999 resultados para Goiaba - Doenças e pragas - Controle
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The objectives of this study were: a) to quantify dermal and respiratory exposure resulting from work conditions in the application of pesticides on citrus crops using a air-assisted sprayer and by preparing the spray in a tank with a capacity of2.000 L; b) to evaluate the measures of individual protection for these workers; c) to determine the areas of the worker's body most exposed; and d) to classify the work conditions with and without the protective measures tested, with regard to the occupational safety of the recommendations for the pesticides used in controlling the main pests and diseases of this crop. It was shown that for the tractor driver and sprayer operator applyng pesticides on citrus trees, the most efficient protective measures were the AZR ensemble and the Real cabin. The AZR ensemble was effective in controlling exposure of the spray preparer, because it was sufficient to turn work conditions from unsafe to safe. The area of the body most exposed under the two work conditions studied was the hands of the workers.
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The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a tropical oilseed species, and the oil extracted from its seeds is one of the most versatile oils in the nature, showing various industrial uses. Even though it is a rustic species, the castor bean is subjected to several diseases such as the gray mold, caused by the fungus Amphobotrys ricini. Genetic breeding would be the best alternative for the disease control, but a long time is required to obtain resistant cultivars. Thus, the use of control strategies based on chemical, alternative or biological methods shows viable in the short term. The aim of this study was to investigate gray mold control efficiency, in castor bean crop, using chemical, alternative and biological methods. The pathogen control efficiency was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using fungicides, essential oils and biological control agents. As regards the in vitro inhibition of the pathogen mycelial growth, the best treatments with essential oils were those based on C. martini and C. zeylanicum at all five tested concentrations. For both oils, the average diameter of colonies was 0.7 cm against 4.79 cm for the control treatment. For the fungicides, at all four tested levels, the most efficient active ingredients were methyl tiophanate, carbendazim, tebuconazole and iprodione. The ED50 of these fungicides was <1uL/L, yielding 100% mycelial growth inhibition at all concentrations. As to the inhibition of A. ricini conidium germination, the fungicides tebuconazole and chlorotanolyl were the best at all tested concentrations, and the average of germinated conidia with these fungicides was 0.0 and 0.15%, respectively, against 100% for the control treatment. In the field, treatment with the fungicide iprodione was the best for the disease control when compared to biological and alternative treatments. Under field conditions, the average disease severity for the treatment with iprodione was 15.76% against 95.81% for the inoculated control.
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Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Animal - FMVZ
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV
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O Diabetes mellitus é um problema de saúde pública mundial. Tal doença é caracterizada pela redução da secreção (Diabetes mellitus tipo1) ou da ação (Diabetes mellitus tipo2) da insulina, acarretando hiperglicemia, além de alterações no metabolismo das proteínas e dos lipídeos. As consequências para o organismo são variadas, incluindo hipertensão, nefropatias, retinopatias e cardiopatias. Atualmente existe grande interesse nas ervas medicinais, como hipoglicemiantes naturais, entre elas, a spirulina. A spirulina parece ser boa fonte protéica para a alimentação, tem boa aceitação e não apresenta efeitos tóxicos aparentes. Além disso, ela pode exercer efeitos benéficos no tratamento de algumas doenças como câncer, desnutrição, obesidade, hipercolesterolemia, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus,entre outras. Tendo em vista a grande possibilidade utilizar a spirulina na dieta, o presente estudo visa analisar o metabolismo muscular da glicose em ratos diabéticos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas variáveis metabólicas estudadas
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Os cupins são conhecidos também como térmitas ou térmites, formam um grupo extenso e diverso e, atualmente, há mais de 2.800 espécies descritas que se distribuem em sete famílias. Pertencentes à ordem Isoptera, os térmitas são insetos eussociais que apresentam uma organização social altamente desenvolvida e vivem em ninhos denominados de cupinzeiros, geralmente, construídos no solo. Os cupinzeiros podem ser bem resistentes e estruturalmente complexos, e neles são encontrados indivíduos morfologicamente distintos adaptados a determinadas funções que constituem as diferentes castas (reprodutores, operários e soldados), além de indivíduos imaturos (“ninfas” e “larvas”) e ovos. A presença dos cupins nos ecossistemas é de extrema importância em diversos e diferentes processos. Em linhas gerais, os cupins são bastante importantes como decompositores de matéria orgânica fragmentando os detritos orgânicos, são mediadores da humificação, participam da ligação e formação de agregados e complexos minerais argilosos, e também atuam na fixação do nitrogênio, pois seus simbiontes têm a capacidade de fixar o gás nitrogênio da atmosfera, contribuindo, dessa forma, com a fertilidade do solo. Contudo, os cupins são bem conhecidos porque causam prejuízos enormes, ou seja, pelo potencial como pragas, danificando diversos tipos de materiais celulósicos e não celulósicos, além de edificações, monumentos, plantações, etc. Os cupins subterrâneos são os que causam maiores problemas, pois possuem grande capacidade de dispersão e são animais, que devido aos hábitos crípticos, têm o estudo e o controle dificultado. Além disso, estão entre os insetos mais abundantes, sendo a maioria pertencente à família Rhinotermitidae. O controle de cupins subterrâneos é um controle diferenciado, já que possuem o ninho sob o solo e com um grande número de indivíduos. A eliminação de uma parte da colônia muitas...
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The ants of genus Atta belong to the Attine tribe (order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae, subfamily Myrmicinae) and are commonly known as leaf-cutting ants for having the habit of cutting several vegetable species used as substrate for growing mutualistic fungus (Agaricales: Lepiotaceae). Recent studies showed that, in addition to that, other fungi may occur in the nests in a dorment state or participate in the functioning dynamic of this symbiosis. Researches related to surveys of fungus biodiversity in nests of different Atta species have found important phytopathogenic representatives. In Brazil, studies about integrated management of plagues, developed by Embrapa Meio Ambiente (Embrapa Environment), point out the need of higher investments in projects that involve the phytopathogenic transmission by insects in order to reduce costs to control them or minimize environmental impact. The purpose of this study was to broaden the knowledge about the ecology of these fungi, isolating and identifying species associated with Attine tribe ants, thus understanding the scope of pathogenic and phytopathogenic species spread by these ants. For that reason, gynes were collected from Atta laevigata and Atta capiguara anthills located at Unesp Botucatu (São Paulo, Brazil) campus. In order to isolate the fungus, the mineral oil floating technique was used. The identification of the isolated fungi was done based on microscopic and molecular characteristics using DNA ribosomal sequencing. The most highly abundant genera found so far were: Cladosporium, Exophiala, Penicillium, Acremonium, Phialophora and Teratosphaeria. Representatives of the genera Exophiala, Phialophora and Cladosporium may be human pathogens, whereas Teratosphaeria and Penicillium are related to diseases in Eucalyptus and citric fruits, respectively. The results show that these ants may host important fungal species besides the ones already... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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The arthritis-encephalitis caprine vírus is found at mostly areas of the world, especially at the countries that milk goats is strongly tecnific, and already was found in many brasilian states. The illness causes greats econimics prejudice, influencing badly the productive life time of the flock, related with the low production, decrease of the reproductive performance and lost of the genetic potential, determining constants flock’s renew. Many authors calls the atention for the probable dissemination of the illness and reinforce the necessity of the adoption strong sanitary politics for the illnes control. The controls programs, basically, based on knowledeg of the target-cells, that keep and distribute the virus on the guests organisms; on the transmition way; on sensibility and specificity of the sorologics tests, as well as your frequency of realitation in the flock; and after all on the management that the flock is submeted