Total and segmental liver volume variations: implications for liver surgery.

BACKGROUND: Liver remnant volumes after major hepatic resection and graft volumes for liver transplantation correlate with surgical outcome. The relative contributions of the hepatic segments to total liver volume (TLV) are not well established. METHODS: TLV and hepatic segment volumes were measured with computed tomography (CT) in 102 patients without liver disease who underwent CT for conditions unrelated to the liver or biliary tree. RESULTS: TLV ranged from 911 to 2729 cm(3). On average, the right liver (segments V, VI, VII, and VIII) contributed approximately two thirds of TLV (997+/-279 cm(3)), and the left liver (segments II, III and IV) contributed approximately one third of TLV (493+/-127 cm(3)). Bisegment II+III (left lateral section) contributed about half the volume of the left liver (242+/-79 cm(3)), or 16% of TLV. Liver volumes varied significantly between patients--the right liver varied from 49% to 82% of TLV, the left liver, 17% to 49% of TLV, and bisegment II+III (left lateral section) 5% to 27% of TLV. Bisegment II+III contributed less than 20% of TLV in more than 75% of patients and the left liver contributed 25% or less of TLV in more than 10% of patients. DISCUSSION: There is clinically significant interpatient variation in hepatic volumes. Therefore, in the absence of appreciable hypertrophy, we recommend routine measurement of the future liver remnant before extended right hepatectomy (right trisectionectomy) and in selected patients before right hepatectomy if a small left liver is anticipated.

Simulation of soybean growth and yield under northeastern Amazon climatic conditions

The objective of this work was to parameterize, calibrate, and validate a new version of the soybean growth and yield model developed by Sinclair, under natural field conditions in northeastern Amazon. The meteorological data and the values of soybean growth and leaf area were obtained from an agrometeorological experiment carried out in Paragominas, PA, Brazil, from 2006 to 2009. The climatic conditions during the experiment were very distinct, with a slight reduction in rainfall in 2007, due to the El Niño phenomenon. There was a reduction in the leaf area index (LAI) and in biomass production during this year, which was reproduced by the model. The simulation of the LAI had root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.55 to 0.82 m² m-2, from 2006 to 2009. The simulation of soybean yield for independent data showed a RMSE of 198 kg ha-1, i.e., an overestimation of 3%. The model was calibrated and validated for Amazonian climatic conditions, and can contribute positively to the improvement of the simulations of the impacts of land use change in the Amazon region. The modified version of the Sinclair model is able to adequately simulate leaf area formation, total biomass, and soybean yield, under northeastern Amazon climatic conditions.

Capacidade antioxidante e composição química de grãos integrais de gergelim creme e preto

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição química, estimar o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos solúveis totais e de fitatos, e avaliar a capacidade antioxidante de grãos integrais de gergelim (Sesamum indicum) creme e preto. Amostras de ambos os tipos de grão foram submetidas a tratamento térmico em estufa de circulação de ar a 150ºC por 10 min e trituradas até granulometria de 20 mesh. O gergelim creme apresentou maior teor de lipídios, carboidratos, fibra alimentar solúvel e valor calórico, enquanto o gergelim preto apresentou maior teor de fibras alimentares insolúvel e total. O gergelim preto apresentou teor de compostos fenólicos solúveis totais de 261,9±7,5 mg em equivalente de ácido gálico (EAG) por 100 g de farinha, aproximadamente duas vezes superior ao do gergelim creme (147,5±31,7 mg por 100 g de EAG). O teor de fitatos do gergelim creme foi duas vezes inferior ao do gergelim preto (0,66±0,06 e 1,36±0,04 g por 100 g de ácido fítico, respectivamente). O gergelim preto apresenta maior potencial funcional relacionado à atividade antioxidante. Contudo, ambos os tipos de gergelim analisados podem ser considerados fontes de compostos antioxidantes naturais.

Características agronômicas de bananeiras tipo Prata sob diferentes sistemas de irrigação

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características agronômicas de bananeiras tipo Prata em três ciclos de produção, sob diferentes sistemas de irrigação, em condições semiáridas. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 3x2: três sistemas de irrigação - aspersão convencional, microaspersão e gotejamento - e dois genótipos - 'Prata-Anã' e PA42-44. Utilizaram-se quatro repetições e parcelas com seis plantas úteis. À época do florescimento, avaliaram-se: altura de planta; perímetro de pseudocaule; número de folhas vivas; comprimento e largura da terceira folha; área foliar total e índice de área foliar. À colheita, avaliaram-se: massa do cacho e das pencas; massa média das pencas; massa das três primeiras pencas; número de pencas e de frutos; massa, comprimento e diâmetro de fruto; e número de folhas vivas. O sistema de irrigação por gotejamento proporciona menor vigor, expresso pelo porte e perímetro do pseudocaule, para bananeiras tipo Prata, em comparação aos sistemas de irrigação por aspersão e microaspersão. A 'Prata-Anã' apresenta maior número de frutos e de pencas por cacho, enquanto seu híbrido PA42-44 apresenta maior massa, comprimento e diâmetro do fruto.

Desempenho e características das carcaças de novilhos superprecoces em pastos hibernais submetidos a intensidades de pastejo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de intensidades de pastejo na terminação de novilhos superprecoces, em pastagens de inverno em sucessão à soja. Foram avaliadas diferentes alturas de pré-pastejo de pastos mistos de azevém e aveia: 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm. Empregou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram utilizados machos mestiços de raças de corte, inteiros, com idade de 10 meses e peso médio inicial de 192±12 kg. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: massa e oferta de forragem, altura do pasto, taxa de acúmulo diário e acúmulo total de forragem, ganho de peso médio diário (GMD), carga animal e ganho de peso vivo por unidade de área (GPA), além de características qualitativas de carcaça. Os novilhos foram abatidos aos 14 meses de idade. O GMD ajustou-se a um modelo de regressão quadrático e teve o ponto de máximo desempenho entre 20 e 25 cm de altura de pré-pastejo, enquanto o GPA ajustou-se a um modelo linear negativo. A qualidade da carcaça dos novilhos foi satisfatória, quando os pastos foram manejados em alturas superiores a 10 cm. É possível produzir carcaças de novilhos superprecoces, na fase de pastagem de sistemas integrados de produção, durante o inverno, em sucessão à soja. O manejo de pastos mistos de azevém e aveia, em alturas entre 20 e 25 cm, otimiza o desempenho animal individual e por área.

Dual-purpose wheat grain and animal production under different grazing periods

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different grazing periods on beef animal production and on wheat forage and grain yield. The experiment was carried out in Pato Branco, PR, Brazil. Six grazing periods were evaluated (0, 21, 42, 63, 84, and 105 days) on dual-purpose wheat cultivar BRS Tarumã. Purunã steers, with average live weight of 162 kg and ten months of age, were kept under continuous grazing using a variable stocking rate, in order to maintain the established sward height of 25 cm. Greater increases in total animal gain (TAG) occurred with longer grazing periods. However, there was little increase after 63 days (490 kg ha-1), and TAG decreased from 552 to 448 kg ha-1 between 84 and 105 days. Grain yield decreased from 2,830 to 610 kg ha-1 when the grazing period increased from 0 to 105 days, but there was little change after 63 days (750 kg ha-1). Cultivar BRS Tarumã shows excellent animal production potential, and the decision on how long wheat pastures should be grazed must be based on relative prices of grain and livestock.

Pediatric reference intervals for plasma free and total metanephrines established with a parametric approach: Relevance to the diagnosis of neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Urine catecholamines, vanillylmandelic, and homovanillic acid are recognized biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma. Plasma free (f) and total (t) normetanephrine (NMN), metanephrine (MN) and methoxytyramine (MT) could represent a convenient alternative to those urine markers. The primary objective of this study was to establish pediatric centile charts for plasma metanephrines. Secondarily, we explored their diagnostic performance in 10 patients with neuroblastoma. PROCEDURE: We recruited 191 children (69 females) free of neuroendocrine disease to establish reference intervals for plasma metanephrines, reported as centile curves for a given age and sex based on a parametric method using fractional polynomials models. Urine markers and plasma metanephrines were measured in 10 children with neuroblastoma at diagnosis. Plasma total metanephrines were measured by HPLC with coulometric detection and plasma free metanephrines by tandem LC-MS. RESULTS: We observed a significant age-dependence for tNMN, fNMN, and fMN, and a gender and age-dependence for tMN, fNMN, and fMN. Free MT was below the lower limit of quantification in 94% of the children. All patients with neuroblastoma at diagnosis were above the 97.5th percentile for tMT, tNMN, fNMN, and fMT, whereas their fMN and tMN were mostly within the normal range. As expected, urine assays were inconstantly predictive of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: A continuous model incorporating all data for a given analyte represents an appealing alternative to arbitrary partitioning of reference intervals across age categories. Plasma metanephrines are promising biomarkers for neuroblastoma, and their performances need to be confirmed in a prospective study on a large cohort of patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:587-593. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Factors predisposing to dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty: a multivariate analysis.

We conducted this study to determine the relative influence of various mechanical and patient-related factors on the incidence of dislocation after primary total hip asthroplasty (THA). Of 2,023 THAs, 21 patients who had at least 1 dislocation were compared with a control group of 21 patients without dislocation, matched for age, gender, pathology, and year of surgery. Implant positioning, seniority of the surgeon, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and diminished motor coordination were recorded. Data analysis included univariate and multivariate methods. The dislocation risk was 6.9 times higher if total anteversion was not between 40 degrees and 60 degrees and 10 times higher in patients with high ASA scores. Surgeons should pay attention to total anteversion (cup and stem) of THA. The ASA score should be part of the preoperative assessment of the dislocation risk.

Eficiência da seleção para incremento do teor de óleo do pinhão-manso

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos de características de qualidade de grãos de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) e quantificar o progresso genético da seleção. O teor de óleo dos grãos e os pesos de grãos, amêndoas e casca de 120 plantas, selecionadas ao acaso em plantio comercial, foram avaliados aos 36 e 48 meses de cultivo. O progresso genético foi quantificado por meio da avaliação dos ganhos diretos e da utilização de índices de seleção. O efeito da interação genótipos x medição foi significativo para todas as características avaliadas; portanto, há genótipos com comportamento diferenciado nas duas colheitas. Os parâmetros genéticos indicaram predominância da variação genotípica na expressão das características avaliadas, e observou-se tendência de manutenção da superioridade dos genótipos ao longo do tempo. O índice de seleção genótipo-ideótipo resultou em maior ganho total e promoveu alteração mais equilibrada na média das características. A seleção direta para peso de amêndoa resulta em ganhos totais semelhantes aos obtidos com a utilização dos índices de seleção.

Total and exogenous carbohydrate oxidation in obese prepubertal children.

The aim was to explore whether the origin of carbohydrate oxidation (exogenous compared with endogenous carbohydrate) after consumption of a mixed meal was influenced by obesity in children. Ten obese prepubertal children 8 y of age (44.2 +/- 3.6 kg) were studied over 9.5 h and compared with eight normal-weight, matched control children (28.5 +/- 1.6 kg). They were fed a mixed meal containing naturally enriched [13C]carbohydrate (cane sugar and popcorn) providing 55% of the daily energy requirement as measured by 24-h resting metabolic rate. Total carbohydrate oxidation was calculated by indirect calorimetry (hood system) whereas exogenous carbohydrate oxidation was estimated from carbon dioxide production (VCO2), the isotopic enrichment of breath 13CO2, and the abundance of [13C]carbohydrate in the meal ingested. The time course of 13CO2 in breath-measured over 570 min-followed a similar pattern in both groups. Although total carbohydrate oxidation was not significantly different among the two groups, exogenous carbohydrate utilization was significantly greater (P < 0.03) and endogenous carbohydrate oxidation was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in obese compared with control children. In addition, the rate of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation expressed as a proportion of total carbohydrate oxidation was positively related to the body fat of the children (r = 0.68, P < 0.01). The study suggests that in the postprandial phase, a smaller proportion of carbohydrate oxidation is accounted for by glycogen breakdown in obese children. The sparing of endogenous glycogen may result from decreased glycogen turnover already present at an early age.

Comportamento ingestivo, consumo de forragem e desempenho de cabritas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de suplementação

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no comportamento ingestivo, consumo diário de forragem e desempenho de cabritas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de suplementação, em pastagem de aveia‑preta (Avena strigosa, 'IAPAR 61'). Foram utilizadas 36 cabritas da raça Boer, com 10 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 21 kg, que receberam suplementação alimentar com milho moído e farelo de soja a 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5% do peso vivo, em pastejo de lotação contínua com taxa de lotação variável. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Foram avaliados: altura, taxa de acúmulo, massa, oferta e estrutura da pastagem; carga animal; ganho de peso individual e por área; e tempo de pastejo, ruminação e ócio (comportamento ingestivo); além do consumo de forragem. A suplementação diminuiu o consumo de forragem - 2,4, 1,45, 1,43 e 1,05% do peso vivo, nos tratamentos com 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5%, respectivamente -, o tempo de pastejo diário e o ganho de peso individual. Os níveis de suplementação não alteraram o consumo total de matéria seca (forragem + concentrado) e nem o tempo de ruminação, mas aumentaram o tempo de ócio, o que permitiu maior desempenho dos animais por área.

Micromeasurement of total and regional CO2 productions in the one-day-old chick embryo.

A conductometric micromethod combined with image analysis system has been developed allowing to determine the CO2 production within 'two-dimensional' tissues, i.e., flat and thin cell layers or epithelial sheets. The preparation was mounted into an airtight chamber separated in two compartments by a thin silicone membrane permeable to gases. The lower compartment contained the nutritive medium and the preparation. The upper compartment and a conductivity measuring capillary connected in series were perfused with a solution of Ba(OH)2. The CO2 produced by the tissue precipitated as BaCO3 and the resulting decrease of electrical conductivity was linearly related to the total CO2 production. In addition, the pattern of CO2 production was directly observable as the BaCO3 crystals formed upon the silicone membrane over the regions which produced CO2. The spatial distribution of the crystals was quantified by video image processing and the regional CO2 production evaluated with a spatial resolution of 100 microns. This new microtechnique was originally developed to study the CO2 production in the early chick blastoderm which is a disc 1-5 cells thick. At the stage of young neurula the CO2 production was found to be 235 +/- 37 nmol.h-1 (mean +/- SD; n = 10) per blastoderm and large variations of local CO2 production were detected from one region to another (from 0.6 to 6.5 nmol.h-1.mm-2). These results indicate a high metabolic and functional differentiation of cells within the blastoderm. The possible applications and improvements of such a microtechnique are discussed.