The CCRUSH Study: Coarse and fine particulate matter measurements in northeastern Colorado 2009-2012

Coarse (PM10-2.5) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter in the atmosphere adversely affect human health and influence climate. While PM2.5 is relatively well studied, less is known about the sources and fate of PM10-2.5. The Colorado Coarse Rural-Urban Sources and Health (CCRUSH) study measured PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, as well as the fraction of semi-volatile material (SVM) in each size regime (SVM2.5, SVM10-2.5), for three years in Denver and comparatively rural Greeley, Colorado. Agricultural operations east of Greeley appear to have contributed to the peak PM10-2.5 concentrations there, but concentrations were generally lower in Greeley than in Denver. Traffic-influenced sites in Denver had PM10-2.5 concentrations that averaged from 14.6 to 19.7 µg/m**3 and mean PM10-2.5/PM10 ratios of 0.56 to 0.70, higher than at residential sites in Denver or Greeley. PM10-2.5 concentrations were more temporally variable than PM2.5 concentrations. Concentrations of the two pollutants were not correlated. Spatial correlations of daily averaged PM10-2.5 concentrations ranged from 0.59 to 0.62 for pairs of sites in Denver and from 0.47 to 0.70 between Denver and Greeley. Compared to PM10-2.5, concentrations of PM2.5 were more correlated across sites within Denver and less correlated between Denver and Greeley. PM10-2.5 concentrations were highest during the summer and early fall, while PM2.5 and SVM2.5 concentrations peaked in winter during periodic multi-day inversions. SVM10-2.5 concentrations were low at all sites. Diurnal peaks in PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations corresponded to morning and afternoon peaks of traffic activity, and were enhanced by boundary layer dynamics. SVM2.5 concentrations peaked around noon on both weekdays and weekends. PM10-2.5 concentrations at sites located near highways generally increased with wind speeds above about 3 m/s. Little wind speed dependence was observed for the residential sites in Denver and Greeley.

Drawing in Duos: The Journeys and Intersections Collaboration Project Between Istanbul and Worcester

This paper focuses on a collaborative drawing project carried out between two undergraduate drawing courses, one in İstanbul and the other in Worcester, during the Fall 2015 semester. Duos -teams of two working remotely- took turns to work on the same drawing in correspondence for three months by means of communication and sharing the changing images on-line with one another. The project introduced a collaborative method of learning based on drawing, initiated cultural exchange and cooperation. The role of drawing in the project was critical due to the direct but gradual nature of transmitting meaning onto paper. Outcomes of this project consisted of a flexible and playful creation process for students making use of the element of chance. They sought alternate ways to finalize a drawing and experienced the benefits of artistic co-production. The project has the capacity to inspire artists, instructors and others interested in creative partnership in different disciplines and can be of value as an educational model.

La función social de la pesca artesanal costera: el caso de Barra de Colorado

PresentaciónEn 1993, la Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional inició una investigación en la región de las Llanuras del Tortuguero, provincia de Limón, Costa Rica, con el fin social, económico y ambiental de profundizar en el conocimiento de las interacciones presentes en una zona donde los conflictos en torno al uso y la explotación de los recursos naturales han venido en aumento en los últimos años...

Colorado Ute Water Settlement Bill : joint hearing before the Select Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on S. 1415 ... December 3, 1987, Washington, DC.

Bibliography: p. 463-464.

The drawing bazaar

Es sorprendente y paradójica la progresiva reducción de la relevancia sufrida por el dibujo en el ámbito de la enseñanza universitaria en las escuelas de arquitectura a lo largo de las últimas décadas. Digo sorprendente, porque es precisamente el dibujo el lenguaje que permite al arquitecto hacer inteligible su propuesta, tanto a sí mismo como a otros. Y digo paradójica, porque esta restricción lingüística con la que se castiga a los estudiantes de arquitectura se produce en el momento histórico en que las opciones y recursos gráficos a su disposición son máximos. La tecnología digital ha ampliado de manera exponencial el ya de por sí amplísimo vocabulario del dibujo tradicional. Sin embargo, esta ilusionante expansión del universo del lenguaje del dibujo, no se ha visto reflejada en una adaptación de la formación universitaria de características similares. The Drawing Bazaar es el compendio de muchos años de esfuerzo por parte de los autores por proporcionar a sus alumnos de la Universidad Europea de Madrid una solución a esta sorprendente paradoja a la que se enfrentaban, quizá sin ser siquiera completamente conscientes de ello. Para ello han estructurado un libro denso y complejo, con múltiples capas de lectura superpuestas que permiten desde el simple paseo, consulta y disfrute de dibujos de excelentes comunicadores gráficos, arquitectos y no arquitectos, hasta el análisis detallado y experto de las más particulares, eficaces y persuasivas estrategias plásticas.

Gold Science Ghost Drawing #1

Mixed media. 78" x 56", Gold Science Ghost Drawings Series.

Gold Science Ghost Drawing #2

Mixed media. 67" x 50", Gold Science Ghost Drawings Series.

Gold Science Ghost Drawing #5

Mixed media. 105½" x 42", Gold Science Ghost Drawings Series. Private Collection

Ethos and Ideology of Knowledge Organization: Toward Precepts for and Engaged Knowledge Organization Drawing on The Arts and Crafts Movement, Critical Theory, and Žižek

Ethos is the spirit that motivates ideas and practices. When we talk casually about the ethos of a town, state, or country we are describing the fundamental or at least underlying rationale for action, as we see it. Ideology is a way of looking at things.It is the set of ideas that constitute one’s goals, expectations, and actions. In this brief essay I want to create a space where we might talk about the ethos and ideology in knowledge organization from a particular point of view; combining ideas and inspiration from the Arts and Crafts movement of the early Twentieth Century, critical theory in extant knowledge organization work, the work of Slavoj Žižek, and the work of Thich Nhat Hahn on Engaged Buddhism.I will expand more below, but we can say here and now that there are many open questions about ethos and ideology in and of knowledge organization, both its practice and products. Many of them in classification, positioned as they are around identity politics of race, gender, and other marginalized groups, ask the classificationist to be mindful of the choice of terms and relationships between terms. From this work we understand that race and gender requires special consideration, which manifests as a particular concern for the form of representation inside extant schemes. Even with these advances in our understanding there are still other categories about which we must make decisions and take action. For example, there are ethical decisions about fiduciary resource allocation, political decisions about standards adoption, and even broader zeitgeist considerations like the question of Fordist conceptions (Day, 2001; Tennis 2006) of the mechanics of description and representation present in much of today’s practice.Just as taking action in a particular way is an ethical concern, so too is avoiding a lack of action. Scholars in Knowledge Organization have also looked at the absence of what we might call right action in the context of cataloguing and classification. This leads to some problems above, and hints at larger ethical concerns of watching a subtle semantic violence go on without intervention (Bowker and Star, 2001; Bade 2006).The problem is not to act or not act, but how to act or not act in an ethical way, or at least with ethical considerations. The action advocated by an ethical consideration for knowledge organization is an engaged one, and it is here where we can take a nod from contemporary ethical theory advanced by Engaged Buddhism. In this context we can see the manifestation of fourteen precepts that guide ethical action, and warn against lack of action.

UNA COMUNIDAD RURAL Y EL DESARROLLO DE LA PESCA: EN EL CASO DE COLORADO DE ABANGARES

Trata  que a finales de 1970 varias cooperativas pesqueras fueron creadas en comunidades albrededor al Golfo de Nicoya, con el estímulo y apoyo de agencias internacionales e instituciones públicas de Costa Rica. Para promover al desarrollo y mejorar las condiciones socioeconómicas.

Hoja Colorado: Uso de la Tierra

Proyecto de Actualización Cartográfica de usos de la Tierra a escala 1:10.000 GAM de Costa Rica. Elaboración de Cartografía Digital y Ortofotos.

Mapa de amenazas naturales potenciales: Hoja Colorado

Mapa de ubicación de amenazas naturales, con el objetivo de apoyar el proceso de prevención contra desastres naturales en el nivel local.

Public internet access revisited

In recent years the Australian government has dedicated considerable project funds to establish public Internet access points in rural and regional communities. Drawing on data from a major Australian study of the social and economic impact of new technologies on rural areas, this paper explores some of the difficulties rural communities have faced in setting up public access points and sustaining them beyond their project funding. Of particular concern is the way that economic sustainability has been positioned as a measure of the success of such ventures. Government funding has been allocated on the basis of these rural public access points becoming economically self-sustaining. This is problematic on a number of counts. It is therefore argued that these public access points should be reconceptualised as essential community infrastructure like schools and libraries, rather than potential economic enterprises. Author Keywords: Author Keywords: Internet; Public access; Sustainability; Digital divide; Rural Australia

Best after rain : waterfall discharges and the tourist experience

Waterfalls attract tourists because they are aesthetically appealing landscape features that are not part of everyday experience. It is generally understood that falls are usually seen at their best when there is a copious flow of water, especially after heavy rain. Guidebooks often contain this observation when referring to waterfalls, sometimes warning readers that the flow may be severely reduced during dry periods. Indeed, many visitors are disappointed when they see falls at such times. Some are saddened when the discharge of a waterfall has been depleted by the abstraction of water upstream for power generation or other purposes. While, for those in search of the Sublime or merely the superlative, size is often important, small waterfalls can give great pleasure to lovers of landscape beauty. According to guidebooks, however, even these falls are usually best seen after rain. Drawing on tourist and travel literature and personal journals from the eighteenth century to the present, and with reference to examples from different parts of the world, this paper discusses the importance of discharge in the tourist experience of waterfalls.