Perfil de déficit y políticas de vivienda de interés social: situación de algunos países de la región en los noventa

Incluye Bibliografía

Aplicabilidad del proceso de nitritación/desnitritación en el tratamiento de lixiviado de relleno sanitario

The biological nitritation/denitritation process in the removal of organic matter and nitrogen in a landfill leachate was studied, using an activated sludge sequencing batch reactor. Treatment cycles were formed by an anoxic and an aerobic phases, in which the conditions for oxidation of the influent N load and the prevalence of nitrite concentration at the end of aerobic treatment cycles were determined, as well as the use of organic matter present in the leachate as a carbon source for denitrifying organisms in the anoxic stage. The removal efficiencies of N-NO 2-at the end of the anoxic process (48h) ranged between 14 and 30%, indicating low availability of biodegradable organic matter in the leachate. As for the accumulation of N-NO 2-at the end of the aerobic phase (48h) of treatment cycles, imbalances were not observed, while 100% removal efficiencies of N and specific nitritation rates from 0.095 to 0.158kgN-NH 3/kgSSV per day were recorded, demonstrating the applicability of simplified nitrification in the treatment of effluents with low C/N ratios.

El factor institucional en los resultados y desafíos de la política de vivienda de interés social en Chile

Incluye Bibliografía

La política de vivienda de interés social en Colombia en los noventa

Incluye Bibliografía

El factor institucional en reformas a la política de vivienda de interés social: la experiencia reciente de Costa Rica

Incluye Bibliografía

Políticas de viviendas de interés social orientadas al mercado: experiencias recientes con subsidios a la demanda en Chile, Costa Rica y Colombia

Incluye Bibliografía

Efecto del cambio climático en el costo de los eventos de interés en salud pública en Colombia: estudio de caso sobre malaria y dengue

Incluye Bibliografía

¿Hacia dónde va el gasto público en educación?: logros y desafíos, volumen II: reformas sectoriales y grupos de interés

Incluye Bibliografía

Grupos de interés e interacciones comunicativas en las reformas sociales en América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Bolivia: equidad y grupos de interés en la reforma educativa

Incluye Bibliografía

Dinámica del suelo y estoque de carbono después de diez años de la restauración de tierras degradadas usando especies arbóreas del bosque atlántico

Brazil's Atlantic Forest ecosystem has been greatly affected by land use changes, with only 11.26% of its original vegetation cover remaining. Currently, Atlantic Forest restoration is receiving increasing attention because of its potential for carbon sequestration and the important role of soil carbon in the global carbon balance. Soil organic matter is also essential for physical, chemical and biological components of soil fertility and forest sustainability. This study evaluated the potential for soil recovery in contrasting restoration models using indigenous Atlantic Forest tree species ten years after their establishment. The study site is located in Botucatu municipality, São Paulo State-Brazil, in a loamy dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol site (Typic Hapludult). Four treatments were compared: i) Control (Spontaneous Restoration); ii) Low Diversity (five fast-growing tree species established by direct seeding); iii) High Diversity (mixed plantings of 41 species established with seedlings) and; iv) Native Forest (well conserved neighboring forest fragment). The following soil properties were evaluated: (1) physical-texture, density and porosity; (2) chemical-C, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Al and pH; (3) biological-microbial biomass. Litter nutrient concentrations (P, S, K, Ca and Mg) and C and N litter stocks were determined. Within ten years the litter C and N stocks of the Low Diversity treatment area were higher than Control and similar to those in both the High Diversity treatment and the Native Forest. Soil C stocks increased through time for both models and in the Control plots, but remained highest in the Native Forest. The methods of restoration were shown to have different effects on soil dynamics, mainly on chemical properties. These results show that, at least in the short-term, changes in soil properties are more rapid in a less complex system like the Low Diversity model than in the a High Species Diversity model. For both mixed plantation systems, carbon soil cycling can be reestablished, resulting in increases in carbon stocks in both soil and litter.

Registro de causas de muerte por personal no médico en encuestas demográficas o encuestas de hogares

Incluye Bibliografía

Estadísticas de servicio en programas de salud materno infantil y planificación familiar: experiencia en el Servicio Médico Nacional de Empleados (SERMENA) de Valparaíso: anexo 2

Incluye Bibliografía

Estadísticas de servicio en programas de salud materno infantil y planificación familiar: experiencia en el Servicio Médico Nacional de Empleados (SERMENA) de Valparaíso: anexo 3

Incluye Bibliografía