Herança de formato e produção de frutos imaturos em abobrinha (Cucurbita moschata)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a herança de formato e produção de frutos imaturos de 2 novas linhagens de C. moschata. Para tal obtiveram-se as gerações Fl, F2 e retrocruzamentos para ambos os progenitores. Para a avaliação das diferentes gerações utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições e número variável de plantas por repetição. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos foram obtidas segundo o modelo de MATHER & JINKS. Foram avaliados o peso, comprimento e diâmetros próximos das extremidades peduncular e estilar dos frutos. Observou-se dominância para maior velocidade de crescimento dos frutos, caracterizada pelos maiores comprimentos, diâmetros e peso médio na geração F1. Observou-se também dominancia para frutos mais bojudos e com menor relação entre o comprimento e a média dos diâmetros. Devido ao maior peso médio de frutos, e não ao número, obteve-se heterose significativa (20,5%) para produção total por planta.

Nitrate reductase activity in leaves and stems of tanner grass (Brachiaria radicans Napper)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Water at interfaces and its influence on the electrical properties of adsorbed films

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sobrevivência de operárias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) isoladas do formigueiro e alimentadas com dietas artificiais

Avaliou-se dietas artificiais, para operárias médias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel isoladas de formigueiros de laboratório e de campo. Os bioensaios foram realizados com 6 formigas/placa de Petri, sendo 10 placas/tratamento, em câmara ambiental a 24 ± 1 °C e UR > 70%. Não houve diferença na sobrevivência entre as operárias de laboratório e de campo, quando tratadas com dieta artificial líquida. Ao se comparar as dietas artificiais líquida e sólida, pode-se constatar que não houve diferença na sobreviência das operárias de laboratório tratadas com as diferentes dietas. A dieta artificial sólida com troca a cada 48 h, até 25 dias, representa uma alternativa para se trabalhar com operárias médias de A. sexdens rubropilosa, isoladas do formigueiro, em bioensaios de laboratório.

Cultivo de embriões imaturos de citros em diferentes concentrações de carvão ativado e ácido giberélico

Adição de carvão ativado e giberelina no meio de cultura podem proporcionar melhores condições no desenvolvimento de embriões imaturos de citros. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de carvão ativado e GA3 (ácido giberélico) no cultivo de embriões imaturos provenientes do cruzamento entre laranjeira 'Pêra Rio' x tangerineira 'Poncã'. Após 118 dias da polinização, frutos imaturos, com 3 a 4 cm de diâmetro, foram coletados, suas sementes removidas e tratadas com álcool (70%) por cinco minutos, hipoclorito de sódio (2%) por 20 minutos e, posteriormente, lavadas três vezes em água destilada e autoclavada. em condições assépticas, os tegumentos das sementes foram separados, os embriões globulares excisados e inoculados em tubos de ensaio contendo 15 mL do meio MT, acrescido de carvão ativado (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5 e 2 g L-1) e GA3 (0; 0,01; 0,1; 1 e 10 mg L-1). Após a inoculação, os embriões permaneceram por 90 dias em sala de crescimento a 27+1ºC, fotoperíodo de 16 horas e irradiância de 32 mmol m-2 s-1. Maior comprimento da parte aérea foi obtido em meio MT, acrescido de 0,1 e 1 mg L-1 de GA3, combinado com 2 g L-1 de carvão ativado. Maior comprimento do sistema radicular, massa da matéria fresca e número de folhas de plântulas foram obtidos em meio MT, acrescido de 0,01 mg L-1 de GA3, na ausência de carvão ativado. A adição de carvão ativado influenciou na concentração de ácido giberélico acrescido no meio de cultura.

Diagnose foliar da gravioleira (Annona muricata L.): efeito da posição de ramos e folhas

A carência de informações na literatura sobre a amostragem de folhas da gravioleira, particularmente, a definição da posição da folha na copa das árvores e das folhas nos ramos ainda é um fator limitante para a diagnose foliar dessa cultura. Objetivando determinar a parte da planta indicada para a amostragem de folhas e a avaliação do estado nutricional da gravioleira conduziu-se um experimento no Campo Experimental da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Agroindústria Tropical, em Pacajus (CE), no período de março a abril de 2003. Colheram-se folhas de três posições da copa (terço superior, terço médio e terço inferior) e três posições no ramo (folhas da parte apical, mediana e basal) e determinaram-se os teores de P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn e Mn. Os resultados permitem sugerir que os teores de minerais das folhas da parte mediana da copa das árvores e na posição mediana do ramo refletem melhor o estado nutricional da frutífera.

Langmuir and langmuir-blodgett films of polyfluorenes and their use in polymer light-emitting diodes

The Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film properties of two polyfluorene derivatives, namely poly(2,7-9,9'-dihexylfluorene-dyil) (PDHF) and poly(9,9 dihexylfluorene-dyil-vynilene-alt-1,4-phenylene-vyninele) (PDHF-PV), are reported. Surface pressure (Pi-A) and surface potential (Delta V-A) isotherms indicated that PDHF-PV forms true monolayers at the air/water interface, but PDHF does not. LB films could be transferred onto various types of substrate for both PDHF and PDHF-PV. Only the LB films from PDHF-PV could withstand deposition of a layer of evaporated metal to form a light-emitting diode (PLED), which had typical rectifying characteristics and emitted blue light. It is inferred that the ability of the polymer to form true monomolecular layers at the air/water interface seems to be associated with the viability of the LB films in PLEDs.

Effects of the high-temperature plasma immersion ion-implantation treatment on corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al1-4V

Nitrogen implantation into Ti alloys at higher temperatures improves their mechanical and corrosion resistance properties by forming a thicker nitride layer. In this paper, two different sets of Ti-6Al-4V samples were plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)-treated using nitrogen plasma, varying the treatment time from 30 to 150 min (800 degrees C) and the process temperature from 400 degrees C to 800 degrees C (t = 60 min). Nanoindentation measurements of the PIII-treated samples at 800 C during 150 min showed the highest hardness value, 24 GPa, which is about four times bigger than untreated sample hardness. The N penetration at these conditions reached approximately 150 nm as analyzed by Auger spectroscopy. on the other hand, the lowest passive current density (3 x 10(-7) A. cm(-2)) was obtained for a PIII-treated sample during 30 min at higher temperature (800 degrees C). The corrosion resistance of this sample is almost the same as for the untreated specimen. Corrosion behavior evidenced that in strong oxidizing media, all PIII-treated samples are more corrosion resistant than the untreated one. PIII processing at higher temperatures promotes smoothing of the sample surface as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analyses of the untreated samples identified the two typical Ti phases, Ti alpha and Ti beta. After the implantation, Ti2N and TiO2 phases were also detected.

Morphological characterization of Langmuir-Blodgett films from polyaniline and a ruthenium complex (Rupy): influence of the relative concentration of Rupy

We report on the use of dynamic scale theory and fractal analyses in a study of the growth stages of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of polyaniline and a neutral biphosphinic ruthenium complex, namely mer-[ RuCl3 (dppb)(py)] (dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphine) buthane, py = pyridine), Rupy. The LB films were deposited onto indium-tin-oxide substrates and characterized with atomic force microscopy. From the granular morphology exhibited by the films one could infer growth processes inside and outside the grains. Growth outside was found to follow the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model, with fractal dimensions of about 2.7. As one would expect, inside the grains the morphology is close to a Euclidian surface with fractal dimension of about 2.

Paulista registry of glomerulonephritis: 5-year data report

Background. The Paulista Registry of Glomerulopathies was created in May 1999 and comprises several centres of São Paulo, the most populous Brazilian State, that concentrates people from all regions of the country who look for health care.Methods. This report includes data from 2086 patients from Brazil submitted to renal biopsy due to the presumed diagnosis of glomerular diseases, registered prospectively since May 1999 until January 2005. Data were collected by the integrants of the 11 centres involved, utilizing a standardized questionnaire.Results. The mean age of the patients was 34.5 +/- 14.6 years. Primary glomerular diseases were more frequent in males (55.1%) than in females; on the other hand, secondary glomerular diseases were more frequent in females (71.8%). The most common clinical presentation was nephrotic syndrome and the frequency of hypertension, at this time, was 55.5%. There was a predominance of indication of biopsies in the third, fourth and fifth decades of life. The most common primary glomerular diseases were focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (29.7%), followed by membranous nephropathy (20.7%), IgA nephropathy (17.8%), minimal change disease (9.1%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (7%), crescentic glomerulonephritis (4.1%), advanced chronic glomerulopathy (4%), non-IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis (3.8%), diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (2.5%), focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis (1%) and others (0.3%). The most frequent secondary glomerular disease was lupus nephritis, corresponding to 66.2% of the cases, followed by post-infectious glomerulonephritis (12.5%), diabetic nephropathy (6.2%), diseases associated to paraproteinaemia (4.9%), hereditary diseases (4.6%), vasculitis (3.2%), malignancies (0.9.%), secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (0.6%) and others (0.9%).Conclusion. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most frequent primary glomerular disease, followed by membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. Lupus nephritis predominated over all the other secondary glomerular diseases.

Effect of commercial mouthwashes on the corrosion resistance of Ti-10Mo experimental alloy

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of three commercial mouthwashes on the corrosion resistance of Ti-10Mo experimental alloy. Experiments were made at 37.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C in a conventional three-compartment double wall glass cell containing commercial mouthwashes. Three mouthwashes with different active ingredients were tested: ( I) 0.05% sodium fluoride + 0.03% triclosan; (II) 0.5 g/l cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.05% sodium fluoride; (III) 0.12% chlorohexidine digluconate. The assessment of the individual effect of active ingredients was studied by using 0.05% sodium fluoride. Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) was used as control. Microstructures from Ti-10Mo experimental alloy and CP Ti were also evaluated using optical microscopy. Ti-10Mo as-cast alloy shows the typical rapidly cooled dendrites microstructure (beta phase) while CP Ti has exhibited a metastable martensitic microstructure. Electrochemical behavior of dental materials here studied was more affected by mouthwash type than by Ti alloy composition or microstructure. In both alloys passivation phenomenon was observed. This process may be mainly related to Ti oxides or other Ti species present in spontaneously formed film. Small differences in passive current densities values may be connected with changes in film porosity and thickness. Protective characteristics of this passive film are lower in 0.05% sodium fluoride + 0.03% triclosan mouthwash than in the other two mouthwashes tested.

Influence of ionic interactions on the photoinduced Birefringence of poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4 hydroxyphenylazo) benzene sulfonamido]-1 2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] films

Electrostatic interactions govern most properties of polyelectrolyte films, as in the photoinduced bire-fringence of azo-containing polymers. In this paper we report a systematic investigation of optical storage characteristics of cast and layer-by-layer (LbL) films of poly[1 -[4-(3-carboxy-4 hydroxypheny-lazo) benzene sulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] (PAZO). Birefringence was photoinduced faster in PAZO cast films prepared at high pHs, with the characteristic writing times decreasing almost linearly with the pH in the range between 4 and 9. This was attributed to an increased free volume for the azochromophores with the enhanced electrostatic repulsion in PAZO charged to a greater extent. In contrast, in LbL films of PAZO alternated with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), the electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged polymers hampered photoisomerization and molecular rearrangement, thus leading to a slower writing kinetics for highly charged PAH or PAZO.

Measurements of gunshot residues by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - Further studies with pistols

The most popular handgun in Brazil is the single round-barrel caliber 0.38 revolver. In recent years, however, owing to the modernization of police arms and their availability on the legal and illicit markets, pistols have become increasingly popular and currently represent about 20% of police seizures. In a previous paper we presented a novel collection method for gunshot residues (GSR) using a sampling procedure based on ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution as a complexing agent on moistened swabs with subsequent detection using sector field-high resolution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SF-HR-ICP-MS). In the present paper, we discuss the capability of this methodology to identify antimony (Sb), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) on the hands of volunteers after shot tests with 9 mm and 0.40 in. caliber pistols. Two types of munitions were tested: 9 mm Taurus and clean range. The use of a technique with high sensitivity, such as SF-HR-ICP-MS, permits the identification of low concentrations (less than 1 mu g/L) of metals in firearm residue and constitutes a powerful tool in forensic science. We also discuss the importance of the sampling procedure, including collection from a different body part than the gun hand of the suspect. Comparison of the analytical data obtained allows clear discrimination between samples from the hands of shooters and non-shooters. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and some properties of hybrid gels of titanium oxide containing europium (III)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)