Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the Snellius II - Cruise 4 stations in the vicinity of the island of Misool, Eastern Indonesia

The chemical analyses of ferromanganese encrustations found on the seabed west of Misool, eastern Indonesia, indicate that these deposits formed in a way different from that of world-wide occurring manganese nodules. Ferromanganese coated pebbles and fragments that were found in the deeper parts of the study area probably originate from nearby ridges. The ferromanganese crust on the upper part of a dolomite fragment of ?30 kg is likely to be formed by hydrogenous processes, whereas that from the lower part seems to be formed by diagenetic processes mainly. These assumptions are supported by pore-water data from two box cores taken in the same area. The manganese and iron profiles versus depth in these cores indicate a high flux of these metals to the uppermost sediment layer, and possibly into the overlying bottom water. Factor analysis for the principal components of the microprobe analytical results of the mainly hydrogenous ferromanganese crust demonstrates a strong correlation of manganese with the trace metals, of iron with phosphorus and an antipathetic relationship between iron and manganese. Similar results have also been reported for abyssal manganese nodules in the world oceans. Factor analysis for the principal components of the analytical data obtained for the diagenetic ferromanganese crust results in a clear dolomite (Ca/Mg) dilution factor only.

Stomach content records for pelagic fish (herring, mackerel, blue whiting, albacore and bluefin tuna) in the northeast Atlantic

Fish stomach content records extracted from the DAPSTOM 4.5 database (held at the UK Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science - CEFAS). Data collated as part of the EU Euro-Basin project and specifically concerning herring (Clupea harengus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), albacore (Thunnus alalunga) and bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). The data set consist of 20720 records - collected throughout the northeast Atlantic, between 1906 and 2011 - mostly during routine fisheries monitoring research cruises.

Determinação do estado fundamental de compostos antiferromagnéticos da série Tb(1-x)Y(x)RhIn(5): aproximação teórico experimental

We present the results of electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements in Tb1−xYxRhIn5 (x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.4.0, 0.50 e 0.70) single crystals. Tb1−xYxRhIn5 is an antiferromagnetic AFM compound with ordering temperature TN ≈ 46 K, the higher TN within the RRhIn5 serie (R : rare earth). We evaluate the physical properties evolution and the supression of the AFM state considering doping and Crystalline Electric Field (CEF) effects on magnetic exchange interaction between Tb3+ magnetic ions. CEF acts like a perturbation potential, breaking the (2J + 1) multiplet s degeneracy. Also, we studied linear-polarization-dependent soft x-ray absorption at Tb M4 and M5 edges to validate X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy as a complementary technique in determining the rare earth CEF ground state. Samples were grown by the indium excess flux and the experimental data (magnetic susceptibility and specific heat) were adjusted with a mean field model that takes account magnetic exchange interaction between first neighbors and CEF effects. XAS experiments were carried on Total Electron Yield mode at Laborat´onio Nacional de Luz S´ıncrotron, Campinas. We measured X-ray absorption at Tb M4,5 edges with incident polarized X-ray beam parallel and perpendicular to c-axis (E || c e E ⊥ c). The mean field model simulates the mean behavior of the whole system and, due to many independent parameters, gives a non unique CEF scheme. XAS is site- and elemental- specific technique and gained the scientific community s attention as complementary technique in determining CEF ground state in rare earth based compounds. In this work we wil discuss the non conclusive results of XAS technique in TbRhIn5 compounds.

A crença sobre a morte e o coping religioso-espiritual em pacientes internados com doenças crônicas

The human being is understood as an integral being, complex, which has multiple dimensions: social, biological, psychological, anthropological, spiritual and others. As its biological dimension, the man presents the possibility of physical illness, which means that the body requires care. The sick away from humans in health and safety conditions, approaching them directly from the finitude and vulnerability condition, leading us to contact the major uncertainties of life: suffering of disease and death. Religiosity and spirituality are important coping strategy for human when faced with borderline situations. When people turn to religion to cope with stress is the religious and spiritual coping. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the views on death and the religious-spiritual coping in patients with chronic diseases hospitalized. The study included ten patients hospitalized for chronic disease complications Medical Clinic Unit of a public hospital in the city of Uberlândia/MG. two psychological scales were used: Scale Religious-Spiritual Coping Brief (CRE-Brief Scale) and Scale Brief Diverse Perspectives of Death and a structured interview (audiogravada) on the subject of death and religious and spiritual coping. The results indicated that 80% of the sample (N = 8) consisted of patients hospitalized due to chronic diseases, while 20% accounted for patients with AIDS complications. Analyzing the results of scale CRE-Brief, it emphasizes the use of strategies of religious and spiritual coping by participants as compared to CRE Total, all study participants had average or high scores for this index, with a low utilization CRE negative and average utilization CRE Positive. Regarding views on death, the results obtained by the Different Perspectives Quick Scale on Death suggest that this sample agrees with the view death as something that is part of the natural cycle of life (M8 - Death as a natural end) and features the prospect of death as uncertainty, mystery and ignorance (M4 - death as Unknown). The correlations between the measures the factors and items of CRE-Bref and dimensions of Short scales on different perspectives of Death notes the prevalence of correlations of M4 dimensions - Death as unknown and M8 - Death as a natural order to the creditor scale soon. In the interview analysis revealed a positive influence of religion/ spirituality on health, from the perspective of the respondent, highlighting the protection promoted by religion. It also noticed the use of prayer as a coping strategy of hospitalization and illness. Regarding the interview about the topic of death, there was a predominance of issues related to "afterlife", "unknown" and "abandonment", which are associated with the visions of death and mystery and death as a natural end. In the interviews there belief clues about death as a terrifying mystery connected, so the unknown and the feeling of fear on the same. The experience of illness can therefore be considered as a source of vulnerability, since it is present personal perception of danger (external) - own illness and possible death, especially in those patients undergoing ICU - and where control is insufficient for the sense of security, since the hospital providing care to the patient are delegated to third parties and patients assume a passive role. This fact is important and relevant to health professionals who deal daily with patients hospitalized for chronic diseases, since the recourse to religion and spirituality as a coping strategy that psychic movement was not constituted in a form of negative distance or even denial of health condition. On the contrary, it refers to a movement in search of comfort and security provided by the religion and spirituality.

Geochemistry of sheeted dike complex minerals of ODP Hole 140-504B

Diabases were recovered during Legs 137 and 140 at Hole 504B from depths between 1621.5 and 2000.4 meters below seafloor in the lower sheeted dike complex. The samples contain multiple generations of millimetric to centimetric veins. The orientation of the measured veins suggests that two main vein sets exist: one characterized by shallow dipping and the other by random trend. Thermal contraction during rock cooling is considered the main mechanism responsible for fracture formation. Vein infill is related to the circulation of hydrothermal fluids near the spreading axis. Some veins are surrounded by millimeter-sized alteration halos due to fluid percolation from the fractures through the host rock. Vein-filling minerals are essentially amphibole, chlorite, and zeolites. Amphibole composition is controlled by the microstructural site of the rock. Actinolite is the main amphibole occurring in the veins and also in the groundmass away from the halos. In the alteration halos, amphibole shows composition of actinolitic hornblende and Mg-hornblende. Late-stage tension gashes and interstitial spaces in some amphibole-bearing veins are filled with zeolites, suggesting that the veins likely suffered multiple opening stages that record the cooling history of the circulating fluids. Evidence of deformation recorded by the recovered samples seems to be restricted to veins that clearly represent elements of weakness of the rock. On the basis of vein geometry and microstructure we infer structural interpretations for the formation mechanism and for deformation of veins.

Macroscopic Quantum Resonators (MAQRO): 2015 update

Do the laws of quantum physics still hold for macroscopic objects - this is at the heart of Schrödinger’s cat paradox - or do gravitation or yet unknown effects set a limit for massive particles? What is the fundamental relation between quantum physics and gravity? Ground-based experiments addressing these questions may soon face limitations due to limited free-fall times and the quality of vacuum and microgravity. The proposed mission Macroscopic Quantum Resonators (MAQRO) may overcome these limitations and allow addressing such fundamental questions. MAQRO harnesses recent developments in quantum optomechanics, high-mass matter-wave interferometry as well as state-of-the-art space technology to push macroscopic quantum experiments towards their ultimate performance limits and to open new horizons for applying quantum technology in space. The main scientific goal is to probe the vastly unexplored ‘quantum-classical’ transition for increasingly massive objects, testing the predictions of quantum theory for objects in a size and mass regime unachievable in ground-based experiments. The hardware will largely be based on available space technology. Here, we present the MAQRO proposal submitted in response to the 4th Cosmic Vision call for a medium-sized mission (M4) in 2014 of the European Space Agency (ESA) with a possible launch in 2025, and we review the progress with respect to the original MAQRO proposal for the 3rd Cosmic Vision call for a medium-sized mission (M3) in 2010. In particular, the updated proposal overcomes several critical issues of the original proposal by relying on established experimental techniques from high-mass matter-wave interferometry and by introducing novel ideas for particle loading and manipulation. Moreover, the mission design was improved to better fulfill the stringent environmental requirements for macroscopic quantum experiments.

TRPV2 Channels Contribute to Stretch-Activated Cation Currents and Myogenic Constriction in Retinal Arterioles

Purpose: Activation of the transient receptor potential channels, TRPC6, TRPM4, and TRPP1 (PKD2), has been shown to contribute to the myogenic constriction of cerebral arteries. In the present study we sought to determine the potential role of various mechanosensitive TRP channels to myogenic signaling in arterioles of the rat retina.

Methods: Rat retinal arterioles were isolated for RT-PCR, Fura-2 Ca2+ microfluorimetry, patch-clamp electrophysiology, and pressure myography studies. In some experiments, confocal immunolabeling of wholemount preparations was used to examine the localization of specific mechanosensitive TRP channels in retinal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Results: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated mRNA expression for TRPC1, M7, V1, V2, V4, and P1, but not TRPC6 or M4, in isolated retinal arterioles. Immunolabeling revealed plasma membrane, cytosolic and nuclear expression of TRPC1, M7, V1, V2, V4, and P1 in retinal VSMCs. Hypoosmotic stretch-induced Ca2+ influx in retinal VSMCs was reversed by the TRPV2 inhibitor tranilast and the nonselective TRPP1/V2 antagonist amiloride. Inhibitors of TRPC1, M7, V1, and V4 had no effect. Hypoosmotic stretch-activated cation currents were similar in Na+ and Cs+ containing solutions suggesting no contribution by TRPP1 channels. Direct plasma membrane stretch triggered cation current activity that was blocked by tranilast and specific TRPV2 pore-blocking antibodies and mimicked by the TRPV2 activator, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Preincubation of retinal arterioles with TRPV2 blocking antibodies prevented the development of myogenic tone.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that retinal VSMCs express a range of mechanosensitive TRP channels, but only TRPV2 appears to contribute to myogenic signaling in this vascular bed.

Os estilos de liderança nas organizações não governamentais da região metropolitana de Belém

This study aimed to analyze the leadership style adopted by managers of nongovernmental organizations in the metropolitan region of Belem on the theory of Hersey and Blanchard. This theory is called situational leadership ranks E1, E2, E3, E4 and the styles of leadership and maturity in parallel classes M1, M2, M3 and M4. This study examined the relationship of leadership styles with the maturity of work, identified the relationship of leadership styles as related to psychological maturity and job maturity and psychological maturity. The main objectives were to analyze and relate leadership styles with the maturity of the leaders and understand the phenomenon of leadership from the self-perception of those who lead the organizations studied. To achieve the objectives we used a questionnaire already validated the theory of situational leadership and applied in 320 non-governmental organizations in the metropolitan region of Belem The methodology was quantitative, descriptive and exploratory. The analysis was by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics for univariate and bivariate form, applying the chi-square, the V Crammer and Spearman correlation. The data analysis shows safety, attested to the frequencies, and average margin of error and after application of the tests it was found that a relationship between the leadership style of work with the maturity and psychological maturity. The managers of nongovernmental organizations practicing various styles of leadership and focus on the quadrant of high maturity. It was diagnosed when the manager uses only one style of leadership was the predominance of E3 "share or support", which represents 24% of the sample. As uses two styles of leadership is the predominance of E3 and E2, which represents 76%. So the managers of nongovernmental organizations in the metropolitan region of Belem, practicing a style of leadership support, sharing ideas for decision making using a democratic style

Os estilos de liderança nas organizações não governamentais da região metropolitana de Belém

This study aimed to analyze the leadership style adopted by managers of nongovernmental organizations in the metropolitan region of Belem on the theory of Hersey and Blanchard. This theory is called situational leadership ranks E1, E2, E3, E4 and the styles of leadership and maturity in parallel classes M1, M2, M3 and M4. This study examined the relationship of leadership styles with the maturity of work, identified the relationship of leadership styles as related to psychological maturity and job maturity and psychological maturity. The main objectives were to analyze and relate leadership styles with the maturity of the leaders and understand the phenomenon of leadership from the self-perception of those who lead the organizations studied. To achieve the objectives we used a questionnaire already validated the theory of situational leadership and applied in 320 non-governmental organizations in the metropolitan region of Belem The methodology was quantitative, descriptive and exploratory. The analysis was by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics for univariate and bivariate form, applying the chi-square, the V Crammer and Spearman correlation. The data analysis shows safety, attested to the frequencies, and average margin of error and after application of the tests it was found that a relationship between the leadership style of work with the maturity and psychological maturity. The managers of nongovernmental organizations practicing various styles of leadership and focus on the quadrant of high maturity. It was diagnosed when the manager uses only one style of leadership was the predominance of E3 "share or support", which represents 24% of the sample. As uses two styles of leadership is the predominance of E3 and E2, which represents 76%. So the managers of nongovernmental organizations in the metropolitan region of Belem, practicing a style of leadership support, sharing ideas for decision making using a democratic style

Détection et caractérisation de nouveaux disques circumstellaires autour d’étoiles de faibles masses et naines brunes jeunes.

La présence de disques circumstellaires signale la formation actuelle ou passée de systèmes planétaires, pour lesquels les processus de formation sont encore mal compris. Ce mémoire porte sur la détection et la caractérisation de disques circumstellaires autour d’étoiles de faibles masses (types spectraux > K5) et de naines brunes qui sont candidates ou membres d’associations cinématiques jeunes. Nous présentons ici les résultats de cette recherche ainsi que son implication pour la compréhension des processus de formation et d’évolution des systèmes planétaires. De l’échantillon initial composé de ∼ 1600 objets provenant des relevés BANYAN de Malo et al. ainsi que Gagné et al., dont seulement 600 satisfont nos critères de qualité sur les données, quatre nouveaux candidats de disque ont été découverts en détectant leur excès d’émission infrarouge dans les données d’archive de la mission WISE. Les données du relevé 2MASS ainsi que les spectres synthétiques BT-Settl ont été conjointement utilisés pour modéliser l’émission des étoiles. Les nouveaux candidats, dont les types spectraux sont tardifs (M4.5 à L0) et les masses se situent entre ∼ 13 et 120 M_Jup, ont des températures de disque de ∼ 135–520 K et des luminosités fractionnaires de 0,021–0,15. Pour deux des cibles, nous avons obtenu des spectres dans les longueurs d’onde visibles et infrarouges proches. Ces nouveaux spectres montrent respectivement des signes d’émission en Hα et Paβ, indiquant la présence d’accrétion, et ainsi de gaz, et renforçant l’hypothèse que ces objets sont réellement jeunes. Ces deux objets, vraisemblablement âgés de 40 Ma, pourraient représenter la première détection et caractérisation de disques porteurs de gaz plus vieux que 20 Ma.

Détection et caractérisation de nouveaux disques circumstellaires autour d’étoiles de faibles masses et naines brunes jeunes

La présence de disques circumstellaires signale la formation actuelle ou passée de systèmes planétaires, pour lesquels les processus de formation sont encore mal compris. Ce mémoire porte sur la détection et la caractérisation de disques circumstellaires autour d’étoiles de faibles masses (types spectraux > K5) et de naines brunes qui sont candidates ou membres d’associations cinématiques jeunes. Nous présentons ici les résultats de cette recherche ainsi que son implication pour la compréhension des processus de formation et d’évolution des systèmes planétaires. De l’échantillon initial composé de ∼ 1600 objets provenant des relevés BANYAN de Malo et al. ainsi que Gagné et al., dont seulement 600 satisfont nos critères de qualité sur les données, quatre nouveaux candidats de disque ont été découverts en détectant leur excès d’émission infrarouge dans les données d’archive de la mission WISE. Les données du relevé 2MASS ainsi que les spectres synthétiques BT-Settl ont été conjointement utilisés pour modéliser l’émission des étoiles. Les nouveaux candidats, dont les types spectraux sont tardifs (M4.5 à L0) et les masses se situent entre ∼ 13 et 120 M_Jup, ont des températures de disque de ∼ 135–520 K et des luminosités fractionnaires de 0,021–0,15. Pour deux des cibles, nous avons obtenu des spectres dans les longueurs d’onde visibles et infrarouges proches. Ces nouveaux spectres montrent respectivement des signes d’émission en Hα et Paβ, indiquant la présence d’accrétion, et ainsi de gaz, et renforçant l’hypothèse que ces objets sont réellement jeunes. Ces deux objets, vraisemblablement âgés de 40 Ma, pourraient représenter la première détection et caractérisation de disques porteurs de gaz plus vieux que 20 Ma.

La seguridad energética de Estados Unidos a inicios del siglo XXI: ¿securitización o politización del acceso a recursos energéticos?

Tradicionalmente, la consolidación de la seguridad energética en Estados Unidos se ha mostrado como un asunto de seguridad nacional. En especial, la escasez de recursos energéticos ha sido vista como un problema existencial que requiere de medidas de emergencia en el marco de un proceso de securitización. Sin embargo, esta investigación surgiere que el tema ha sido mayoritariamente politizado a inicios del siglo XXI. Quizá este proceso de securitización tan solo fue implícitamente planteado con ocasión de la invasión a Irak en 2003, en la medida en que dicha intervención pudo haberse inspirado por la necesidad de derrocar a un régimen que había impedido el acceso estadounidense a recursos petroleros iraquíes. En este orden de ideas, la investigación analiza las políticas de seguridad energética de los gobiernos de George W. Bush y Barack H. Obama con el propósito de entender el grado en el que estas estuvieron vinculadas a sus respectivas agendas de seguridad nacional.

Hidrolisado de proteína de soja em meio de cultivo para a produção de agente de controle biológico.

Os produtos de controle biológico devem ser produzidos com custo competitivo em relação aos sintéticos para que seu uso se torne generalizado. A fermentação é uma das etapas mais caras para o escalonamento da produção por causa do valor dos ingredientes dos meios de cultura. Neste trabalho, Pichia kudriavzevii L9, um agente de controle de podridão pós-colheita de frutas, foi utilizada como modelo para a avaliação de hidrolisado de proteína de soja como fonte de nitrogênio em meio de cultura líquido. Foram testadas cinco concentrações de proteína de soja (50 L-1 a 250 g L-1) em solução aquosa contendo concentrações de H2SO4 de 0 a 1,0 N, tratadas em autoclave a 121 ºC e 1,0 atm de pressão. Após o resfriamento, o produto obtido foi alcalinizado com KOH até atingir o pH de 6,0 ? 7,0. Nas condições do experimento, a melhor condição para a hidrólise do proteinato de soja e obtenção de maior concentração de aminoácidos no meio, foi de 200 g L-1 de proteinato em solução de HCl 0,5 N, produzindo 32,1 g L-1 de aminoácido livre, quantificado pelo método da ninhidrina. O hidrolisado foi utilizado para o crescimento de P. kudriavzevii L9, obtendo-se a maior produtividade de células viáveis de levedura com a adição de 2% do hidrolisado obtido no meio de cultura, na faixa entre 0,2 a 0,5 N de HCL.

Tolerância de isolados de levedura a elevadas temperaturas e baixo potencial osmótico.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a tolerância de isolados de levedura para aplicação no controle biológico de podridões pós-colheita de frutos em elevadas temperaturas e baixa disponibilidade de água. As leveduras foram inoculadas em meio de cultivo líquido contendo um gradiente de concentrações de polietilenoglicol 6000 de forma a alcançar potenciais osmóticos de 0 Mpa, -2 Mpa, -5 Mpa, -10 Mpa, -15, -20 Mpa, e incubados em BOD nas temperaturas de 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C e 40 °C. A partir da análise das curvas de crescimento obtidas, verificou-se que os isolados Sacharomyces sp. L10 e S. boulardi L7K apresentaram a maior suscetibilidade aos estresses abióticos, com crescimento próximo à zero nas condições restritivas de cultivo. O isolado Sacharomyces cerevisiae LF apresentou a maior tolerância à combinação dos fatores analisados, seguido de Pichia kudriavzevii L9, demonstrando maior potencial para aplicação em condições de campo para a prevenção de infecções de patógenos quiescentes.