El modelo geométrico y el movimiento circular en el De Motu Animalium de Aristóteles

Este trabajo intenta poner de manifiesto cómo Aristóteles en el De Motu Animalium configura las funciones de los principios del movimiento voluntario de los animales a través de la presentación de varias analogías geométricas a lo largo del tratado. El modelo geométrico de los movimientos locativos de los animales es introducido ya en el primer capítulo para indicar que los animales, en tanto se mueven por sí mismos, cuentan con un centro en el cual se sostienen al moverse. Mientras que el modelo muestra allí cómo se mueven las extremidades articuladas, éste es retomado en los capítulos 8, 9, 10 y 11 para dar cuenta de las funciones de los principios establecidos en el capítulo 6 como explicativos del movimiento de los animales por sí mismos. De este modo los términos geométricos se aplican a través de la analogía con la articulación en una nueva analogía de la parte con el animal entero, indicándonos qué función cumplen y cómo se relacionan el alma, el corazón, el pneûma y las partes orgánicas. Mi análisis revela que las representaciones geométricas siempre indican un movimiento circular que es origen de los demás movimientos y que ese primer movimiento es el único que puede ser llamado estrictamente movimiento causado por sí mismo. La razón de esto es que las cosas que se mueven circularmente cuentan con un centro que funciona como un principio de movimiento interno inmóvil. El alma, en tanto principio inmóvil del movimiento y a través de ciertas sucesiones, es capaz de originar movimientos locativos voluntarios, quedando saldada para el autor la cuestión de cómo pueden los animales ser causantes de sus propios movimientos

El modelo geométrico y el movimiento circular en el De Motu Animalium de Aristóteles

Este trabajo intenta poner de manifiesto cómo Aristóteles en el De Motu Animalium configura las funciones de los principios del movimiento voluntario de los animales a través de la presentación de varias analogías geométricas a lo largo del tratado. El modelo geométrico de los movimientos locativos de los animales es introducido ya en el primer capítulo para indicar que los animales, en tanto se mueven por sí mismos, cuentan con un centro en el cual se sostienen al moverse. Mientras que el modelo muestra allí cómo se mueven las extremidades articuladas, éste es retomado en los capítulos 8, 9, 10 y 11 para dar cuenta de las funciones de los principios establecidos en el capítulo 6 como explicativos del movimiento de los animales por sí mismos. De este modo los términos geométricos se aplican a través de la analogía con la articulación en una nueva analogía de la parte con el animal entero, indicándonos qué función cumplen y cómo se relacionan el alma, el corazón, el pneûma y las partes orgánicas. Mi análisis revela que las representaciones geométricas siempre indican un movimiento circular que es origen de los demás movimientos y que ese primer movimiento es el único que puede ser llamado estrictamente movimiento causado por sí mismo. La razón de esto es que las cosas que se mueven circularmente cuentan con un centro que funciona como un principio de movimiento interno inmóvil. El alma, en tanto principio inmóvil del movimiento y a través de ciertas sucesiones, es capaz de originar movimientos locativos voluntarios, quedando saldada para el autor la cuestión de cómo pueden los animales ser causantes de sus propios movimientos

The Califa and Hipass circular velocity function for all morphological galaxy types

The velocity function (VF) is a fundamental observable statistic of the galaxy population that is similar to the luminosity function in importance, but much more difficult to measure. In this work we present the first directly measured circular VF that is representative between 60 < v_circ < 320 km s^-1 for galaxies of all morphological types at a given rotation velocity. For the low-mass galaxy population (60 < v_circ < 170 km s^-1), we use the HI Parkes All Sky Survey VF. For the massive galaxy population (170 < v_circ < 320 km s^-1), we use stellar circular velocities from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA). In earlier work we obtained the measurements of circular velocity at the 80% light radius for 226 galaxies and demonstrated that the CALIFA sample can produce volume-corrected galaxy distribution functions. The CALIFA VF includes homogeneous velocity measurements of both late and early-type rotation-supported galaxies and has the crucial advantage of not missing gas-poor massive ellipticals that HI surveys are blind to. We show that both VFs can be combined in a seamless manner, as their ranges of validity overlap. The resulting observed VF is compared to VFs derived from cosmological simulations of the z = 0 galaxy population. We find that dark-matter-only simulations show a strong mismatch with the observed VF. Hydrodynamic simulations fare better, but still do not fully reproduce observations.

Diffusive models and chaos indicators for non-linear betatron motion in circular hadron accelerators

Understanding the complex dynamics of beam-halo formation and evolution in circular particle accelerators is crucial for the design of current and future rings, particularly those utilizing superconducting magnets such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), its luminosity upgrade HL-LHC, and the proposed Future Circular Hadron Collider (FCC-hh). A recent diffusive framework, which describes the evolution of the beam distribution by means of a Fokker-Planck equation, with diffusion coefficient derived from the Nekhoroshev theorem, has been proposed to describe the long-term behaviour of beam dynamics and particle losses. In this thesis, we discuss the theoretical foundations of this framework, and propose the implementation of an original measurement protocol based on collimator scans in view of measuring the Nekhoroshev-like diffusive coefficient by means of beam loss data. The available LHC collimator scan data, unfortunately collected without the proposed measurement protocol, have been successfully analysed using the proposed framework. This approach is also applied to datasets from detailed measurements of the impact on the beam losses of so-called long-range beam-beam compensators also at the LHC. Furthermore, dynamic indicators have been studied as a tool for exploring the phase-space properties of realistic accelerator lattices in single-particle tracking simulations. By first examining the classification performance of known and new indicators in detecting the chaotic character of initial conditions for a modulated Hénon map and then applying this knowledge to study the properties of realistic accelerator lattices, we tried to identify a connection between the presence of chaotic regions in the phase space and Nekhoroshev-like diffusive behaviour, providing new tools to the accelerator physics community.

RePet - il modello della circular economy applicato alla gestione dei rifiuti in plastica

La gestione e il recupero dei rifiuti è un aspetto fondamentale per tentare di ridurre l’impatto negativo delle nostre attività sull’ambiente; è responsabilità di ognuno di noi contribuire all’arresto del processo di degrado a cui è sottoposto il pianeta. È noto che gli agglomerati urbani, con i loro scarichi e scarti, sono una delle cause principali di contaminazione ambientale. La vertiginosa espansione dei tessuti urbani degli ultimi cinquant’anni ha notevolmente aumentato la produzione di rifiuti. Ogni cittadino italiano, secondo i dati ISPRA 2021, produce circa 500 kg di rifiuti in un anno. La rincorsa verso il benessere conquistato attraverso l’accumulo di beni materiali non ha lasciato spazio alla cultura attenta al rispetto delle risorse naturali e ne paghiamo le conseguenze. Il focus di questa ricerca è supportare la gestione dei rifiuti urbani e garantire il loro recupero e riutilizzo immediato. L’obiettivo finale è quello della diminuzione/eliminazione dell’abbandono dei rifiuti della plastica, mettendo in relazione operosa gli attori coinvolti nel processo e sviluppando un servizio che semplifichi e rafforzi i meccanismi di raccolta e di riuso. Collocandosi nel contesto di Zaragoza, in Spagna, vengono introdotte alcune specifiche azioni strategiche al fine di condurre i cittadini ad adottare precise pratiche per la salvaguardia ambientale. L’azione a livello locale diventa prototipo con prospettiva globale. Un’osservazione dal basso ci può mostrare cose che, dalla distanza, non si sarebbero potute vedere. Si parte da identità specifiche, considerando i comportamenti di individui che abitano uno stesso luogo e concentrandosi sulla dimensione collettiva delle loro pratiche cercando di cambiarle attraverso obiettivi chiari e premialità. Analizzando i comportamenti di piccoli gruppi, sono state individuate azioni capaci di indirizzarli verso modelli più appropriati modificando le regole del progetto a partire dall’osservazione di questi comportamenti.

Circular sobre condutas vedadas em licitações [Condutas Vedadas Legalmente]

Apresenta a importância da realização de licitações e contratos dentro da administração pública, sua base legal e quais são as condutas vedadas durante a realização deste processo. Material produzido para utilização no curso "Responsabilidades gestoras no último ano de mandato" fornecido pela Universidade Aberta do SUS (UNA-SUS).

Feasibility And Reproducibility Of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Fetal Brain In Twin-twin Transfusion Syndrome.

The aim of this study is to test the feasibility and reproducibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) evaluations of the fetal brains in cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). From May 2011 to June 2012, 24 patients with severe TTTS underwent MRI scans for evaluation of the fetal brains. Datasets were analyzed offline on axial DW images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps by two radiologists. The subjective evaluation was described as the absence or presence of water diffusion restriction. The objective evaluation was performed by the placement of 20-mm(2) circular regions of interest on the DW image and ADC maps. Subjective interobserver agreement was assessed by the kappa correlation coefficient. Objective intraobserver and interobserver agreements were assessed by proportionate Bland-Altman tests. Seventy-four DW-MRI scans were performed. Sixty of them (81.1%) were considered to be of good quality. Agreement between the radiologists was 100% for the absence or presence of diffusion restriction of water. For both intraobserver and interobserver agreement of ADC measurements, proportionate Bland-Altman tests showed average percentage differences of less than 1.5% and 95% CI of less than 18% for all sites evaluated. Our data demonstrate that DW-MRI evaluation of the fetal brain in TTTS is feasible and reproducible.

Effects Of High Pressure Homogenization On The Activity, Stability, Kinetics And Three-dimensional Conformation Of A Glucose Oxidase Produced By Aspergillus Niger.

High pressure homogenization (HPH) is a non-thermal method, which has been employed to change the activity and stability of biotechnologically relevant enzymes. This work investigated how HPH affects the structural and functional characteristics of a glucose oxidase (GO) from Aspergillus niger. The enzyme was homogenized at 75 and 150 MPa and the effects were evaluated with respect to the enzyme activity, stability, kinetic parameters and molecular structure. The enzyme showed a pH-dependent response to the HPH treatment, with reduction or maintenance of activity at pH 4.5-6.0 and a remarkable activity increase (30-300%) at pH 6.5 in all tested temperatures (15, 50 and 75°C). The enzyme thermal tolerance was reduced due to HPH treatment and the storage for 24 h at high temperatures (50 and 75°C) also caused a reduction of activity. Interestingly, at lower temperatures (15°C) the activity levels were slightly higher than that observed for native enzyme or at least maintained. These effects of HPH treatment on function and stability of GO were further investigated by spectroscopic methods. Both fluorescence and circular dichroism revealed conformational changes in the molecular structure of the enzyme that might be associated with the distinct functional and stability behavior of GO.

Photoelastic Analysis Of Fixed Partial Prosthesis Crown Height And Implant Length On Distribution Of Stress In Two Dental Implant Systems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate by photoelastic analysis stress distribution on short and long implants of two dental implant systems with 2-unit implant-supported fixed partial prostheses of 8 mm and 13 mm heights. Sixteen photoelastic models were divided into 4 groups: I: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Neodent), II: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Bicon), III: short implant (5 × 6 mm) (Neodent), and IV: short implants (5 × 6 mm) (Bicon). The models were positioned in a circular polariscope associated with a cell load and static axial (0.5 Kgf) and nonaxial load (15°, 0.5 Kgf) were applied to each group for both prosthetic crown heights. Three-way ANOVA was used to compare the factors implant length, crown height, and implant system (α = 0.05). The results showed that implant length was a statistically significant factor for both axial and nonaxial loading. The 13 mm prosthetic crown did not result in statistically significant differences in stress distribution between the implant systems and implant lengths studied, regardless of load type (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that short implants showed higher stress levels than long implants. Implant system and length was not relevant factors when prosthetic crown height were increased.

G-quadruplex Formation Enhances Splicing Efficiency Of Pax9 Intron 1.

G-quadruplexes are secondary structures present in DNA and RNA molecules, which are formed by stacking of G-quartets (i.e., interaction of four guanines (G-tracts) bounded by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding). Human PAX9 intron 1 has a putative G-quadruplex-forming region located near exon 1, which is present in all known sequenced placental mammals. Using circular dichroism (CD) analysis and CD melting, we showed that these sequences are able to form highly stable quadruplex structures. Due to the proximity of the quadruplex structure to exon-intron boundary, we used a validated double-reporter splicing assay and qPCR to analyze its role on splicing efficiency. The human quadruplex was shown to have a key role on splicing efficiency of PAX9 intron 1, as a mutation that abolished quadruplex formation decreased dramatically the splicing efficiency of human PAX9 intron 1. The less stable, rat quadruplex had a less efficient splicing when compared to human sequences. Additionally, the treatment with 360A, a strong ligand that stabilizes quadruplex structures, further increased splicing efficiency of human PAX9 intron 1. Altogether, these results provide evidences that G-quadruplex structures are involved in splicing efficiency of PAX9 intron 1.

Comparing Near-infrared Conventional Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy And Hyperspectral Imaging For Determination Of The Bulk Properties Of Solid Samples By Multivariate Regression: Determination Of Mooney Viscosity And Plasticity Indices Of Natural Rubber.

Conventional reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and hyperspectral imaging (HI) in the near-infrared region (1000-2500 nm) are evaluated and compared, using, as the case study, the determination of relevant properties related to the quality of natural rubber. Mooney viscosity (MV) and plasticity indices (PI) (PI0 - original plasticity, PI30 - plasticity after accelerated aging, and PRI - the plasticity retention index after accelerated aging) of rubber were determined using multivariate regression models. Two hundred and eighty six samples of rubber were measured using conventional and hyperspectral near-infrared imaging reflectance instruments in the range of 1000-2500 nm. The sample set was split into regression (n = 191) and external validation (n = 95) sub-sets. Three instruments were employed for data acquisition: a line scanning hyperspectral camera and two conventional FT-NIR spectrometers. Sample heterogeneity was evaluated using hyperspectral images obtained with a resolution of 150 × 150 μm and principal component analysis. The probed sample area (5 cm(2); 24,000 pixels) to achieve representativeness was found to be equivalent to the average of 6 spectra for a 1 cm diameter probing circular window of one FT-NIR instrument. The other spectrophotometer can probe the whole sample in only one measurement. The results show that the rubber properties can be determined with very similar accuracy and precision by Partial Least Square (PLS) regression models regardless of whether HI-NIR or conventional FT-NIR produce the spectral datasets. The best Root Mean Square Errors of Prediction (RMSEPs) of external validation for MV, PI0, PI30, and PRI were 4.3, 1.8, 3.4, and 5.3%, respectively. Though the quantitative results provided by the three instruments can be considered equivalent, the hyperspectral imaging instrument presents a number of advantages, being about 6 times faster than conventional bulk spectrometers, producing robust spectral data by ensuring sample representativeness, and minimizing the effect of the presence of contaminants.

Aspectos ultra-estruturais dos canais secretores em órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos de Anacardiaceae

The study assessed phloem canal development and ultra-structure in shoot apices of Spondias dulcis G. Forst., phloematic canal ultra-structure in shoot apices of Tapirira guianensis Aubl., and floral canal ultra-structure and development and fruit canal ultra-structure of the latter specie. The flower and fruit canals of Anacardium humile St.Hil. were also studied ultra-structurally. The canals in shoot apices of S. dulcis show schizo-lysigenous formation and the floral canals of T. guianensis show schizogenous development. Epithelial cells of S. dulcis and T. guianensis canals have rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, elongated plastids of several shapes with osmiophilic inclusions and dictyosomes with production of vesicles. Such organelles participate in the secretion of a heterogeneous exudate, which is comprised of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. The epithelial cells of the fruit of A. humile present elongated plastids with circular membrane system, which are involved in the synthesis of lipophilic substances. The results of the ultra-structural analyses of the epithelial cells corroborate the results previously obtained in a histochemical study. In the histochemical study, lipophilic and hydrophilic substances were identified in the canals of T. guinanensis and S. dulcis and only lipophilic substances were identified in the canals of A. humile. Based on the ultrastructural aspects of the secretory canals of T. guianensis and S. dulcis we concluded that the plastids of the epithelial cells of the two species are different although they produce secretion of similar composition. A new record for the family is the presence of a great number of circular plastids in epithelial cells of the fruit of Anacardium humile. The pattern found in the secretory canals of the studied species is the ecrine type of secretion release.

Proposição e avaliação de um método baseado em projeção de luz para reconstrução e análise da superfície do tronco durante a respiração

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Validação da Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), Life Satisfaction Index for the Third Age (LSITA) e do Aging Perception Questionnaire (APQ) para a língua portuguesa no Brasil : um estudo em idosos brasileiros

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

As roupas esportivas em Revista na cidade de Belo Horizonte (1929-1950) : moldes, recortes e costuras

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física