Rendimiento y precisión diagnóstica de la punción-aspiración con aguja fina guiada por endoscopia en lesiones sólidas del tracto digestivo superior

Programa de doctorado: Avances en Medicina Interna. Bienio 2007-2009. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura

A Flow-Through Analysis of the US Lodging Industry During the Great Recession

Purpose – The objective of this exploratory study is to investigate the “flow-through” or relationship between top-line measures of hotel operating performance (occupancy, average daily rate and revenue per available room) and bottom-line measures of profitability (gross operating profit and net operating income), before and during the recent great recession. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses data provided by PKF Hospitality Research for the period from 2007-2009. A total of 714 hotels were analyzed and various top-line and bottom-line profitability changes were computed using both absolute levels and percentages. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between top and bottom line measures, and to derive flow-through ratios. Findings – The results show that average daily rate (ADR) and occupancy are significantly and positively related to gross operating profit per available room (GOPPAR) and net operating income per available room (NOIPAR). The evidence indicates that ADR, rather than occupancy, appears to be the stronger predictor and better measure of RevPAR growth and bottom-line profitability. The correlations and explained variances are also higher than those reported in prior research. Flow-through ratios range between 1.83 and 1.91 for NOIPAR, and between 1.55 and 1.65 for GOPPAR, across all chain-scales. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of this study include the limited number of years in the study period, limited number of hotels in a competitive set, and self-selection of hotels by the researchers. Practical implications – While ADR and occupancy work in combination to drive profitability, the authors' study shows that ADR is the stronger predictor of profitability. Hotel managers can use flow-through ratios to make financial forecasts, or use them as inputs in valuation models, to forecast future profitability. Originality/value – This paper extends prior research on the relationship between top-line measures and bottom-line profitability and serves to inform lodging owners, operators and asset managers about flow-through ratios, and how these ratios impact hotel profitability.

REIT Capital Structure Choices: Preparation Matters

Sun, Titman, and Twite (2015) find that capital structure risks, namely high leverage and a high share of short-term debt, reduced the cumulative total return of US REITs in the 2007-2009 financial crisis. We find that mitigating capital structure risks ahead of the crisis by reducing leverage and extending debt maturity in 2006, was associated with a significantly higher cumulative total return 2007-2009, after controlling for the levels of those variables at the start of the financial crisis. We further identify two systematic cross-sectional differences between those REITs that reduced capital structure risks prior to the financial crisis and those that did not: the exposure to capital structure risks and the strength of corporate governance. On balance, our findings are consistent with the interpretation of risk-reducing adjustments to capital structure ahead of the crisis as a component of managerial skill and discipline with significant implications for firm value during the crisis.

Avaliação da eficiência dos programas de pós-graduação acadêmicos em Administração, Contabilidade e Turismo

The Triennial Evaluation of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) is made according to several indicators, divided into several issues and items, and their weights. In these it is evident the importance of scientific periodicals. This study aims to evaluate the relative efficiency of post-graduate students in Business Administration, Accounting and tourism evaluated by CAPES in Brazil. The methodology used the data envelopment analysis - DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). The data were obtained from the site and organized by the CAPES Qualis score. The analysis was performed by the DEA variable returns to scale, product-oriented (BCC-O), with data from the three-year periods 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Among the main results are the average increase significantly the relative efficiency of the programs in the period 2007-2009 compared to 2004-2006 period, the highest average efficiency of programs linked to public institutions in relation to private, doctoral programs with the present average efficiency sharply higher than those only with masters, and senior programs in general were more efficient. There is also moderate and significant correlation between the efficiency scores and concepts CAPES. The Malmquist index analysis showed that more than 85% of programs had increased productivity. It is noteworthy that the main effect that influences the increase of the Malmquist index is the displacement of the border (Frontier-shift)

Eleição nas escolas: uma análise do impacto do diretor eleito sobre o desempenho educacional no Estado da Bahia

In Brazil, the selection of school principals is set in a decentralized manner by each state and city, such that processes may vary with time for a specific locality. In the state of Bahia, school principals were appointed by a higher political hierarchy until 2008, when schools under state administration started selecting principals by elections. The main goal of this work is to evaluate whether changing this specific rule affected students proficiency levels. This is achieved by using a panel data and difference-in-differences approachs that compares state schools (treatment group) to city schools (control group) that did not face a selection rule change and thus kept having their principals politically appointed. The databases used are Prova Brasil 2007, 2009 and 2011, the first one prior and the other two former to the policy change. Our results suggest that students attending schools with principals that are selected and elected have slightly lower mean proficiency levels both in mathematics and in portuguese exams than those attending schools with appointed principals. This result, according to the literature, could be related to perverse effects of selecting school administrators by vote, such as corporatism, clientelism and politicization of the school environment

Anatomía de la crisis financiera de 2008

La crisis financiera de los Estados Unidos, definida como un episodio de endeudamiento insostenible, estalló en setiembre de 2008 y fue el resultado de la interacción de innovaciones financieras complejas y opacas que facilitaron un auge crediticio reflejado en una burbuja inmobiliaria. Consistió en el virtual colapso del sistema financiero y por ello es identificada como una crisis crediticia que originó una gran recesión mundial. La regulación de los sistemas financieros es compleja en momentos de innovación financiera, por lo que es poco probable evitar crisis posteriores.

Relação universidade-escola: o PIBID como instrumento de intervenção sobre o real da formação de professores

The theme of teacher education has always been rich in discussion and presents an abundant literature on the subject. Historically this topic has generated concerns in both development bodies and universities / schools where these people learn or are engaged in professional work. Training teachers is complex and these elements of complexity make necessary a review of paradigms of initial and continuing education. Despite the efforts of the past decades, the lack of teachers in some areas of knowledge is still a big concern, and it can become even worse in the future, what reinforces the importance of new decisions and new directions in order to change this situation. Therefore, the university-school relationship is of fundamental importance, linking and articulating theory and school practice, contextualizing knowledge, renewing and adapting curricula to current times and spaces in order to be able to improve and recover the social and professional value of teachers. From this perspective the education public policies should turn to the encouragement and the rescue of values and principles in quality teacher training. In the course comes the Institutional Teaching Initiation Scholarships Program - PIBID as an innovative program of teacher education working and adding essential factors to the university-school to reinforce good teaching practices taking up the role of co-developer schools. This research is aimed at analyzing the factors that PIBID inserts in the university-school relationship within IFPR Campus Palmas. The theoretical route was marked by authors as Edgar Morin (2003, 2010a, 2010b, 2012), Enrique Leff (2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2010), Boaventura Sousa Santos (1988, 2010a, 2010b, 2013) Menga Lüdke (2005, 2013), Demerval Saviani (2000, 2013), Paulo Freire (2011), among others, among them official documents of PIBID were used in this research too. The methodological approach with exploratory approach, descriptive explanatory was of fundamental importance through data collected by the documentary analysis (BRAZIL, 2007, 2009, 2013) and in the focus groups activities (GATTI, 2012). The focus groups interlocutors constituted of three groups: Area Coordinators, supervisors and teaching initiation scholarships. The categories were defined a priori from the Programme's objectives and emerging categories identified from the analysis process. After both documentary and interlocutors analysis, it was possible to identify that PIBID inserts the following factors in the university-school relationship: the Recognition of the Profession; Innovative Program and Dialogues of Knowledge. For the recognition of the profession mainly because it is an initial and continuing education program; it approximates theory and practice; upgrades the role of the teacher at school and motivates methodological innovations. This Innovative Program promotes the role of co-educational school and it also approximates knowledge of the school reality and promotes the continuous training. The third emerging category university-school relationship promotes dialogs of knowledge; bringing together theory and practice; it allows information exchange and opens new perspectives for teacher training. Finally, it is possible to realize that besides being a new program, PIBID has promoted visible changes through the actions carried out by all subprojects in partnerships between universities and schools, restoring and giving new meanings to the pedagogical practices.

CATEGORIZATION OF BRAZILIAN INTERNET USERS AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE USE OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES

This paper aims to categorize Brazilian Internet users according to the diversity of their online activities and to assess the propensity of these Internet users´ groups to use electronic government (e-gov) services. The Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach was adopted as the theoretical framework for its consideration of people’s freedom to decide on their use of available resources and their competencies for these decisions, leading to the use of e-gov services. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to perform data analysis from the 2007, 2009 and 2011 editions of ICT Household Survey. The results showed that Internet users belonging to the advanced and intermediate use groups were more likely to use e-gov services than those who belong to the sporadic use group. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that the Internet user group of intermediate use presented a higher tendency to use e-gov services than the Internet user group of advanced use. This tendency is possibly related to the extensive use of interactive and collaborative activities of leisure and entertainment performed by this type of user. The findings of this research may be useful in guiding public policies for the dissemination and provision of electronic government services in Brazil.

Incidence of Chronic and Other Knee Pain in Relation to Occupational Risk Factors in a Large Working Population.

International audience

Children's Separation Anxiety Scale (CSAS): Psychometric Properties

This study describes the psychometric properties of the Children's Separation Anxiety Scale (CSAS), which assesses separation anxiety symptoms in childhood. Participants in Study 1 were 1,908 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 11. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors: worry about separation, distress from separation, opposition to separation, and calm at separation, which explained 46.91% of the variance. In Study 2, 6,016 children aged 8–11 participated. The factor model in Study 1 was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency (α = 0.82) and temporal stability (r = 0.83) of the instrument were good. The convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated by means of correlations with other measures of separation anxiety, childhood anxiety, depression and anger. Sensitivity of the scale was 85% and its specificity, 95%. The results support the reliability and validity of the CSAS.

Avaliação da eficiência dos programas de pós-graduação acadêmicos em Administração, Contabilidade e Turismo

The Triennial Evaluation of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) is made according to several indicators, divided into several issues and items, and their weights. In these it is evident the importance of scientific periodicals. This study aims to evaluate the relative efficiency of post-graduate students in Business Administration, Accounting and tourism evaluated by CAPES in Brazil. The methodology used the data envelopment analysis - DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). The data were obtained from the site and organized by the CAPES Qualis score. The analysis was performed by the DEA variable returns to scale, product-oriented (BCC-O), with data from the three-year periods 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Among the main results are the average increase significantly the relative efficiency of the programs in the period 2007-2009 compared to 2004-2006 period, the highest average efficiency of programs linked to public institutions in relation to private, doctoral programs with the present average efficiency sharply higher than those only with masters, and senior programs in general were more efficient. There is also moderate and significant correlation between the efficiency scores and concepts CAPES. The Malmquist index analysis showed that more than 85% of programs had increased productivity. It is noteworthy that the main effect that influences the increase of the Malmquist index is the displacement of the border (Frontier-shift)

Eleição nas escolas: uma análise do impacto do diretor eleito sobre o desempenho educacional no Estado da Bahia

In Brazil, the selection of school principals is set in a decentralized manner by each state and city, such that processes may vary with time for a specific locality. In the state of Bahia, school principals were appointed by a higher political hierarchy until 2008, when schools under state administration started selecting principals by elections. The main goal of this work is to evaluate whether changing this specific rule affected students proficiency levels. This is achieved by using a panel data and difference-in-differences approachs that compares state schools (treatment group) to city schools (control group) that did not face a selection rule change and thus kept having their principals politically appointed. The databases used are Prova Brasil 2007, 2009 and 2011, the first one prior and the other two former to the policy change. Our results suggest that students attending schools with principals that are selected and elected have slightly lower mean proficiency levels both in mathematics and in portuguese exams than those attending schools with appointed principals. This result, according to the literature, could be related to perverse effects of selecting school administrators by vote, such as corporatism, clientelism and politicization of the school environment

HYSCORES : Cartographies hyperspectrales appliquées aux écosystèmes coralliens et à leur état de santé.

En 2013, les résultats des travaux menés dans le cadre des projets "Spectrhabent-OI" (2009-2012), étendus au projet "Bioindication" (2012-2013) ont permis d'illustrer le potentiel important représenté par les nouvelles techniques d'imagerie aérienne hyperspectrale appliquées sur les plateformes récifales de l'île de La Réunion. L'objectif principal du projet HYSCORES (2015-2016) est de consolider ces premiers résultats dans une perspective de mise en œuvre opérationnelle de ces nouvelles méthodes dans le cadre de la DCE (directive-cadre européenne sur l’eau (2000/60/CE)). Pour cela 3 axes de recherche sont proposés : 1) l’étude et l'évaluation de la pertinence de l'indicateur VCH (vitalité corallienne hyperspectrale) proposé en 2012 ; 2) la capacité de l'indicateur à mettre en évidence une évolution de l'état global entre 2009 et 2015 ; 3) mieux cerner et quantifier les moyens et les ressources nécessaires à la mise en œuvre de ces nouvelles techniques en routine. Le projet s'appuie pour cela sur une nouvelle campagne d'acquisition de données brutes hyperspectrales réalisée en 2015 et couvrant les 4 principaux récifs frangeants de La Réunion. Ce rapport final présente le projet et ses objectifs dans leur globalité. Il détaille l'ensemble des méthodologies mises en œuvre dans le cadre des traitements numériques et décrit les résultats produits. Il s'attache également à l'analyse des résultats de la campagne 2015 HYSCORES en regard des résultats antérieurs (Spectrhabent-OI / BioIndication). A travers une analyse diachronique il confirme et illustre l'intérêt de ces nouvelles techniques pour évaluer les changements (gains et pertes) tant pour la Vitalité Corallienne Hyperspectrale (VCH) que pour le recouvrement corallien en général. Ce travail ouvre également sur de nouvelles perspectives en termes d'Indices (types coralliens par exemple) susceptibles de venir compléter la VCH dans le cadre de l'évaluation de l'Etat des plateformes récifales. L'ensemble des données et des résultats produits sont diffusés librement à travers les portails Sextant océan Indien et Archimer.

Traducción audiovisual en Serbia. Estado de la cuestión

INTRODUCCIÓN El objetivo primordial de esta tesis doctoral ha sido profundizar en el conocimiento de la historia, los traductores, los aspectos profesionales y las convenciones de la traducción audiovisual en Serbia. Los motivos de esta investigación, en primer lugar, se encuentran en mi interés por los productos cinematográficos y televisivos y por la traductología, que aumentó durante mis estudios de filología hispánica e inglesa en la Universidad de Belgrado y culminó con mis estudios de doctorado en la Traducción a Interpretación en la Universidad de Málaga. Durante mis estudios de doctorado, aparte de la historia de traducción, la traducción audiovisual (TAV) fue la modalidad de traducción a la que más atención dediqué. Este fue otro motivo para acometer esta investigación, guiada por mi deseo de conocer las características, peculiaridades y el desarrollo de estos dos campos en un determinado entorno cultural. DESARROLLO TEÓRICO Y OBJETIVOS El trabajo de investigación realizado en la presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en describir los aspectos históricos, profesionales, técnicos, formales y traductológicos de la traducción audiovisual en Serbia. El objetivo, principal ha sido realizar un estudio descriptivo, empírico y exploratorio de la TAV en Serbia, en particular de la subtitulación de películas en inglés, del doblaje de dibujos animados, y de la traducción de documentales, según se detalla a continuación: • Estudio descriptivo: Se desarrolla a través de la observación y el análisis de un corpus de textos audiovisuales, se deducen y describen tendencias de traducción específicas de distintos géneros audiovisuales. • Estudio empírico: Consiste en observar y cuantificar las recurrencias propias de la TAV que se producen en el corpus de textos audiovisuales, previamente seleccionado por su variedad en cuanto a géneros audiovisuales, en cuanto a soportes y en cuanto a agentes implicados en el proceso • Estudio exploratorio: Se ha empleado, por tanto, una metodología de corte exploratorio y descriptivo-interpretativo, ya que se ha buscado estudiar, describir e interpretar una realidad concreta con el objetivo de mapear y detectar las normas de la traducción para el doblaje, la subtitulación y el voice-over; con carácter empírico por la obtención, tratamiento y gestión de los datos obtenidos a partir de las encuestas y de las traducciones analizadas; y con una representatividad sustantiva o sociológica, no numérica, que está motivada por el deseo de integrar en el estudio diferentes aspectos de una realidad compleja. El análisis de textos que forman el corpus de films, series, dibujos animados y documentales en el capítulo 6 ha servido para comprobar la certeza o falsedad de las hipótesis en relación con las convenciones que existen en la traducción para la subtitulación, doblaje y voice-over, y comprobar la veracidad de los datos obtenidos de los profesionales entrevistados, que han sido expuestos en los capítulos 4 y 5. CONCLUSIÓN El propósito de esta tesis doctoral ha sido realizar una primera aproximación sobre los aspectos esenciales de la TAV en Serbia, en especial de las tres modalidades que se emplean en el caso de los géneros audiovisuales más frecuentes –films, series, dibujos animados y documentales –, es decir de la subtitulación, el doblaje, y el voice-over. El análisis ha sido más detallado en el caso de la subtitulación, ya que esta es la modalidad dominante. Gracias a las entrevistas a los profesionales de la traducción audiovisual en Serbia y la bibliografía seleccionada, hemos investigado la historia de estas modalidades traductológicas, sus aspectos técnicos, formales y traductológicos y las características de su entorno profesional. Las convenciones que rigen la labor del traductor audiovisual en Serbia las hemos comprobado a través de un corpus limitado y no representativo, mediante un análisis cualitativo que nos ha servido como una especie de ‘cata’ de las normas de traducción en Serbia. En casos concretos hemos realizado análisis de orientación cuantitativa, con porcentajes que muestran la tendencia dominante en los ejemplos y textos meta seleccionados. BIBLIOGRAFÍA La bibliografía incluye el trabajo de investigación y los artículos sobre la traducción audiovisual en Serbia de la autora de esta tesis (Lukić 2007, 2009, 2010 y 2013), además de otros estudios y volúmenes que, junto con las entrevistas, ofrecen una base teórica de los aspectos de la TAV que han sido analizados a partir de un corpus. Los aspectos profesionales de la TAV en Serbia, por su parte, provienen de las entrevistas, ya que se trata de factores externos que influyen una traducción audiovisual. Actualmente, no tenemos constancia de que existan trabajos publicados de este volumen dedicados exclusivamente al tema de la Traducción Audiovisual en Serbia. Los artículos sobre la traducción en la televisión pública y en las cadenas de televisión privadas en Croacia de Nikolić (2005), y su tesis doctoral de 2011 sobre la recepción de la cultura origen a través de los subtítulos, describen un ambiente cercano al que trata este trabajo. Durante la elaboración de esta tesis fue de gran ayuda la consulta de obras de referencia sobre el doblaje y el subtitulado en España o en otros países. Las convenciones y las fases del proceso de subtitulación o doblaje descritos por autores como Díaz Cintas y Remael (2007) y Chaume (2004, 2012), aparte de ser una valiosa fuente de información utilizada a lo largo de este volumen, nos han ayudado a la hora de planificar la estructura del trabajo y diseñar las entrevistas a los profesionales. Entre otros trabajos que se han utilizado para describir los aspectos históricos de la TAV en Serbia y para elaborar una base teórica de la tesis destacamos: Slijepčević (1982), Volk (1986), Toury (1995), Pym (2009), Ivarsson (1992), Nord (1993), Gambier (1994), Venuti (1995), Zabalbeascoa (1997), Whitman (2001), Mayoral Asensio (2001), Santamaria (2001), Rodríguez Espinosa (2001), Heiss (2004), Scandura (2004), Acuña Partal y Rodríguez Espinosa (2004), Bartoll (2006), Díaz Cintas y Remael (2007), Martínez Sierra (2010), Ranzato (2011), etc.

Como a mudança climática poderá afetar as doenças das hortaliças?

As atividades antrópicas estão alterando as concentrações de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera, causando mudanças no clima do planeta (IPCC, 2007). O efeito estufa é um processo natural que permite a manutenção da temperatura necessária para o estabelecimento e sustento da vida na Terra. O vapor de água, o dióxido de carbono (CO2), o metano (CH4), o óxido nitroso (N2O), o ozônio (O3) e outros gases presentes na atmosfera, denominados gases de efeito estufa, retêm parcialmente a radiação térmica que é emitida quando a radiação solar atinge a superfície do planeta. As atividades antrópicas, intensificadas após a Revolução Industrial, no final do século XVIII, caracterizam-se pela emissão de gases na atmosfera devido ao uso dos recursos naturais, como a queima de combustíveis fósseis e o desmatamento. Como conseqüência, há uma maior retenção de radiação que resulta na intensificação do efeito estufa, elevando a temperatura média da superfície do planeta, além de outros efeitos. Durante o século XX, houve um aumento na temperatura média da superfície do planeta, de aproximadamente 7,4ºC. Porém, esse aumento não foi homogêneo, isto é, algumas regiões do planeta apresentaram maiores incrementos de temperatura que outras. Recentemente, o fenômeno tem se acelerado, pois as maiores temperaturas médias anuais foram registradas nos últimos anos (IPCC, 2007).