Contribution to integration and coordination mechanisms for mobile distributed services in publish/subscribe networks

Esta tesis doctoral est�� enmarcada en dos diferentes pero complementarias ��reas de investigaci��n: las redes de Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n y los servicios m��viles distribuidos. Con el paso de los a��os las redes de Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n han ido ofreciendo el soporte de comunicaciones desacopladas y ligeras que a su vez, han mejorado la distribuci��n de la informaci��n en muchos escenarios de aplicaci��n como lo son la ejecuci��n de servicios distribuidos en entornos fijos. Los servicios m��viles distribuidos han de ser desplegados en ambientes inal��mbricos en donde los dispositivos m��viles deben confiar en las mismas caracter��sticas que las redes de Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n han estado ofreciendo a sus contrapartes fijos. En este contexto, una de las l��neas de investigaci��n pendientes consiste en c��mo tomar ventaja de estas caracter��sticas, y c��mo avanzar hacia nuevas soluciones no existentes con el fin de mejorar la integraci��n entre los dispositivos fijos y m��viles, y la ejecuci��n de los servicios m��viles distribuidos. En esta tesis doctoral se pretende avanzar en los mecanismos de integraci��n y coordinaci��n de los servicios m��viles distribuidos en el contexto de las redes de Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n. Los objetivos espec��ficos de esta disertaci��n est��n enfocados en lograr la integraci��n de los sistemas de Publicaci��n/Suscripci��n fijos y m��viles, y la pro-visi��n de una versi��n de red de Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n espec��fica y uniforme que cuente con mecanismos de coordinaci��n que mejoren la ejecuci��n de los servicios m��viles distribuidos. Los resultados de esta tesis doctoral est��n enmarcados en una versi��n espec��fica de una red de Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n que integra brokers fijos y m��viles, y permite una coordinaci��n totalmente desacoplada y mejorada entre dispositivos m��viles que ejecutan fragmentos de servicios. Las contribuciones espec��ficas son las siguientes: una nueva arquitectura de broker m��vil que he llamado Rendezvous Mobile broker, un modelo abstracto de servicios m��viles distribuidos coordinados sobre una red de Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n, mejoras en los mecanismos de enrutamiento epid��micos para diseminar eventos de control producidos por fragmentos de servicios, una soluci��n para soportar servicios altamente fragmentados y geogr��ficamente dispersos, y finalmente una soluci��n de interconexi��n entre dos dominios de red basados en Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n: una red basada en el protocolo PubSubHubbub y otro en una red basada en el Publish/Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP). Los experimentos llevados a cabo confirman que la versi��n espec��fica de red de Pu-blicaci��n/Subscripci��n propuesta incrementa el rendimiento de la red en t��rminos de tiempo de espera entre nodos finales, permite una coordinaci��n de los servicios m��viles distribuidos m��s resistente a interrupciones y un mejor uso de los recursos de red, y finalmente logra exitosamente, con variaciones m��nimas en el rendimiento de las comunicaciones, la interconexi��n entre estos dominios de Publicaci��n/Subscripci��n diferentes. ABSTRACT This dissertation is made up of two different but complementary research areas: Publish/Subscribe networks and mobile distributed services. Over the years, Publish/Subscribe networks have been offering the lightweight and decoupled communication characteristics to improve the information distribution in several application domains such as the execution of distributed services. Mobile distributed services are set to be deployed in wireless environments where mobile devices must rely on the same features Publish/Subscribe networks can offer; so one of the pending research directions consists of how to take advantage of these features and further advance to-wards new un-existing solutions that enhance the integration between mobile and fixed systems and the execution of mobile distributed services. This dissertation seeks to advance the integration and coordination mechanisms of mobile distributed services in the context of Publish/Subscribe networks. The specific objectives aim to enable the integration of mobile and fixed Publish/Subscribe systems and provide a uniform and specific version of a Publish/Subscribe network with new coordination mechanisms that improve the execution of mobile distributed services. The results of this dissertation are enclosed in one specific version of a Publish/Subscribe network that integrates mobile and fixed brokers and coordinates the execution of mobile distributed services. These specific contributions are: a new architecture of a mobile broker I called Rendezvous Mobile Broker, an abstract model for coordinating mobile distributed services executions using a Publish/Subscribe net-work, new gossip routing solutions to disseminate events of services, mechanisms to support highly partitioned and geographically dispersed services and finally, an inter-networking solution between two Publish/Subscribe domains: a PubSubHubbub-based network and the Publish/Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP)-based network. The experimental efforts confirm that the specific version of the Publish/Subscribe proposed in this dissertation improves the performance of the overall network in terms of end-to-end delay, enables a more resilience execution of mobile distributed services, a better usage of the existing network resources, and finally successfully achieves, with minor variations in the network performance, the internetworking between two different Publish/Subscribe domains.

Enhancing K-12 science education through a multi-device web tool to facilitate content integration and e-infrastructure access

An effective K-12 science education is essential to succeed in future phases of the curriculum and the e-Infrastructures for education provide new opportunities to enhance it. This paper presents ViSH Viewer, an innovative web tool to consume educational content which aims to facilitate e-Science infrastructures access through a next generation learning object called "Virtual Excursion". Virtual Excursions provide a new way to explore science in class by taking advantage of e-Infrastructure resources and their integration with other educational contents, resulting in the creation of a reusable, interoperable and granular learning object. In order to better understand how this tool can allow teachers and students a joyful exploration of e-Science, we also present three Virtual Excursion examples. Details about the design, development and the tool itself are explained in this paper as well as the concept, structure and metadata of the new learning object.

The potential of organic fertilizers and water management to reduce N2O emissions in Mediterranean climate cropping systems. A review.

Environmental problems related to the use of synthetic fertilizers and to organic waste management have led to increased interest in the use of organic materials as an alternative source of nutrients for crops, but this is also associated with N2O emissions. There has been an increasing amount of research into the effects of using different types of fertilization on N2O emissions under Mediterranean climatic conditions, but the findings have sometimes been rather contradictory. Available information also suggests that water management could exert a high influence on N2O emissions. In this context, we have reviewed the current scientific knowledge, including an analysis of the effect of fertilizer type and water management on direct N2O emissions. A meta-analysis of compliant reviewed experiments revealed significantly lower N2O emissions for organic as opposed to synthetic fertilizers (23% reduction). When organic materials were segregated in solid and liquid, only solid organic fertilizer emissions were significantly lower than those of synthetic fertilizers (28% reduction in cumulative emissions). The EF is similar to the IPCC factor in conventionally irrigated systems (0.98% N2O-N N applied���1), but one order of magnitude lower in rainfed systems (0.08%). Drip irrigation produces intermediate emission levels (0.66%). Differences are driven by Mediterranean agro-climatic characteristics, which include low soil organic matter (SOM) content and a distinctive rainfall and temperature pattern. Interactions between environmental and management factors and the microbial processes involved in N2O emissions are discussed in detail. Indirect emissions have not been fully accounted for, but when organic fertilizers are applied at similar N rates to synthetic fertilizers, they generally make smaller contributions to the leached NO3��� pool. The most promising practices for reducing N2O through organic fertilization include: (i) minimizing water applications; (ii) minimizing bare soil; (iii) improving waste management; and (iv) tightening N cycling through N immobilization. The mitigation potential may be limited by: (i) residual effect; (ii) the long-term effects of fertilizers on SOM; (iii) lower yield-scaled performance; and (iv) total N availability from organic sources. Knowledge gaps identified in the review included: (i) insufficient sampling periods; (ii) high background emissions; (iii) the need to provide N2O EF and yield-scaled EF; (iv) the need for more research on specific cropping systems; and (v) the need for full GHG balances. In conclusion, the available information suggests a potential of organic fertilizers and water-saving practices to mitigate N2O emissions under Mediterranean climatic conditions, although further research is needed before it can be regarded as fully proven, understood and developed.

Exploring the link between sustainability reporting and sustainability management: a conceptual framework.

Sustainability managementand Sustainability Reporting (SR) practices have dramatically increased during the last two decades, raising important questions about the relationship between internal practices and external communication. Previous literature on SR has almost exclusively highlighted the role of institutional and stakeholder pressures in driving its adoption. However, as surveys among reporters also identify internal benefits of SR, its full role for company-level sustainability management remains unclear. In order to address this question, we develop a framework accounting for four SR configurations, stemming from different levels of relative importance of external and internal motives for SR. A multiple case study involving four large Spanish companies serves to illustrate the framework and to identify company-level factors that act both as enablers and barriers of SR internal relevance. We conclude that motivations for SR, along with such internal factors, decisively influence its contribution to sustainability management.

El programa ERHIN y la gesti��n de embalses en ��reas con alta precipitaci��n nival = The ERHIN programme and reservoir management in areas of high nival precipitation

El programa de Evaluaci��n Recursos H��dricos procedentes de la Innivaci��n (ERHIN) ha desarrollado un modelo hidrol��gico con subrutinas que contemplan el proceso de acumulaci��n/fusi��n de nieve que permite el seguimiento del manto de nieve y su fusi��n , esencial para la previsi��n de avenidas en embalses cuyas cuencas vertientes recogen altos porcentajes de precipitaci��n solida. En determinados sectores del territorio espa��ol (Pirineos, Cordilleras Cant��brica e Ib��rica, Sistema Central y Sierra Nevada) la precipitaci��n nival alcanza valores significativos durante el invierno, que conducen a espesores de nieve persistentes en las cuencas alimentadoras de numerosos embalses y a la fusi��n r��pida de esta nieve en per��odos cortos de tiempo, directamente relacionados con la elevaci��n de la isoterma de cero grados en primavera. Estos procesos condicionan la gesti��n de los mencionados embalses.

People and Facility Management. The team: The main asset of any management

From the moment we enter a large office building until we leave it, we receive a lot of attentions served by the management of services to the user. However, it is usually quite inappreciable the work that is being developed to keep things running smoothly. The services provided in a building are carried out by people. However, we often tend to forget these people when we talk about the tasks that make that a building operates properly 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. But, for example, what would happen if one day the service provided by the reception in a large building did not function as it should? What would it be like if one day the person performing the service of maintenance of the building's cleaning were not at his post? How would the working day develop if there were not a correct air handling system? People are the foundation of the proper functioning of a building. The work of the Facilities Manager and the Facility Management is the management of their functions: the responsible management of the team.

Structuring research methods and data with the research object model: genomics workflows as a case study

Background: One of the main challenges for biomedical research lies in the computer-assisted integrative study of large and increasingly complex combinations of data in order to understand molecular mechanisms. The preservation of the materials and methods of such computational experiments with clear annotations is essential for understanding an experiment, and this is increasingly recognized in the bioinformatics community. Our assumption is that offering means of digital, structured aggregation and annotation of the objects of an experiment will provide necessary meta-data for a scientist to understand and recreate the results of an experiment. To support this we explored a model for the semantic description of a workflow-centric Research Object (RO), where an RO is defined as a resource that aggregates other resources, e.g., datasets, software, spreadsheets, text, etc. We applied this model to a case study where we analysed human metabolite variation by workflows. Results: We present the application of the workflow-centric RO model for our bioinformatics case study. Three workflows were produced following recently defined Best Practices for workflow design. By modelling the experiment as an RO, we were able to automatically query the experiment and answer questions such as ���which particular data was input to a particular workflow to test a particular hypothesis?���, and ���which particular conclusions were drawn from a particular workflow?���. Conclusions: Applying a workflow-centric RO model to aggregate and annotate the resources used in a bioinformatics experiment, allowed us to retrieve the conclusions of the experiment in the context of the driving hypothesis, the executed workflows and their input data. The RO model is an extendable reference model that can be used by other systems as well.

The Imaging and Slitless Spectroscopy Instrument for Surveys (ISSIS): expected radiometric performance, operation modes and data handling

ISSIS is the instrument for imaging and slitless spectroscopy on-board WSO-UV. In this article, a detailed comparison between ISSIS expected radiometric performance and other ultraviolet instruments is shown. In addition, we present preliminary information on the performance verification tests and on the foreseen procedures for in-flight operation and data handling.

Reproductive and nutritional management on ovarian response and embryo quality on rabbit does

Rabbit does in modern rabbitries are under intensive reproductive rhythms. Females are high milk producers with high energetic expenses due to the extensive overlap between lactation and gestation. This situation leads to a negative energy balance with a mobilization of body fat especially in primiparous rabbit does. Poor body condition and poor health status severely affect the reproductive features (fertility rate and lifespan of the doe as well as ovarian physiology). This paper reviews some reproductive and nutritional approaches used in the last years to improve the reproductive performance of rabbit females, mainly focusing on the influence on ovarian response and embryo quality and with emphasis on epigenetic modifications in pre-implantation embryos and offspring consequences.

Internet of things virtualization and identity management via fiware generic enablers

La iniciativa FIWARE ofrece un conjunto de APIs potentes que proporcionan la base para una innovaci��n r��pida y eficiente en el Internet del Futuro. Estas APIs son clave en el desarrollo de aplicaciones que usan tecnolog��as muy recientes e innovadoras, como el Internet de las cosas o la Gesti��n de Identidad en m��dulos de seguridad. Este documento presenta el desarrollo de una aplicaci��n web de FIWARE usando componentes virtualizados en m��quinas virtuales. La aplicaci��n web est�� basada en ���la f��brica de chocolate de Willy Wonka��� como una implementaci��n metaf��rica de una aplicaci��n de seguridad e IoT en un entorno industrial. El componente principal es un servidor web en node.js que conecta con varios componentes de FIWARE, conocidos como ���Generic Enablers���. La implementaci��n est�� compuesta por dos m��dulos principales: el m��dulo de IoT y el m��dulo de seguridad. El m��dulo de IoT gestiona los sensores instalados por Willy Wonka en las salas de f��brica para monitorizar varios par��metros como, por ejemplo, la temperatura, la presi��n o la ocupaci��n. El m��dulo de IoT crea y recibe informaci��n de contexto de los sensores virtuales. Esta informaci��n de contexto es gestionada y almacenada en un componente de FIWARE conocido como Context Broker. El Context Broker est�� basado en mecanismos de subscripciones que postean los datos de los sensores en la aplicaci��n, en tiempo real y cuando estos cambian. La conexi��n con el cliente se produce mediante Web Sockets (socket.io). El m��dulo de seguridad gestiona las cuentas y la informaci��n de los usuarios, les autentica en la aplicaci��n usando una cuenta de FIWARE y comprueba la autorizaci��n para acceder a distintos recursos. Distintos roles son creados con distintos permisos asignados. Por ejemplo, Willy Wonka puede tener acceso a todos los recursos, mientras que un Oompa Loopa encargado de la sala del chocolate solo deber��as de tener acceso a los recursos de su sala. Este m��dulo est�� compuesto por tres componentes: el Gestor de Identidades, el PEP Proxy y el PDP AuthZForce. El gestor de identidades almacena las cuentas de FIWARE de los usuarios y permite la autenticaci��n Single Sing On usando el protocolo OAuth2. Tras logearse, los usuarios autenticados reciben un token de autenticaci��n que es usado despu��s por el AuthZForce para comprobar el rol y permiso asociado del usuario. El PEP Proxy act��a como un servidor proxy que redirige las peticiones permitidas y bloquea las no autorizadas.

Revisi��n de:Sport facing cultural diversity. Integration and intercultural dialogue in Europe: analysis and practical example, de Wiliam Gasparini y Aur��lie Cometti

Con motivo de la celebracio?n en 2008 del An?o Europeo del Dia?logo Intercultural, el Con- sejo de Europa promovio? una serie de encuentros y foros de debate en torno al papel de Europa en la gestio?n de la inmigracio?n, desde sus mu?ltiples dimensiones. Entre ellas, se encuentra el a?mbito deportivo, por su papel socializador como elemento cultural de dia?logo e identidad, aun- que tambie?n como espacio de confrontacio?n y discriminacio?n, que concierne tanto a participantes como espectadores, desde una perspectiva global y local. Con el objetivo de contrastar experien- cias y reflexiones a este respecto, tuvo lugar la primera conferencia europea con el nombre ?De- porte y Diversidad?, celebrada en Estrasburgo y organizada por la Agencia para la Educacio?n a trave?s del Deporte, el Consejo de Europa - a trave?s del EPAS - y la Universidad de Estrasburgo.

Laser remote sensing applications (LiDAR) in forest hydrology and the management of river ecosystems.

La utilizaci��n de sensores l��ser desde plataformas a��reas (LiDAR) ofrece nuevas posibilidades en el cartografiado de sistemas fluviales, tanto en ��reas densamente cubiertas por vegetaci��n, como en aquellas que presentan una escasa cubierta. La informaci��n topogr��fica de alta resoluci��n que se obtiene a partir de las medidas l��ser puede ser utilizada en el an��lisis y estimaci��n de diversas variables hidrol��gicas, y en el estudio de diferentes componentes del medio fluvial. Entre ��stas, cabe citar la vegetaci��n riparia, la morfolog��a fluvial, el r��gimen hidrol��gico o el grado de alteraci��n de los ecosistemas debido a las presiones de origen antr��pico. La gesti��n del medio fluvial puede ser mejorada en gran medida gracias a la precisi��n y fiabilidad de esta informaci��n. En muchas ocasiones, el escaso relieve de los valles fluviales y la densa cubierta vegetal que existe en ellos han dificultado la aplicaci��n de otras t��cnicas de teledetecci��n. Sin embargo, los datos obtenidos mediante altimetr��a l��ser son especialmente aconsejables para estos trabajos, mediante an��lisis num��ricos o a trav��s de la simple interpretaci��n de las im��genes obtenidas. Este art��culo muestra las posibilidades de uso de los datos LiDAR en hidrolog��a forestal y en la gesti��n de zonas h��medas, a lo largo de tramos con condiciones clim��ticas bien diferenciadas. En todas ellas, se comparan los resultados obtenidos mediante la aplicaci��n de distinto software, con el fin de mostrar la mejor metodolog��a de tratamiento de la informaci��n l��ser. Asimismo, se muestra la diferencia con otras t��cnicas de teledetecci��n, y se muestra la f��cil integraci��n de los datos LiDAR con otras herramientas y metodolog��as de estudio de las variables citadas.

Spawning and habitat management in salmonid populations at the southern edge of their natural ranges = Reproducci��n y gesti��n del h��bitat en poblaciones de salm��nidos en el extremo meridional de sus distribuciones naturales

Las poblaciones de salm��nidos en la Pen��nsula Ib��rica (trucha com��n, Salmo trutta; y salm��n atl��ntico, Salmo salar) se encuentran cerca del l��mite meridional de sus distribuciones naturales, y por tanto tienen una gran importancia para la conservaci��n de estas especies. En la presente Tesis se han investigado algunos aspectos de la reproducci��n y de la gesti��n del h��bitat, con el objeto de mejorar el conocimiento acerca de estas poblaciones meridionales de salm��nidos. Se ha estudiado la reproducci��n de la trucha com��n en el r��o Castril (Andaluc��a, sur de Espa��a), donde se ha observado que la freza ocurre desde diciembre hasta abril con el m��ximo de actividad en febrero. Este hecho representa uno de los periodos reproductivos m��s tard��os y con mayor duraci��n de toda la distribuci��n natural de la especie. Adem��s, actualmente se sabe que el resto de poblaciones andaluzas tienen periodos de reproducci��n similares (retrasados y extendidos). An��lisis en la escala de la distribuci��n natural de la trucha com��n, han mostrado que la latitud explica parcialmente tanto la fecha media de reproducci��n (R2 = 62.8%) como la duraci��n del periodo de freza (R2 = 24.4%) mediante relaciones negativas: a menor latitud, la freza ocurre m��s tarde y durante m��s tiempo. Es veros��mil que un periodo de freza largo suponga una ventaja para la supervivencia de las poblaciones de trucha en h��bitats impredecibles, y por tanto se ha propuesto la siguiente hip��tesis, que deber�� ser comprobada en el futuro: la duraci��n de la freza es mayor en h��bitats impredecibles que en aquellos m��s predecibles. La elevada tasa de solapamiento de frezaderos observada en el r��o Castril no se explica ��nicamente por una excesiva densidad de reproductores. Las hembras de trucha eligieron lugares espec��ficos para construir sus frezaderos en vez de dispersarse aleatoriamente dentro del h��bitat adecuado para la freza que ten��an disponible. Estas observaciones sugieren que las hembras tienen alg��n tipo de preferencia por solapar sus frezaderos. Adem��s, en r��os calizos como el Castril, las gravas pueden ser muy cohesivas y dif��ciles de excavar, por lo que el solapamiento de frezaderos puede suponer una ventaja para la hembra, porque la excavaci��n en sustratos que han sido previamente removidos por frezas anteriores requerir�� menos gasto de energ��a que en sustratos con gravas cohesivas que no han sido alteradas. Por tanto, se ha propuesto la siguiente hip��tesis, que deber�� ser comprobada en el futuro: las hembras tienen una mayor preferencia por solapar sus frezaderos en r��os con sustratos cohesivos que en r��os con sustratos de gravas sueltas. En el marco de la gesti��n del h��bitat, se han empleado dos enfoques diferentes para la evaluaci��n del h��bitat f��sico, con el objeto de cuantificar los cambios potenciales en la disponibilidad de h��bitat, antes de la implementaci��n real de determinadas medidas sobre el h��bitat. En primer lugar, se ha evaluado el h��bitat f��sico del salm��n atl��ntico en el r��o Pas (Cantabria, norte de Espa��a), en la escala del microh��bitat, empleando la metodolog��a IFIM junto con un modelo hidr��ulico bidimensional (River2D). Se han simulado una serie de acciones de mejora del h��bitat y se han cuantificado los cambios en el h��bitat bajo estas acciones. Los resultados mostraron un aumento muy peque��o en la disponibilidad de h��bitat, por lo que no ser��a efectivo implementar estas acciones en este tramo fluvial. En segundo lugar, se ha evaluado el h��bitat f��sico de la trucha com��n en el r��o Taju��a (Guadalajara, centro de Espa��a), en la escala del mesoh��bitat, empleando la metodolog��a MesoHABSIM. Actualmente, el r��o Taju��a est�� alterado por los usos agr��colas de sus riberas, y por tanto se ha dise��ado una restauraci��n para mitigar estos impactos y para llevar al r��o a un estado m��s natural. Se ha cuantificado la disponibilidad de h��bitat tras la restauraci��n planteada, y los resultados han permitido identificar los tramos en los que la restauraci��n resultar��a m��s eficaz. ABSTRACT Salmonid populations in the Iberian Peninsula (brown trout, Salmo trutta; and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar) are close to the southern limit of their natural ranges, and therefore they are of great importance for the conservation of the species. In the present dissertation, some aspects of spawning and habitat management have been investigated, in order to improve the knowledge on these southern salmonid populations. Brown trout spawning have been studied in the river Castril (Andalusia, southern Spain), and it has been observed that spawning occurs from December until April with the maximum activity in February. This finding represents one of the most belated and protracted spawning periods within the natural range of the species. Furthermore, it is now known that the rest of Andalusian populations show similar (belated and extended) spawning periods. Broad-scale analyses throughout the brown trout natural range showed that latitude partly explained both spawning mean time (R2 = 62.8%) and spawning duration (R2 = 24.4%) by negative relationships: the lower the latitude, the later the spawning time and the longer the spawning period. It is plausible that a long spawning period would be an advantage for survival of trout populations in unpredictable habitats, and thus the following hypothesis has been proposed, which is yet to be tested: spawning duration is longer in unpredictable than in predictable habitats. High rate of redd superimposition observed in the river Castril was not only caused by high density of spawners. Trout females chose specific sites for redd construction instead of randomly dispersing over the suitable spawning habitat. These observations suggest that female spawners have some kind of preference for superimposing redds. Moreover, in limestone streams such as Castril, unused gravels can be very cohesive and hard to dig, and thus redd superimposition may be an advantage for female, because digging may require less energy expenditure in already used redd sites than in cohesive and embedded unused sites. Hence, the following hypothesis has been proposed, which is yet to be tested: females have a higher preference for superimposing redds in streambeds with cohesive and embedded substrates than in rivers with loose gravels. Within the topic of habitat management, two different approaches have been used for physical habitat assessment, in order to quantify the potential change in habitat availability, prior to the actual implementation of proposed habitat measures. Firstly, physical habitat for Atlantic salmon in the river Pas (Cantabria, northern Spain) has been assessed at the microhabitat scale, using the IFIM approach along with a two dimensional hydraulic model (River2D). Proposed habitat enhancement actions have been simulated and potential habitat change has been quantified. Results showed a very small increasing in habitat availability and therefore it is not worth to implement these measures in this stream reach. Secondly, physical habitat for brown trout in the river Taju��a (Guadalajara, central Spain) has been assessed at the mesohabitat scale, using the MesoHABSIM approach. The river Taju��a is currently impacted by surrounding agricultural uses, and thus restoration was designed to mitigate these impacts and to drive the river to a more natural state. Habitat availability after the planned restoration has been quantified, and the results have permitted to identify in which sites the restoration will be more effective.

Randomised trial of impact of model of integrated care and case management for older people living in the community

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a programme of integrated social and medical care among frail elderly people living in the community.