997 resultados para Efeitos colaterais e reações adversas relacionados a vacinas
Resumo:
O Módulo está organizado em três unidades de aprendizagem: Ética e medicalização, Educação em saúde e Estudos dos aspectos técnicos e legais relacionados aos medicamentos homeopáticos e seus impactos na assistência farmacêutica. Tais conteúdos objetivam complementar a formação do aluno em Gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica. Desta forma, a primeira unidade objetiva aprofundar o conceito de ética e bioética, fazendo a ligação com a prática profissional. Na segunda unidade, são discutido os modelos de práticas educativas em saúde e a relação da educação em saúde com a promoção da saúde. E por fim, a unidade 3 objetiva discutir compreender as aplicações da homeopatia e identificar os aspectos técnicos e legais relacionados aos medicamentos homeopáticos na gestão da assistência farmacêutica.
Resumo:
O conteúdo aborda os conceitos básicos sobre medicamentos, permitindo a diferenciação destes conceitos, bem como o entendimento da situação histórica do setor e a política farmacêutica no Brasil. O conteúdo possibilita a compreensão de que os aspectos legais relacionados aos medicamentos nunca são definitivos, e sim algo em constante movimento e revisão. Na gestão da assistência farmacêutica, os aspectos técnicos relacionados à qualidade de medicamentos são de grande relevância, contribuindo para que se adquiram medicamentos seguros, eficazes e de qualidade. A abordagem sobre a qualidade de medicamentos é bastante ampla, por isso, procurou-se destacar aqueles aspectos técnicos que podem ter um maior impacto em algumas das etapas desse processo de gestão, tais como boas práticas de fabricação, aspectos de controle de qualidade e de estabilidade e aspectos de vigilância sanitária. O conteúdo apresenta, também, o processo de construção da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC) – SUS, relacionando-o com a história do uso das plantas medicinais, o seu potencial terapêutico e o seu uso como fonte de medicamentos. O conteúdo segue apresentando as resoluções sobre o registro de medicamentos fitoterápicos e seus impactos na eficácia, segurança e qualidade, por meio de uma trajetória histórica das regulamentações no Brasil e no mundo. Ao final desta Unidade, abordam-se ainda as potencialidades e os riscos da Fitoterapia no SUS e os critérios para seleção e qualificação de fornecedores de fitoterápicos.
Resumo:
Na gestão da assistência farmacêutica, os aspectos técnicos relacionados à qualidade de medicamentos são de grande relevância, contribuindo para que se adquiram medicamentos seguros, eficazes e de qualidade. A abordagem sobre a qualidade de medicamentos é bastante ampla, por isso, procurou-se destacar aqueles aspectos técnicos que podem ter um maior impacto em algumas das etapas desse processo de gestão, tais como boas práticas de fabricação, aspectos de controle de qualidade e de estabilidade e aspectos de vigilância sanitária. Ao final do material, espera-se que o aluno reconheça a importância do certificado de cumprimento das Boas Práticas de Fabricação para assegurar a qualidade de medicamentos, possibilitando ainda a realização da avaliação crítica dos laudos de controle de qualidade de medicamentos e a verificação da conformidade desses produtos quanto aos requisitos técnicos, notificando possíveis desvios de qualidade.
Resumo:
Os benzodiazepínicos (BZDs) são medicamentos amplamente utilizados na prática clínica, sendo uma das drogas mais receitadas no mundo. Têm como principais funções farmacológicas: sedativo, hipnótico, relaxante muscular, anticonvulsivante e ansiolítico. Porém, se não forem bem indicados, com dosagens e tempos de uso específicos, podem levar a dependência, tolerância e abstinência. O uso crônico destas medicações tem se mostrado um problema de saúde pública em muitos países. A falta de informação e a baixa percepção dos efeitos deletérios advindos deste uso - por usuários e profissionais - são os principais fatores que levaram ao quadro atual. O projeto surgiu através da percepção deste problema na Unidade Básica de Saúde da Rasa, em Ponte Nova-MG, no ano de 2014. O plano de ação tem como objetivo descontinuar o uso crônico de BZDs entre os usuários, para que se tenha, sobretudo, uma melhora na qualidade de vida desta população. Após realizado o diagnóstico situacional, análise dos problemas e atores envolvidos foram elaboradas ações que agissem nos nós críticos identificados. A primeira operação visa o estímulo a mudanças de hábito de vida e higiene do sono, para que haja redução da ansiedade, estímulo à alimentação saudável e melhora da qualidade do sono. A segunda ação planejada visa descontinuar o uso crônico de BZDs e reduzir a prescrição indiscriminada através da conscientização da população e de toda a equipe de saúde. O projeto visa, ao final, garantir uma adequação dos hábitos de vida, prescrição consciente dos medicamentos, uso racional por parte dos usuários levando a uma redução/eliminação dos efeitos indesejados e, certamente, uma melhoria importante na qualidade de vida da comunidade
Resumo:
Os Benzodiazepínicos (BZDs) são drogas que agem diretamente no sistema nervoso central com ação ansiolítica, podendo alterar aspectos cognitivos e psicomotores. Dentre seus principais efeitos terapêuticos, tem-se: sedação, hipnose e relaxamento muscular, porém os efeitos secundários ao uso da droga exigem que a mesma seja indicada com critério, evitando o uso indiscriminadoa. O trabalho objetivou a proposição de um Plano de Intervenção com vistas a reduzir o uso indiscriminado de benzodiazepínicos pelos usuários idosos da Estratégia de Saúde da Família II, no município de Palma - Minas Gerais. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura a fim de embasamento teórico para proposição das ações que deveriam conter no Plano de Intervenções. Para operacionalização do Plano de Intervenção foram utilizados o Método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional - PES e uma Revisão de Literatura sobre o tema. Como resultado final obteve-se planos de ações voltados para a redução do uso de BZD entre a população idosa do município de Palma. Como considerações finais tem-se que o controle deste problema não acontece de forma rápida e depende da cultura e da experiência dos envolvidos. No entanto, deve haver um esforço por parte dos profissionais de saúde, uma vez que há possibilidade de mudança e enfrentamento desta situação. Consideramos que é de fundamental importância verificar e analisar a utilização dessa classe medicamentosa em indivíduos idosos, para assegurar a assistência e a segurança, bem como um envelhecimento com qualidade.
Resumo:
In insects that utilize patchy and ephemeral resources for feeding and egg laying, the outcome of larval competition for food resources depends on the amount of resources and the spatial distribution of immatures among patches of food. In the present study, the results of larval competition for food in Chrysomya megacephala, in traits such as female weight, fecundity and reproductive investment, were different in situations where the level of larval aggregation (proportion of competitors per amount of food) was the same, but with densities of competitors and amounts of food proportionally different. These results are indicative that the larval competition may depend both on the larval density and the amount of food, in different situations with the same proportion of larvae per gram of food.
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This article is divided into two parts. The first presents two abstract arguments that constitute the starting point for the development of the second part, which is directed towards discussing some aspects of the distance learning policies, i.e., the role of public authorities in encouraging and shaping this type of education. First of all, it is intended to establish some assumptions to understand the emergence of this phenomenon and some of its conditioning factors and consequences; then to suggest some analytical tools to allow us to reflect on public policy in this area.
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Knowing the importance that the poultry industry represents for the Brazilian economy, this work, searched to understand and to identify new welfare pointers inherent to the animal that contributed for the increase of the productive effectiveness, studying different behavior reactions in broiler breeders, in climatic chamber. The experiment was delineated as a Latin Square 3x3x3, where the variable: temperature of air, birds ration and birds age had been controlled. The birds of different ages had been lodged in distinct boxes. Observations of the behavior of the birds in two schedules of the day had been made, being one in the morning and the other one in the afternoon, during a period of 15 minutes each through video cameras, installed in the ceiling of the climatic chamber, having no interference of human being in the register of the data. It was verified the influence of the controlled variables in diverse observed behaviors where it was concluded that the presence of food resulted in bigger occurrences of aggressiveness reactions.
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The covering of the soil is an agricultural practice that intends to control the harmful herbs, to reduce the losses of water by evaporation of the soil, and to facilitate the harvest and the commercialization, once the product is cleaner and healthier. However, when the soil is covered important microclimatic parameters are also altered, and consequently the germination of seeds, the growth of roots, the absorption of water and nutrients, the metabolic activity of the plants and the carbohydrates storage. The current trial intended to evaluate the effect of soil covering with blue colored film on consumptive water-use in a lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa, L.). The experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse in Araras - São Paulo State, Brazil from March 3rd, 2001 to May 5th, 2001. The consumptive water-use was measured through two weighing lysimeter installed inside the greenhouse. Crop spacing was 0.25 m x 0.25 m and the color of the film above soil was blue. Leaf area index (IAF), was measured six times (7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 40 days after transplant) and the water-use efficiency (EU) was measured at the end. The experimental design was subdivided portions with two treatments, bare soil and covered soil. The average consumptive water-use was 4.17 mm day-1 to the bare soil treatment and 3.11 mm day-1 to the covered soil treatment. The final leaf area index was 25.23 to the bare soil treatment and 24.39 to the covered soil treatment, and there was no statistical difference between then.
Resumo:
Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and are among the crops that have one of the highest post-harvest losses indexes in the country. The present work aimed at evaluating impact damage observed in packing lines of fresh tomatoes as well as to determine, under laboratory conditions, quality alterations of tomato fruits submitted to impact damage in different surface types. Critical points evaluation was accomplished using an instrumented sphere. Critical transference points found showed variations in acceleration levels from 30 to 129 G (m s-2). Tests carried out under laboratory conditions showed that padded surfaces reduced up to 31% impact damage. Incidence of severe internal physical damage was evaluated by a subjective scale and increased by 79% on hard surfaces for the highest fall drop. On the other hand, it was observed an effective reduction in physical damage on fruits when padded surfaces were used. When a 10-cm drop was performed, the maximum reduction measured was 10% for hard surfaces and 5% for previously padded surfaces. For quality parameters, it was observed for high drops on hard surfaces, highest values for weight loss, total acidity, lower values for vitamin C and Soluble Solids.
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The aim of this study was to test fear, anxiety and control related to dental treatment. The subjects were 364 children with ages between 7 and 13 years. Three questionnaires with multiple choice questions were applied in groups of 10 children. The first instrument was the 15-item dental subscale from the Childrens Fear Survey Schedule9. The subjects rated their level of fear on a 5-point scale. The second survey instrument was the 20-item subscale from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children16. This measure was used to capture how anxious the child was, in general. The third instrument was the Child Dental Control Assessment19. It contained 20 items to assess perceived control and 20 items to assess desired control. The results of the survey indicated that dental fear and anxiety were slightly higher for females when compared with male subjects (P < 0.05). Older children (11 to 13 years old) obtained higher fear scores than younger ones (7 to 9 years old). Concerning perceived control, the results indicate that younger children perceive more control than older ones. For desired control, the results indicate that younger children reported higher percentages than older ones. In this study, patients who had undergone anesthesia during treatment revealed higher fear scores when compared with those who had not. Dental fear etiology seems to be related to a procedure that may involve pain or lack of control.
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Handball is a sport that demands endurance associated with fast and powerful actions such as jumps, blocks, sprints and throws. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 38-week systematic physical training applied to a women's under 21 handball team on upper and lower limb power, 30m sprints speed and endurance. The periodization applied was an adaptation of the Verkhoshansky theory, and aimed at two performance peaks during the season with six data collections. The median and range values for three kg medicine ball throwing was: 2.98m (2.15-3.50); 2.84m (2.43-3.20); 2.90m (2.60-3.38); 3.10 (2.83-3.81); 2.84 (2.55-3.57) and 3.34 (2.93-3.83). Regarding the three-pass running test: 5.60m (4.93-6.58); 5.37m (5.04-6.38); 5.36m (4.93-6.12); 5.65m (4.80-6.78); 5.63m (5.00-6.40) and 5.83m (5.14-6.05). Regarding the 30-m sprint test: 5.8m/s (5.45-6.44); 6,64 m/s (6,24-7,09); 5.65m/s (5.17-5.95); (there was not IV moment for this test); 6.19 m/s (5.57-6.26) and 5.83 (5.14-6.05).Regarding the 30-m sprint endurance test until 10% decrease: 4 sprints (4-6); 5 sprints (4-9); 4,5 sprints (4-16); (there was not IV moment for this test); 6 sprints (4-12) and 5 sprints (4-5). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in three kg medicine ball throwing and three-pass running tests at least in one of the performance peak planned, with no significant differences in 30-m sprint speed or endurance tests. The applied physical training was efficient at improving the specific physical fitness in the performance peaks, as well as giving support for better physical training adjustment for the upcoming season.
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A wild strain of Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from pasteurized milk was evaluated using an experimental model with respect to its adhesion onto stainless steel surfaces and its behaviour when submitted to cleansing and sanification. In milk, the adhesion of the microorganism on to stainless steel surfaces was studied after 6 hours of contact at 45°C with agitation, and after a cleansing process involving cleaning stages with alkaline and acid detergents followed by sanification, in order to evaluate the resistance of the adhered cells. The microorganism adhered to stainless steel surfaces producing a cell load of 10(4) CFU/cm². After alkaline cleansing, no adhered cells were detected but 6 CFU/cm² were still detected on the surfaces after acid cleansing. Cleansing, followed by sanification with sodium hypochlorite, was sufficient to reduce the load of wild S. thermophilus on the stainless steel surfaces to non-detectable levels. The experimental model proved adequate for the study indicating that the wild microorganism S. thermophilus produces biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. Alkaline cleansing remove more that 99.9% of the adhered cells. The few cells adhered on the surface are removed by acid cleansing demonstrating the need to use different steps and types of detergent for efficient cleansing. The best results for the removal of these biofilms are obtained by using alkaline cleansing followed by acid cleaning, this procedure being more efficient when complemented by sanification with sodium hypochlorite.
Resumo:
Purpose: To study the effects of pupillary constriction on frequency doubling perimetry in a group of normal subjects. Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers participated in the study. Only one eye per patient (right eye) underwent frequency doubling perimetry (Full Threshold C-20 strategy). For the second session, one drop of 2% pilocarpine was administered to the volunteers' right eye and the examination was repeated after 60 minutes. Results: Sixty minutes after administration of 2% pilocarpine, there was a significant reduction of the pupillary diameter from 4.22 ± 0.17 mm to 1.55 ± 0.51 mm (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction of the mean retinal sensibility after pupillary constriction. The threshold sensitivity of the central 5º worsened by 5.67 ± 2.49 dB; the area between 2.5º and 10º worsened by 4.49 ± 2.73 dB; and the area between 10º and 20º worsened by 5.10 ± 3.55 dB (p<0.01). A reduction of 4.06 ± 2.67 dB was observed in the mean deviation, as well as an increase of 0.64 ± 0.94 dB in the pattern standard deviation (p<0.01). No differences were observed regarding the number of fixation losses, false-positive and false-negatives responses, and duration of the examination. Conclusion: Changes in pupillary diameter may produce significant declines in threshold sensitivities of the 20º visual field tested by frequency doubling perimetry. These results suggest that is important to maintain a constant pupillary diameter in seriate examinations.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física