中性芳烃烯土氯化铝配合物的合成结构及催化反应性能

本文以经铝粉活化的AlCl_3与无水氯化稀土在芳烃溶剂中反应，分离到了一系列含有不同芳烃配体的中性芳烃稀土氯化铝配合物。对这些配合物进行了元素分析和水解色谱分析，证实了配合物的组成。这是迄今为止继Cotton 报道的S_m(C_6Me_6)(AlCl_4)_3之后仅有的溶液中合成的芳烃配合物的例子。对配合物进行了红外、校磁共振谱的测定，发现配合物中配合体的特征吸收和化学位移与游函的配体一致，说明配合物中配体与中心金属函子的作用较弱。对典型的配合物进行了X－射线晶体结构测定。对含相同中心函子不同配体的配合物结构研究发现，在配体与中心金属函子的作用中，电子效应和空间效应同时反方向起作用，即电子效应加强配体与中心金属函子的作用，空间效应阻碍配体与中心金属离子作用。这两种作大约在二甲基苯为配体时达到平衡。其后，随着电子性的甲基增多，两种效应对配体与中心金属离子作用的影响相互抵消。同时对含有相同配体不同中心金属离子的配合物的结构研究中发现，中心金属离子对配合物的结构没有明显的影响，其键参数的差别主要来自离子半径的变化。对配合物的电子结构进行了研究。对S_m(CH_3C_6H_6)(AlCl_4)_3的INDO计算表明：1．配体甲苯环上电子云密度有所下降，并且邻、对位下降幅度较间位大、六个环上C原子电子云分布与游离和甲苯比较差别缩小。2．环上H原子的电子云密度降低，说明配位对环上H原子有一定的活化作用。3．中心离子的正电荷下降。中心稀土离子主要以5d、6s、6p参与成键。用L_a(C_6H_6)(AlCl_4)_3和Nd(C_6H_6)(AlCl_4)_3作催化剂研究了苯与已烯－1的烷基化反应，发现配合物的催化活性比相应的氯化稀土大，这可能是由于配合物的生成使Zn~(3+)在芳烃菏剂中可以均相存在，因而提高了催化剂的活性。另外发现，反应在较低产率即达到平衡，这可能是存在着已烯－1与苯在催化剂上的络合一释络平衡。

新疆策勒棉花节水与特高产栽培技术

该文通过田间观测研究，查明了绿洲棉花需水耗水规律，建立了高产棉田节水和高效用水技术体系.通过对密植条件下棉花生态适应性的研究，创立了双株双层立体栽培模式和相应配套技术，使皮棉产量达到了3,859.5kg.hm<'-2>，比普通棉田产量翻了一番，也创造了皮棉单产的世界纪录.试验结果表明，普通棉田传统灌溉量高达770.0mm，水分利用效率仅为0.10kg.m<'-3>，而研究得出的普通栽培模式的优化灌溉定额仅为362.3mm，其优化分配方案为播种期90.0mm、苗期51.0mm、蕾期76.5mm、花铃期85.1mm、吐絮期59.6mm，水分利用效率达到0.22kg.m<'-3>.特高产栽培模式的水分利用效率高达0.50kg.m<'-3>.连续三年的高产实践证明，该高产模式不仅具有在不降低皮棉品质的前提下保证高产的先进性，而且还具有良好的可重现性.“双株双层”结构的形成是棉花特高产栽培技术的核心.由选用良种、蹲苗密植、化控塑型、植保防病、配方施肥和节水灌溉等配套技术组成的技术体系是实现棉花特高产的关键.

变水处理与短期遮荫对作物水分利用效率的影响

变水处理与短期遮荫对棉花水分利用效率的影响研究表明 ,在充分供水 -水分胁迫 -复水的变水处理过程中 ,短期遮荫使净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率降低 ;光照 -遮荫 -光照期间 ,总的水分利用效率以水分胁迫的最高 ,充分供水的次之 ,复水处理最低 ,其中遮荫 40 %的水分利用效率高于遮荫 75%的处理 .回归分析表明 ,水分利用效率与光合速率表现出极显著正相关 ,两者回归直线的斜率随水分胁迫而增大 ,而水分利用效率与蒸腾速率的关系较弱 ,多数处理两者相关达不到显著水平

利用城乡废弃资源提高土壤保水保肥功能

以生活炉渣、建筑废料、生物秸秆等城乡废弃资源为原料,制备一种面向节水农业的环保新产品———土壤扩蓄增容肥.实验结果表明:在棉花苗期,6种土壤扩蓄增容肥配方的节水效果较土对照高300倍,干物质积累增加4.77%~50.00%.6种配方的皮棉产量均比对照高,增产幅度为4.70%~14.25%,纤维物理性状有所改善.产量高低顺序依次是,玉米秸秆>小麦秸秆>生活炉渣>秸秆木炭>建筑废料>煤矸石>CK.利用城乡废弃资源生产的扩蓄增容剂,不仅能改良土壤物理和化学性状,更是棉花增产、优质、节水、降低生产成本的关键技术措施之一,具有显著的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益.

土壤水分与短期遮光对棉花光合及其气孔响应的影响

以陆地棉 (Gossypium hirsutum L.Zhongmain No.2 3)为供试材料 ,探讨了在充分供水-水分胁迫 -复水的处理过程中 ,短期不同遮光水平对棉花光合特性及其气孔响应的影响。结果表明 ,在水分处理过程中 ,所有不同遮光水平的棉花叶片对短期遮光具有相似的基本响应规律 :短期遮光使净光合速率迅速降低 ,气孔导度减少 ,但减少速率缓慢 ;遮阳网去掉后 ,叶片气孔重新开放速率和光合恢复被延迟。水分胁迫期间 ,所有遮光处理的水分利用效率均最高 ,但净光合速率均较低 ,光合及其气孔响应受到严重限制 ,遮光 75%受到的影响大于遮光 40 %的处理。复水后水分胁迫带来的残留影响仍然存在 ,结果使水分利用效率在整个水分处理过程中最低 ,遮光 75%的处理尤为明显。上述表明 ,土壤水分与短期遮光对棉花光合及其气孔响应的影响十分显著

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Cellulose-Based Materials through a Solution-Immersion Process

An industrial waterproof reagent [(potassium methyl siliconate) (PMS)] was used for fabricating a superhydrophobic surface on a cellulose-based material (cotton fabric or paper) through a solution-immersion method. This method involves a hydrogen bond assembly and a polycondensation process. The silanol, which was formed by a reaction of PMS aqueous solution with CO2, Was assembled on the cellulose molecule surface via hydrogen bond interactions. The polymethylsilsesquioxane coatings were prepared by a polycondensation reaction of the hydroxyl between cellulose and silatiol. The superhydrophobic cellulose materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and surface analysis (XPS, FESEM, AFM, and contact angle measurements).

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic study of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c and its mutant

The structural stability and redox properties of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c and its mutant, F82H, were studied by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectroscopy. Phenylalanine, which exists at the position-82 in yeast iso-1-cytochrome c, is replaced by histidine in the mutant. The SERRS spectra of the proteins on the bare silver electrodes indicate that the mutant possesses a more stable global structure with regard to the adsorption-induced conformational alteration. The redox potential of the mutant negatively shifts by about 400 mV, relative to that of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c. This is ascribed to axial ligand switching and higher solvent accessibility of the heme iron in the mutant during the redox reactions.

Asymmetric polymerization of menthyl methacrylate by anionic catalysts

In this paper, (-)menthyl methacrylate((-)MnMA) was polymerized at -78degreesC in toluene with three types of anionic catalysts, which were complexes of fluorenyllithium with (-)sparteine -((-)-Sp), (S, S)-(+)-2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 4-bis(dimethylamino)butane((+)DDB) and N,N,N,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine(TMEDA), and the chiral optical property of the obtained polymer was studied. The circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of the polymer showed negative Cotton effect.

Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 mediated with methylviologen at roughened silver electrodes

The photoelectrocatalytic effect for the reduction of CO2 mediated with methylviologen (MV) was studied at mercury, polished silver and roughened silver electrodes using electrochemical and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques. A large photoelectrocatalytic effect for the reduction of CO2 in the presence of MV was observed at the roughened silver electrode, whereas there was only a very small photoelectrocatalytic current at a more negative potential on mercury and polished silver electrodes. The SERS spectra of MV in the presence and absence of CO2, along with the electrochemical results, demonstrate that the surface adsorbed complexes, MV+ -Ag and MV0-Ag, played a role as the mediator for photoinduced electron transfer to CO2 in the solution. The results also suggest that the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoscale silver particle contributes to the overall photoelectrocatalytic effect on a roughened silver electrode.

抗卟啉抗体与卟啉的协同作用

meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉诱导的单抗 (MAb)导致meso -四 (α,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉Soret带来巨大红移 ,并且在meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉上产生巨大的诱导Cotton效应 (ICD) .借用ICD定量分析meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉同抗体的结合 ,表明在抗体超过meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉的情况下 ,既有 1∶1结合 ,又有 2∶1结合〔结合位点 :meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉〕

Circular dichroism and resonance Raman comparative studies of wild type cytochrome c and F82H mutant

The UV-visible, circular dichroism (CD), and resonance Raman (RR) spectra of the wild type yeast iso-1-cytochrome c (WT) and its mutant F82H in which phenylalanine-82 (Phe-82) is substituted with His are measured and compared for oxidized and reduced forms. The CD spectra in the intrinsic and Soret spectral region, as well as RR spectra in high, middle, and low frequency regions, are discussed. From the analysis of the spectra, it is determined that in the oxidized F82H the two axial ligands to the heme iron are His-18 and His-82 whereas in the reduced form the sixth ligand switches from His-82 to Met-80 providing the coordination geometry similar to that of WT. Based on the spectroscopic data, the conclusion is that the porphyrin macrocycle is less distorted in the oxidized F82H compared to the oxidized WT. Similar distortions are present in the reduced form of the proteins. Frequency shifts of Raman bands, as well as the decrease of the or-helix content in the CD spectra, indicate more open conformation of the protein around the heme. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Photoinduced electrochemical reduction of nitrite at an electrochemically roughened silver surface

Photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrite and nitrate was studied on the surface of an electrochemically roughened silver electrode. The dependence of the photocurrent on photon energy, applied potential, and concentration of nitrite was determined. It was concluded that the photoelectrochemical reduction proceeds via a photoemission process followed by the capture of hydrated electrons by electron accepters. The excitation of plasmon resonances in nanosize metal structures produced during the roughening procedure resulted in the enhancement of the photoemission process. Ammonia was detected as one of the final products in this reaction. Mechanisms for the photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrite and nitrate are proposed.