Towards Intelligent Structures: Active Control of Buckling

The buckling of compressively-loaded members is one of the most important factors limiting the overall strength and stability of a structure. I have developed novel techniques for using active control to wiggle a structural element in such a way that buckling is prevented. I present the results of analysis, simulation, and experimentation to show that buckling can be prevented through computer-controlled adjustment of dynamical behavior.sI have constructed a small-scale railroad-style truss bridge that contains compressive members that actively resist buckling through the use of piezo-electric actuators. I have also constructed a prototype actively controlled column in which the control forces are applied by tendons, as well as a composite steel column that incorporates piezo-ceramic actuators that are used to counteract buckling. Active control of buckling allows this composite column to support 5.6 times more load than would otherwise be possible.sThese techniques promise to lead to intelligent physical structures that are both stronger and lighter than would otherwise be possible.

Computer System for Visual Recognition Using Active Knowledge

A system for visual recognition is described, with implications for the general problem of representation of knowledge to assist control. The immediate objective is a computer system that will recognize objects in a visual scene, specifically hammers. The computer receives an array of light intensities from a device like a television camera. It is to locate and identify the hammer if one is present. The computer must produce from the numerical "sensory data" a symbolic description that constitutes its perception of the scene. Of primary concern is the control of the recognition process. Control decisions should be guided by the partial results obtained on the scene. If a hammer handle is observed this should suggest that the handle is part of a hammer and advise where to look for the hammer head. The particular knowledge that a handle has been found combines with general knowledge about hammers to influence the recognition process. This use of knowledge to direct control is denoted here by the term "active knowledge". A descriptive formalism is presented for visual knowledge which identifies the relationships relevant to the active use of the knowledge. A control structure is provided which can apply knowledge organized in this fashion actively to the processing of a given scene.

A highly active palladium-phosphoramidite catalyst for the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl bromides

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides with aiylboronic acids using phosphoramidite ligand 2c was developed. The phosphoramidite ligands are cost-effective and easily prepared from inexpensive, commercially available starting materials using a simple, efficient method. It represents an advance toward the discovery of low-cost catalyst systems for eventual availability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Filtro de difusão complexa não-linear para atenuação de ruídos: implementação Java.

Filtro de difusão complexa não linear. Aspecto da implementação. Estudo de caso.

Filtro de difusão linear complexa para detecção de bordas: implementação Java.

O objetivo deste comunicado é mostrar a implementação Java do filtro de difusão linear complexa para a detecção de bordas.

Filtro Schen-Castan (ISEF) para detecção de borda.

Com esta publicação, dá-se prosseguimento na implementação de algoritmos úteis para a detecção de bordas, atividade importante também no campo de visão por computador. O objetivo maior dessas implementações é a constituição de uma biblioteca de processamento de imagens em Java, como software livre, sob a General Public License - GNU, conforme publicada pela Free Software Foundation. Todas as implementações encontram-se disponíveis no diretório da Rede Agrolivre ().

Implementação Java do filtro de Marr e Hildreth para detecção de bordas.

O objetivo desta publicação é apresentar a implementação Java do algoritmo de Marr e Hildreth (Marr & Hildreth, 1980) para a detecção de bordas. O objetivo maior das implementações é a construção de uma biblioteca de processamento de imagens em Java, como software livre, sob a licença GPL (General Public License) conforme publicada pela Free Software Foundation.

Filtro de Canny para detecção de bordas: implementação Java.

O objetivo deste comunicado é apresentar a implementação JavaTM do filtro para detecção de bordas de Canny (Canny, 1986). A implementação é uma necessidade de uso em projetos desenvolvidos na Embrapa Informática Agropecuária na área de processamento de imagens aplicado à agropecuária.

Valve surgery in active infective endocarditis: a simple score to predict in-hospital prognosis

Aims Surgery for infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high mortality. Our objectives were to describe the experience with surgical treatment for IE in Spain, and to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality. Methods Prospective cohort of 1000 consecutive patients with IE. Data were collected in 26 Spanish hospitals. Results Surgery was performed in 437 patients (43.7%). Patients treated with surgery were younger and predominantly male. They presented fewer comorbid conditions and more often had negative blood cultures and heart failure. In-hospital mortality after surgery was lower than in the medical therapy group (24.3 vs 30.7%, p = 0.02). In patients treated with surgery, endocarditis involved a native valve in 267 patients (61.1%), a prosthetic valve in 122 (27.9%), and a pacemaker lead with no clear further valve involvement in 48 (11.0%). The most common aetiologies were Staphylococcus (186, 42.6%), Streptococcus (97, 22.2%), and Enterococcus (49, 11.2%). The main indications for surgery were heart failure and severe valve regurgitation. A risk score for in-hospital mortality was developed using 7 prognostic variables with a similar predictive value (OR between 1.7 and 2.3): PALSUSE: prosthetic valve, age ≥ 70, large intracardiac destruction, Staphylococcus spp, urgent surgery, sex [female], EuroSCORE ≥ 10. In-hospital mortality ranged from 0% in patients with a PALSUSE score of 0 to 45.4% in patients with PALSUSE score > 3. Conclusions The prognosis of IE surgery is highly variable. The PALSUSE score could help to identify patients with higher in-hospital mortality.