the main responsible for some advances. It is important to stand out that not all of the suggestions produced by these initiatives were implemented as policies, and many of them to be implemented were changed in such a way that they were distorted, even they were a result of a multilateral deal, each country gave to them its own interpretation. Moreover, in all these processes the teaching entities had and keep having a fundamental role. The evidences, result of the evaluations of each initiative, show that education policies implemented produced advances in several aspects. They are still not the ideal ones, in truth, but they do exist. In relation to the teaching questions, there were and are still being implemented multiples and varied actions that did not have the expected impact in the education systems of the countries, objects of this study, but, many of them that go on, are promising and start to have a positive impact into the education systems. Even so, the teaching subject matter, even playing a central role in the agenda of all countries of the region, still represents one of the big challenges to the advance and improvement of our education systems

Fabricação de eco-composito com a fibra de lã canina

The Sustainability has been evidence in the world today; organizations have sought to be more and more into this philosophy in their processes, whether products or attendance. In the present work were manufactured eco-composites with animal fiber (dog wool) that is currently discarded into the environment without any use. The fibers were characterized and made matting (non-woven). The phases of the project were consisted to develop methods and to convert these fibers (booster) blended with polyester resin (matrix) in different proportions (10%, 20% and 30%) at the composite. Were studied fiber characteristics, mechanical properties of the composites, water absorption and scanning electron microscopy. Initially, the fibers were treated with solution of sodium hydroxide of 0.05 mols, and then taken to matting preparing at the textile engineering laboratory - UFRN. The composites were made by compression molding, using an orthophthalic polyester resin as matrix and 1% MEK (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) as initiator (catalyst). To evaluate the mechanical tests (tensile and flexural) and water absorption were made twelve specimens with dimensions 150x25x3 mm were cut randomly. According to the standard method, tensile tests (ASTM 3039) bending tests (ASTM D790) were performed at the mechanical testing of metals at laboratory UFRN. The results of these tests showed that the composite reinforced with 30% had a better behavior when exposed to tension charge; while on the three points bending test showed that the composite reinforced with 10% had a better behavior. In the water absorption test it was possible to see that the highest absorption happened on the composite reinforced with 30%. In the micrographs, it was possible to see the regions of rupture and behavior of the composite (booster / matrix)

A ruptura do pacto social no pensamento de Sade

As obras de Sade procuram retratar as práticas corruptas e libertinas presentes no regime despótico de Luís XV, apontando invariavelmente a alcova como lugar privilegiado de transformação do corpo e da mente e, ao mesmo tempo, de produção filosófica. A atualidade do pensamento de Sade revela-se no fato de colocar como tendencia da modernidade, a constituição narcísica da subjetividade que, em sua variante político-social, aparece sob a forma do conformismo político. Este artigo pretende apresentar o pensamento de Sade como urna crítica aos liames sociais, o que conduz à ruptura da idéia de pacto social formulada por Rousseau. A doutrina sem compaixão de Sade torna-se filosofia negativa na medida em que fornece os fundamentos da crítica à razão instrumental. Sendo pessimista quanto aos rumos do existente, a teoria sadiana aponta a animalidade humana como possibilidade de transcendencia da artificialidade dos laços sociais.

Física para geografia: desafios de uma proposta pedagógica interdisciplinar

This study has as its aim the elaboration, presentation and application of a proposal which makes possible an inter-disciplinary relationship between knowledge of physics and geography in the graduation course for forming geography teachers in the Dom Aureliano Matos Faculty of Philosophy in the city of Limoeiro do Norte in the State of Ceára. Initially, we observe in pertinent literature and opinions of specialists what capacities and abilities are suggested for a future teacher of geography. Following that, we select subject matter which broaches upon physic concepts and may be contextualized within topics present in the daily fare of a geography teacher, such as natural phenomena related principally to natural environment and climate, envolving astronomic features, using didactic materials and resources in easily understood language and without the excessive presence of mathematical formulas. An evaluation of the experience allows us to affirm that inter-disciplinary treatment, as an important alternative for curriculam organization, when applied in the classroom shows that there is better learning, a reduction in class evasion and a significant fall in failures when compared with traditional proposals for the teaching of physics in relation to geography. On the other hand, it is notable that to maintain and augment such measures it is a challenge to be met, with the purpose that students of other courses may perceive that physic concepts have much to do with their reality, and that understanding them is relevant for their professional and personal formation

Filosofar em tempos de informação

This thesis reflects upon the question of how does philosophy think a particular today, which is not only a legitimate philosophical task but a determinative characteristic of philosophy in general. Today's thought follows two paths: first, an hermeneutical-phenomenological analysis of Martin Heidegger's thought with regards to his own contemporaneity; and secondly, through the analysis of the contemporary phenomenon of Information Technology which in the present work is to be considered a privileged sign of our times and distinctive of the mindfulness of philosophy. Therefore, the starting point is an investigation of Heidegger's thinking on his own era to whom facticity is a way of accessing the fundamental question of philosophy. This thesis is led by three guiding words which hold onto a perspective of unity in Heidegger s lifetime of work: 1. Technicity, 2. History, 3. Language, to thereby develop a characterization of human existence as 1. Technopolitical, 2. Technoscientific, and 3. Technological. Finally, in keeping with this triangular characterization of the human, a philosophical comprehension of our times will be established and drawn by Information Technology illustrating three of its' factual signs that are understood to be the 'Remains of Being' today: The Emptying of Speech (Language); The Emptying of Science (History); The Emptying of The Object (Technicity). Through these nowadays phenomenon, it is possible to maintain a grip on the fundamental question, precisely when the task of philosophy seems to have peremptorily lost its meaning and come to its logical end and to show how philosophizing in the information era is as possible as it is necessary.

Conveniência e plausibilidade da proposição de que justiça é harmonia n A República de Platão

This thesis endorses the interpretation that in Plato`s Republic the argument made by Thrasymachus in which justice is the convenience of the most powerful one is implicitly accepted by Socrates. Although Thrasymachus´ discussion does not show any similarity with the argument of Socrates, it proposes a sarcastic and ironic comment on political life. Socrates accepts this comment to develop a more refined notion of the category of the most powerful ones. While Thrasymachus assumes that the convenience of the most powerful ones includes the power to subordinate all and everything to their individual pleasures, Socrates admits that the most powerful ones are defined only by their characteristic of being able to hold power in perpetuity. In this context, the main theme of The Republic is that the harmony between the functional classes of the city is convenient for perpetual power. For preservation of harmony, the functional class of the most powerful considers the convenience of forsaking a possible monopoly on pleasure towards a redistribution that promotes harmony, which also makes it convenient for the other classes. Thus, we can explicitly say that the most powerful ones believe in a sense of justice as convenience for everyone, but implicitly believe only in the argument that justice is what is convenient for themselves. Since convenience is what promotes harmony between functional classes, it becomes convenient to Socrates to believe that the understanding justice that the most powerful ones have is not publicly disclosed. The notion that all the speculation of the dialogue between the characters cannot be true, but, at best, only plausible and convenient is also part of the central argument in The Republic. Socrates needs to modify the nature of the functional classes through a targeted program of sexual reproduction and a program of ideological indoctrination so that the proposal to promote harmony through the elements of the city, declaring that justice is in favor of the weakest becomes a more plausible and convenient speech. To make the new system more plausible, Socrates develops a metaphysics based on the mathematical notion of harmony, such metaphysics serving the official rhetoric of the political regime presented by Socrates

O Mitsein e as perspectivas decisórias da autenticidade segundo a analítica existencial: ponderações ontológicas para além dos limites éticos e políticos do ser-com

The present work focuses in the question of being-wit-others (Mitsein) on Martin Heidegger s philosophy. To do so, it takes base on his pivotal scripts, such as Being and Time and Na Introduction to Philosophy, in which this theme is scrutinized. The development line adopted in this work consists in advancing the existential connection between the being-with-others question attained to Dasein s ontological relation in its terms of authenticity and inauthenticity. So on, it is necessary to comment é others philosophical elements that surround this alterity relationship, analyzing phenomenologically how being-in-the-world inflicts the Dasein in its deepest and more important choice aspects, which can direct Dasein to its authenticity or inauthenticity. Facing this decisory context, also shall be observed the way Dasein finds to share the truth in accordance with its interaction with others, and how this mode of being summarizes all ontological structure of man s comprehension. The truth works as an integrative element from which the Dasein cannot escape, being-with-others is an existential situation that Dasein is not able to stop itself from living (its life-in-progress). This work also contemplates the apparent contradiction of Dasein s been always unfolded in The They mode of being, in its everydayness and being like that interacting with others. As along as this question is developed, the work explains how it is possible to be authentic and resolute (as much as inauthentic) as the Dasein interscts with others, even though, there is no pre-defined rule for these ways of relationship between the Dasein and the others

A imanência como lugar do ensino de filosofia

A intenção do presente artigo é pensar a problemática do ensino de filosofia a partir da obra de Deleuze e Guattari. Esses autores criaram uma série de conceitos, em seu fazer filosófico, para entender o que seria fazer filosofia, ou seja, para entender a atividade filosófica que se distanciasse de uma reflexão sobre alguma coisa e se fundasse em um ato de criação filosófica. Segundo os autores, existem quatro conceitos que corroboram para entender esse fazer filosófico, quais sejam: conceito, plano de imanência, personagem conceitual e problema. Tem-se como hipótese que tais conceitos podem contribuir para se pensar o ensino de filosofia na contemporaneidade de modo diferenciado do qual vem sendo tratado. Foi dada especial atenção a um desses conceitos: plano de imanência, engendrado na última obra conjunta desses autores, O que é a filosofia? (1997). Buscou-se, na obra desses autores, a caracterização de imanência e, consecutivamente, de plano de imanência para entender como se pode pensar o ensino de filosofia de forma diferenciada e de modo tal a distanciá-lo de uma adequação conceitual a um transcendente ou a um transcendental, a qual, no entender dos autores trabalhados, levaria o conceito de ensino a um dogmatismo conceitual. A proposta deste artigo é buscar uma saída para o problema, pensando o ensino de filosofia a partir da imanência mesma na qual este se produz.

Ensino de filosofia para não-filósofos. Filosofia de ofício ou ofício de professor: os limites do filosofar

O presente artigo é o resultado de um pensamento filosófico acerca do ensino de filosofia. O principal objetivo de nossa pesquisa foi entender o que faz o filósofo quando seu ofício é ser professor de filosofia. Para tal, utilizamos como referencial teórico-metodológico o pensamento de Foucault para pensar o filósofo-professor de filosofia em seu lócus - ensino de filosofia - enquanto uma ontologia do presente, e o pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari para indicar uma possível maneira de entender esse ofício de professor que acreditamos se dar em um fazer artístico, filosófico e científico.

Análise fitoecológica do manguezal e ocupação das margens do estuário hipersalino apodi/mossoró (rn brasil) a biotecnologia vegetal como alternativa para a cotonicultura

The mangrove is a coastal ecosystem of the big ecological importance, showing high fragility front by natural process and the human interventions in the coastal zone. This research has objective to analyses the relation between mangrove species distribution and geochemical parameters variation of the water and soil in Apodi/Mossoro estuary, located in the Rio Grande do Norte state north coastline. The results were obtained from floristic and structural analysis of the vegetation and Quick Bird satellite images interpretation (collected in 2006 year), manipulated with ENVI 4.3 and ArcGIS 9.2 software s. This estuary was characterized by to presents a gradient of the salinity around 40 kilometers extension, finding amount between 50 and 90 g/l-1. Will be identified the formation of the mix vegetation formation in the estuary mount, where the water salinity no show express wide variation on seawater (36 g/l-1), finding species: Rhizophora mangle L., Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn, Avicennia schaueriana Stap. & Leechman e Avicennia germinans L. Along of the estuary, have a streak formation of the vegetation composed by Avicennia spp. and L. racemosa. In high estuary, where the salinities value stay above 60 g/l-1, only A. germinans predominate in dwarf form. In this sense, the salinity is as a limiting factor of stress on the mangrove vegetation as it enters the estuary, this parameter should be taken into account when drawing up management plans and environmental restoration in the estuary in question

Braquiópodes (Rhynchonelliformea, Bouchardioidea) neógenos da bacia de Pelotas (RS) e seu significado paleoambiental

The occurrence of brachiopods in Cenozoic rocks of the Pelotas Basin is known since 1862. In spite of that, detailed systematic and taphonomic studies are still missing. Investigations made a half century ago, have suggested that these brachiopods could belong to Bouchardia cf. zitteli, a species found in the San Julian Formation, Late Oligocene, Argentina. Our data suggest that those brachiopods may resemble Bouchardia transplatina. In the Uruguayan portion of the Pelotas Basin B. transplatina is known in rocks of the Camacho Formation, Miocene. In addition, small recrystallized shells of brachiopods were also recovered from three Petrobras boreholes (2PJ-1-RS, 2PN-1-RS, and 2GA-1-RS) from the Pelotas Basin. Brachiopods come from the interval of 130 to 150 meters within the Miocene Henryhowella evax Zone. Despite the degree of taphonomic modiication of those brachiopod shells they indubitably belong to Bouchardia sp. This is noteworthy for various reasons: 1- Bouchardia is a brachiopod with warm water afinities. Presently, extant members of this genus are unknown in latitudes up to 34[degree]S, with the main records at 23[degree]S. 2- Although occurring in depths down to 200 meters, the living member (Bouchardia rosea) of this genus is most abundant in shallow platformal, nutrient-rich waters. 3- The occurrence of Bouchardia in the Miocene of the Pelotas Basin indicates that, at least to the interval of Henryhowella evax Zone, warm waters of the Brazilian currents prevail. This interpretation is in strong accordance with other paleoeoceanographic and paleoclimatic data offered by various groups of co-occurring microfossils, such as ostracodes and foraminifers.

Back extensor muscle fatigue at submaximal workloads assessed using frequency banding of the electromyographic signal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)