La police et Twitter : l’utilisation des médias sociaux par les services policiers canadiens

Travail dirigé présenté à l'École de Criminologie en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en criminologie option criminalistique et information

Human Rights Violations in Police Custody

Human rights are the basic rights of every individual against the state or any other public authority as a member of the human family irrespective of any other consideration. Thus every individual of the society has the inherent right to be treated with dignity in all situations including arrest and keeping in custody by the police. Rights of an individual in police custody are protected basically by the Indian Constitution and by various other laws like Code of Criminal Procedure, Evidence Act, Indian Penal Code and Protection of Human Rights Act. The term `custody' is defined neither in procedural nor in substantive laws. The word custody means protective care. The expression `police custody' as used in sec. 27 of Evidence Act does not necessarily mean formal arrest. In India with special reference to Kerala and evolution and development of the concept of human rights and various kinds of human rights violations in police custody in different stages of history. Human rights activists and various voluntary organisations reveals that there are so many factors contributing towards the causes of violations of human rights by police. Sociological causes like ambivalent outlook of the society with respect to the use of third degree methods by the police, economic causes like meager salary and inadequate living conditions, rampant corruption in police service, unnecessary political interference in the crime investigation, work load of police personnel without any time limit and periodic holidays, unnecessary pressure from superior police officers and the general public for speedy detection causing great mental strain to the investigating officers, defective system of recruitment and training, imperfect system of investigation and lack of public co-operation are some of the factors identified in the field survey towards the causes of violations of human rights in police custody.

Police actions with regard to cyberbullying : The Belgian case

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

MAEF dept did??ctic. 'MAEF dept did??ctico'

Resumen tomado de la propia innovaci??n

Les expériences françaises de police de proximité

El artículo explora las experiencias francesas del modelo de policía de proximidad. Con base en la división policial francesa entre la gendarmería de corte militar y la policía nacional, institucional civil. El autor da cuenta de las experiencias de vieja data y el desarrollo que ha tenido la policía de proximidad en Francia. Aunque el modelo fue adoptado de manera reciente en ese país (desde finales de los años 90), la policía francesa ha tenido siempre una vocación de cercanía con los vecinos y los ciudadanos en general. Sin embargo, recientemente las experiencias de policía de proximidad han cedido ante las tareas y políticas de represión impuestas para combatir la delincuencia creciente. Sólo las policías municipales, enteramente dependientes de los alcaldes y tradicionalmente cuestionadas, han suplido tangencialmente este rol de policía cercana a la comunidad. El modelo de policía de proximidad en Francia no ha sido suficientemente evaluado y se encuentra en medio del debate sobre su eficacia real.-----This article examines the French experience with the so called ‘police de proximite’ or ‘proximity police’. Based on the French division of the police force into the gendarmerie, of military nature, and the national police, a civil institution, the autor describes in detail the experiences and developments of the longstanding ‘police de proximite’ in France. Even if the model was established as recently as the late 90’s, the French police force has tended right from its beginnings to be close to neighbours and citizens in general, an experience that has yielded lately to repressive tasks and policies to combat a raising crime rate. Only the local boroughs’police, entirely dependent on the city mayors and traditionally called into question, has marginally played this role of communityclase policing. In short, the proximity policing model has not been sufficiently assessed and its efficiency is now in the middle of intense debate.

The automatic identification and prioritisation of criminal networks from police crime data

The identification of criminal networks is not a routine exploratory process within the current practice of the law enforcement authorities; rather it is triggered by specific evidence of criminal activity being investigated. A network is identified when a criminal comes to notice and any associates who could also be potentially implicated would need to be identified if only to be eliminated from the enquiries as suspects or witnesses as well as to prevent and/or detect crime. However, an identified network may not be the one causing most harm in a given area.. This paper identifies a methodology to identify all of the criminal networks that are present within a Law Enforcement Area, and, prioritises those that are causing most harm to the community. Each crime is allocated a score based on its crime type and how recently the crime was committed; the network score, which can be used as decision support to help prioritise it for law enforcement purposes, is the sum of the individual crime scores.