Meteorological records from the Vernagtferner basin - Gletschermitte Station, for the years 1968 to 1987

The first meteorological station in the Vernagtferner basin, called 'Gletschermitte' was run from 1968 to 1987. It was positioned on a small rock in the western part of the glacier at an elevation of 3078 m a.s.l. The coordinates were 46.868939° N (Latitude) and 10.802986° E (Longitude). The following parameters were recorded mainly during the summer months: Wind speed and wind direction, air temperature and humidity of the air and precipitation. The records of the first four parameters comprise hourly values from 1968 to 1986 /1987, daily sums of precipitation run from 1977 to 1987. All quantities were recorded on paper chart, i.e. 'Woelfle-Windschreiber' for the wind components, mechanically driven thermo-hygrographs (1968 to 1975) and 'BTW-Langzeit-Thermo-Hygrograph' (1977 to 1987) for temperature and humidity, Belfort analogue weighing gauge for precipitation. In 1976, air temperature was recorded on a Schenk paper chart recorder. In addition, photographs of the eastern part of Vernagtferner were taken once a day in summer between 1981 and 1986.

Hydrological and meteorological records from the Vernagtferner Basin - Vernagtbach station, for the years 2002 to 2012

In November 2001, two separate Campbell loggers ("Meteologger" and "Hydrologger", both type CR23X) were installed at the Vernagtbach site in the Oetztal Alps, Austria (Latitude: 46.85; Longitude: 10.82; Elevation: 2640 m). On these loggers, 10-minutes centred averages for the meteorological data and 5-minutes centred averages for the hydrological data are recorded. The meteorological parameters comprise air temperature, humidity of the air, air pressure, four radiation components, wind direction and speed, precipitation and snow height. For air temperature, two records are published, recorded with a ventilated and an unventilated Pt-100 in a Stevenson screen; for precipitation, three time series are available: (I) the cumulative record of a weighing gauge for the whole year, (II) single events derived from (I), and (III) single events from a tipping bucket; (II) and (III) are only provided for the period 1, May to 31, October of each year. Wind records are also given with a time step of one hour, as only these records include several statistics of speed and direction. Hydrological parameters are recorded on the "Hydrologger", they comprise water stage, discharge, water temperature and electrolytic conductivity of the water. An identifying number gives the kind of instrument used in the water stage time series. Daily photographs of the glacier are provided and analysed with respect to precipitation type.

Pollen records of profile Krumbach from southern Germany

Some years ago a fossil lake basin was found in the northeastern part of the former Rhine-pied- mont-glacier, situated between the endmoraine system ofthe elassical Riß- andWürm glacia- tions, respectively. The lacustrine sediments contain the pollenflora ofthe Eemian interglacial. They are intensively thrusted. These sediments are eovered by a loam-layer, rieh in elasts. The thickness of this loam-layer varies between at least 170 and 400 cm. It consists in its major part of loess-loam and solifluction material. Yet just on top of the lake sediments mentioned an in- tensively compressed loam, characterized by quarzgrains with all features of glacially pressed material, together with striated elasts is met with. It strongly resembles atil!. Ifthis is true, the stratigraphie division ofthe last glaciation strongly deviates from the hitherto accepted scheme, incorporating an early glacier advance, long before the elassical young-endmoraine systems of the Würm glaciation were formed.