Análise da expressão dos receptores HER-2 e sua correlação clínica em pacientes com neoplasia gástrica do setor de Oncologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU

Introduction: Gastric cancer is currently the fourth higher cancer mortality rate among men in the world and the fifth among women, despite the progressive advances in oncology. The identification of tumor receptors and the development of target-drugs to block them has contributed to increased survival and quality of life of patients, but it becomes important to know the tumor profile of the population being treated, avoiding burdening treatment with examinations and treatments that are not cost-effective. Objective: To evaluate the profile of the population with gastric cancer treated in five years at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia and verify the correlation between overexpression of HER-2 receptor with an unfavorable prognosis. Methods: 203 records with gastric cancer were selected through the system database, attending a five-year period, of which 117 paraffin blocks were available for immunohistochemical assessment of HER2 receptor. Results: 2.6% of tumors showed overexpression of HER2, considering for this study two crosses as positive. There was no statistically significant difference in correlation between expression of the HER2 receptor with age, gender, tumor grade, local involvement, Lauren classification, Borrmann classification or staging. Conclusion: For this studied population, we can conclude that there is no need to employ HER2 blockers with high cost as a target-therapy in patients with gastric cancer, since no clinical benefit probably will be obtained due to a low percentage of these patients that demonstrated superexpression of this receptor or even there is no patients with gastric cancer with superexpression of HER2 with more than three crosses of positivity in immunochemistry

Prevalência da síndrome metabólica em receptores de transplante renal de acordo com o gênero e tempo pós-transplante /

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a set of cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, systemic high blood pressure (SHBP), changes in glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of MS in renal transplant recipients (RTR) ranges from 15% to 65%, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and reducing renal allograft survival in the long term. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and frequency of MS in renal transplant patients according to gender and time of transplantation and to evaluate renal function in patients with and without MS. Patients and Methods: Crosssectional study conducted from August 2012 to September 2013 involving 153 renal transplant recipients. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). The sample was divided into two groups: patients with metabolic syndrome (WMS patients) and patients without metabolic syndrome (WoMS patients) and according to gender. The WMS patients were stratified into quartiles according to the renal transplantation period (RTP), and variables related to MS were analyzed for both sexes. Results: MS was diagnosed in 58.1% of the studied population, specifically in MS was found 58.4% of men and 41.6% of women (P ˂ 0.05). The male and female with MS were 48.8 ± 11.6 years old vs. 47.1 ± 12.7 years old and the time of post transplantation was 76.1 ± 76.5 months vs. 84.7 ± 65.4 months, respectively (P >0,05). When we compared the sexes in the WMS group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in men (137.0 ± 18.1 vs. 128.9 ± 13.6 mmHg, P= 0.029), while the other components of MS did not exhibit significant differences. With respect to renal function, when we compared the sexes in the WMS group, the serum creatinine (sCr) was higher in men (1.73 ± 0.69 vs. 1.31 ± 0.47 mg/dL, P= 0.0012), while the urinary protein/creatinine ratio was higher in women (0.48 ± 0.69 vs. 0.37 ± 0.48 mg/dL, P=0.0150). We found no significant difference in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between WMS and WoMS patients for women and men (50.6 ± 19.1 vs. 50.1 ± 18.3 mL/min/1.73 m², P=0.909). We found a significant positive association between eGFR and HDL-c levels (r=0.3371; P=0.0145) for WMS men. The MS components showed no significant differences in RTP for different interquartile ranges, except for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in women, where there was a significant variation among the quartiles evaluated (P=0.0009). Conclusion: the prevalence of MS was similar in the different quartiles in both sexes, in relation to time post TX. There was no significant difference in eGFR in patients WMS and WoMS, in both sexes. Concluding that the MS did not vary in relation to time post transplant.

Associação entre comprometimento motor, mobilidade e qualidade de vida em crianças com paralisia cerebral espástica, nível I, II e III do Gross Motor Function Classification System

The objective of this study was to verify the association between some mobility items of the International Classification Functionality (ICF), with the evaluations Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), 1-minute walk test (1MWT) and if the motor impairment influences the quality of life in children with Cerebral Palsy (PC), by using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0 versions for children and parents). The study included 22 children with cerebral palsy spastic, classified in levels I, II, and III on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), with age group of 9.9 years old. Among those who have participated, seven of them were level I, eight of them were level II and seven of them were level III. All of the children and teenagers were rated by using check list ICF (mobility item), GMFM-88, 1-minute walk test and PedsQL 4.0 questionnaires for children and parents. It was observed a strong correlation between GMFM-88 with check list ICF (mobility item), but moderate correlation between GMFM-88 and 1-minute walk test (1MWT). It was also moderate the correlation between the walking test and the check list ICF (mobility item). The correlation between PedsQl 4.0 questionnaires for children and parents was weak, as well as the correlation of both with GMFM, ICF (mobility item) and the walking test. The lack of interrelation between physical function tests and quality of life, indicates that, regardless of the severity of the motor impairment and the difficulty with mobility, children and teenagers suffering of PC spastic, functional level I, II and III GMFCS and their parents have a varied opinion regarding the perception of well being and life satisfaction.

Saúde da população “trans”: uma revisão sistemática da produção teórica brasileira

This dissertation analyzed the existing work on travestility and transsexuality whose problematic research focused on issues related to health and / or health services. For this purpose, a Literature Review Systematized Descriptive in virtual databases was performed: Bank of Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination Thesis (CAPES), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), Scielo and PubMed, between the years 1997 and 2014 in Brazil. We used the search terms "transsexual," "transvestite" and "transgender", each associated with the search term "health", in Portuguese and English. Complementing this search, we used the Documentary Analysis methodology to assess pamphlets productions, institutional documents and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which were incorporated into the discussion. 295 papers were identified, among theses, dissertations and scientific articles. Of these, 223 were excluded and 72 selected for analysis. Thus, it obtained five theses and dissertations 21 on the topic of travestility and 7 theses and dissertations 9 that deal with transsexuality. Among the selected papers, 16 deal with transsexuality and health, 5 address the issue of travestility and health and work, 9 refer to the term "transgender" and "health". Even though it is an emerging field of research, there is an apparent deviation of the speech, previously anchored in questions whose topics are related to confrontation, infection or illness by HIV / AIDS (level of specialized care) for discussions on the health care for transsexuals in the process (level of specialized care). Still, few papers have specific trans attention in primary care associated with a comprehensive health care, with the empowerment of individuals, respecting the power of life, which are configured as important issues for the Public Policy on Health today.

O uso da PCR em tempo real para o estudo da carga parasitária e dos níveis transcricionais durante a infecção experimental por Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi is causative agent of Chagas disease, one of most neglected tropical diseases. Estimated that about 11 million people worldwide are infected by T. cruzi and about 6 to 7 million people are at risk in endemic areas. During the process of invasion of host and parasite interact enabling signal transduction and gene expression modulation in response to invasion. The diversity of activated proteins and pathways to repair the damage by disruption of the plasma membrane interest to us and thus present study developed a new form of detection and quantitation by polymerase chain reaction in real time (qPCR) of parasitic load T. cruzi and quantified transcriptional levels relative (RT-qPCR) of dysferlin, Sphingomyelin acid esferase (ASM), transcription factor EB (TFEB) Galectins 1 and 3 and Annexin A2. This study demonstrated that quantification by real time PCR using primers P21fw and P21rv was specific and sensitive for detection of T. cruzi in vivo and in vitro, as well as transcriptional levels of genes related to cytoskeletal organization and repair plasma membrane are modulated in response to damage generated by parasite.

Tradução e adaptação transcultural do domínio função física do Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System – PROMIS® - versão para a língua portuguesa

In 2004, the National Institutes of Health made available the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System – PROMIS®, which is constituted of innovative item banks for health assessment. It is based on classical, reliable Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) and includes advanced statistical methods, such as Item Response Theory and Computerized Adaptive Test. One of PROMIS® Domain Frameworks is the Physical Function, whose item bank need to be translated and culturally adapted so it can be used in Portuguese speaking countries. This work aimed to translate and culturally adapt the PROMIS® Physical Function item bank into Portuguese. FACIT (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy) translation methodology, which is constituted of eight stages for translation and cultural adaptation, was used. Fifty subjects above the age of 18 years participated in the pre-test (seventh stage). The questionnaire was answered by the participants (self-reported questionnaires) by using think aloud protocol, and cognitive and retrospective interviews. In FACIT methodology, adaptations can be done since the beginning of the translation and cultural adaption process, ensuring semantic, conceptual, cultural, and operational equivalences of the Physical Function Domain. During the pre-test, 24% of the subjects had difficulties understanding the items, 22% of the subjects suggested changes to improve understanding. The terms and concepts of the items were totally understood (100%) in 87% of the items. Only four items had less than 80% of understanding; for this reason, it was necessary to chance them so they could have correspondence with the original item and be understood by the subjects, after retesting. The process of translation and cultural adaptation of the PROMIS® Physical Function item bank into Portuguese was successful. This version of the assessment tool must have its psychometric properties validated before being made available for clinical use.

Visão dos profissionais de saúde frente à possibilidade de infecção de HIV/Aids em idosos

The HIV/Aids epidemic is today, in Brazil, a phenomenon of great magnitude and extent. The disease progresses over a physically weakened, and with more complex approach, portion of the population: the elderly. This study has the objective to know the vision of health professionals facing the possibility of HIV/Aids in the elderly. It is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the city of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from November 2013 to December 2015, with the participants Doctors, Dental Surgeons and nurses stationed in the Municipal Network of Primary Care, with a sample of 220. Using factor analysis, factors unrelated to the training of health professionals and others directly related; only the latter showed differences between the professions. The investigation of the professional view on the possibility of infection of HIV/Aids in the elderly should be crafted specifically for each type of professional, meeting the specific difficulties of training each degree course. It is crucial the need to update each professional in the health care field in order to be able to make an early diagnosis aimed at protecting the elderly patient's integrity affected by HIV/Aids.

Trajetórias e fatores associados a qualidade de vida de mães de recém-nascidos pré-termos de muito baixo peso até três anos após o parto

Preterm birth is a public health problem worldwide. It holds growing global incidence rates, high mortality rates and a risk of the long-term sequelae in the newborn. It is also poses burden on the family and society. Mothers of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants may develop psychological disorders, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Factors related to mothers and children in the postpartum period may be negatively associated with the QoL of these mothers. The aim of this study was to assess factors possibly associated with the QoL of mothers of VLBW preterm newborns during the first three years after birth. Mothers of VLBW preterm answered the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-bref and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in five time points up to 36 months postpartum, totalizing 260 observations. The WHOQOL–bref scores were compared and correlated with sociodemographic and clinical variables of mothers and children at discharge (T0) and at six (T1), twelve (T2), 24 (T3) and 36 (T4) months after the delivery. We used the Kruskal Wallis test to compared scores across different time points and correlated WHOQOL-bref scores with the sociodemographic and clinical variables of mothers and preterm infants. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the contribution of these variables for the QoL of mothers. The WHOQOL–bref scores at T1 and T2 were higher when compared to scores in T0 in the physical health dimension (p = 0.013). BDI scores were also higher at T1 and T2 than those at T0 (p = 0.027). Among the maternal variables that contributed most to the QoL of mothers, there were: at T0, stable marital union (b= 13.60; p= 0.000) on the social relationships dimension, gestational age (b= 2.38; p= 0.010) in the physical health dimension; post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (b= -10.05; p= 0.010; b= -12.18; p= 0.013, respectively) in the psychological dimension; at T1 and T2, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (b= -7.41; p= 0.005) and female sex (b= 8,094; p= 0.011) in the physical health dimension and environment, respectively. At T3, family income (b= -12.75’ p= 0.001) in the environment dimension, the SNAPPE neonatal severity score (b= -0.23; p= 0.027) on the social relationships dimension; at the T4, evangelical religion (b= 8.11; p= 0.019) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (b: -18.84 p: 0.001) on the social relationships dimension. The BDI scores were negatively associated with WHOQOL scores in all dimensions and at all times points: (-1.42 ≤ b ≤ -0.36; T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4). We conclude that mothers of preterm infants VLBW tend to have a transient improvement in the physical well-being during the first postpartum year. Their quality of life seems to return to levels at discharge between two and three years after delivery. The presence of maternal depressive symptoms and diagnosis of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus or BDP are factors negatively associated with the QoL of mothers. Social, religious and economic variables are positively associated with the QoL of mothers of VLBW preterm.

Avaliação da eficácia da implementação de um pacote de medidas na prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em unidade de terapia intensiva adulta

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a health care related infection and the second leading cause of nosocomial infections linked to morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, the implementation of care guideline protocols has become necessary for critically ill patients in ICUs in order to provide adequate treatment. Objective: To assess the impact of a package called FAST HUG in PAV ; analyze the risk factors for occurrence of VAP in adult patients at an ICU of a private hospital ; analyze the clinical characteristics of patients who were or were not submitted to the FAST HUG ; analyze the etiology of microorganisms related to EPI ; determine the cost of hospitalization in patients with pneumonia and in patients who received the FAST HUG.Methods: The study was performed in a private hospital that has an 8-bed ICU. It was divided into two phases: before implementing FAST HUG, from August 2011 to August 2012 and after the implementation of FAST HUG, from September 2012 to December 2013. An individual form for each patient in the study was filled out by using information taken electronically from the hospital medical records. The following data for each patient was obtained: age, gender, reason for hospitalization, the use of three or more types of antibiotics, length of stay, intubation time and progress. Findings: After the implementation of FAST HUG, there was an observable decrease in the occurrence of VAP (p <0.01), as well as a reduction in mortality rates (p <0.01). It also shows that the intervention performed in the study resulted in a significant reduction in ICU hospital costs (p <0.05).Conclusion: The implementation of FAST HUG reduced the cases of VAP. Thus, decreasing costs, reducing mortality rates and length of stay, which therefore resulted in an improvement to the overall quality of care.

A abordagem à obra de arte na promoção de um envelhecimento ativo

Um dos fenómenos mais significativos da sociedade contemporânea, com tendência a acentuar-se, é o aumento da população idosa, que tem vindo a constituir um sério desafio, não só na área da saúde mas também no campo social, cultural, económico e político, ao qual ninguém pode ficar indiferente. Com o projeto que concebemos e implementámos pretendemos dar o nosso contributo na área da animação sociocultural, não apenas como agentes de mudança mas, sobretudo no desenvolvimento de ferramentas para enriquecer e formar os idosos promovendo o seu envelhecimento digno, saudável e ativo. Neste âmbito, pretendemos verificar que o contacto entre os idosos e as imagens de obras de arte lhes faculta a aquisição de novas aprendizagens, infundindo ânimo e participação crítica, favorecendo o crescimento não só pessoal mas também grupal. Seguindo uma metodologia de investigação-ação, desenvolvemos uma sequência de atividades, em contexto de lar, envolvendo idosos com idades entre os 59 e os 88 anos. A avaliação do projeto permitiu-nos constatar que os idosos que convivem com o mundo das artes (imagens de pinturas de obras de arte) aprendem não só a “olhar” mas sim a refletir e a apreciar, estimulando assim a sua capacidade cognitiva. De igual modo, através da promoção do diálogo, mantêm a sua vida social ativa.

Adaptação e validação da escala GenCat de calidade de vida para a população adulta portuguesa com deficiência

Para melhorar o apoio social prestado às pessoas com deficiência em Portugal, urge perceber como esta população perceciona a própria Qualidade de Vida (QV). Este trabalho tem como objetivos: adaptar e validar a escala Gencat de Calidade de vida à população portuguesa adulta com deficiência; estudar como se manifesta a Qualidade de Vida na população portuguesa adulta com deficiência; analisar a relação de QV com algumas variáveis socio demográficas da população portuguesa adulta com deficiência, tipos de incapacidades e gravidade da amostra. A escala Gencat foi aplicada a 303 pessoas com perturbações motoras, sensitivas e/ou do desenvolvimento. Foi realizada a caraterização sociodemográfica do informador e da pessoa avaliada e a caracterização da gravidade da perturbação sofrida. O estudo psicométrico resultou numa escala de 54 itens e 8 domínios: Autodeterminação, Suporte Institucional, Satisfação Ocupacional, Bem-Estar Emocional, Inclusão Social, Condições Habitacionais e Comunitárias, Auto-eficácia e Bem-estar Físico. A escala apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas. A idade está inversamente correlacionada com as dimensões apoio institucional e bemestar físico da escala de Gencat. A população analfabeta apresenta menor QV global, nomeadamente na autodeterminação, suporte institucional, inclusão social e bem-estar físico. As pessoas institucionalizadas relativamente às que vivem em contexto familiar apresentam valores mais baixos de QV, nomeadamente na autodeterminação, suporte institucional, inclusão social e auto-eficácia, mas apresentam pontuações melhores condições habitacionais e comunitárias. O grau de incapacidade e a intensidade das perturbações cognitiva, motora, autismo e cegueira correlaciona-se inversamente com a QV, nomeadamente na autodeterminação, no suporte institucional, na inclusão social e o bem-estar físico.

Promoção do desenvolvimento cognitivo em idosos com a doença de Alzheimer – as práticas e os contextos de estruturas residenciais para idosos

O crescimento da fatia da população com idade superior a 65 anos tem levado a uma maior atenção sobre as consequências sociais, económicas, políticas, principalmente nos países desenvolvidos. O estudo que se apresenta é uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa e tem características descritivas. Pretendemos conhecer de que forma as estruturas residenciais para idosos promovem o desenvolvimento cognitivo em idosos com a doença de Alzheimer através de atividades de estimulação cognitiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade aos técnicos responsáveis por quatro estruturas residenciais de idosos (ERPI), da zona centro de Portugal e os dados recolhidos foram triangulados com a análise documental e a observação naturalista realizada pela investigadora, dado que desenvolve a sua atividade profissional neste contexto Os resultados revelam que as estruturas residenciais para idosos estão sensíveis à importância de criar momentos de estimulação cognitivas para idosos com a doença de Alzheimer. Esta tarefa está dificultada não só pela lacuna na formação específica dos técnicos, como também pelo aumento de utentes com estas e outras necessidades, condicionando a ação individualizada destes técnicos. As estruturas residenciais para idosos, consideram que é necessário fazer uma adaptação do processo de institucionalização quando se trata de um utente com esta demência. Existe também uma grande preocupação em manter a capacidade motora, estimulação cognitiva, mantendo assim por mais tempo as capacidades de cada idoso por forma a ter uma melhor qualidade de vida e autonomia.

Contributo das atividades de animação sociocultural nos idosos em serviço de apoio domiciliário

A dissertação que aqui se apresenta, de cariz qualitativo, procura perceber quais os contributos que as atividades de animação sociocultural desempenham para os idosos de Serviço de Apoio Domiciliário (SAD) da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Pombal (SCMP), uma resposta social que oferece, apenas, serviços de higiene habitacional e pessoal, alimentação, tratamento de roupas e cuidados de saúde aos seus utentes. Animação Sociocultural na terceira idade surge como resposta à diminuição da sua atividade e das suas relações sociais. É considerada um fator determinante para a qualidade de vida das pessoas preservando a sua autonomia e podendo contribuir para um envelhecimento mais ativo e participativo. O método usado foi a investigação ação, com 13 utentes do serviço de apoio domiciliário, desenvolvendo-se um conjunto de atividades, previamente escolhidas por eles, como a expressão plástica, tertúlias, ginástica, caminhadas, manicure, jogos de cartas, leitura de jornais e a comemoração do aniversário. As técnicas que nos permitiram proceder à recolha de dados foram a pesquisa documental, a entrevista estruturada e a observação direta com recurso ao diário de campo. A pesquisa desenvolvida evidenciou que os utentes mostram maior interesse em desenvolver atividades que envolvam o diálogo, sobre assuntos do quotidiano pessoal e da atualidade portuguesa, e a atividade física. Percebeu-se que as atividades de animação socioculturais desenvolvidas trouxeram contributos a nível da mobilidade, das relações pessoais, da auto estima, da motricidade fina, entre outras. De futuro consideramos que as atividades de animação sociocultural devem ser um serviço a incluir na resposta social do serviço de apoio domiciliário.

Intervenção das estruturas residenciais no diagnóstico e acompanhamento de doentes de alzheimer

O envelhecimento traz consigo alguns défices cognitivos que podem levar á demência. Um dos tipos de demência mais comum é a doença de Alzheimer e, atualmente, as Estruturas Residenciais (ER) são um tipo de resposta social para acolher este tipo de utentes. O objetivo da investigação foi compreender a intervenção das Estruturas Residenciais no diagnóstico e acompanhamento de doentes de Alzheimer. Para tal, através de uma metodologia qualitativa, foram selecionadas por conveniência quatro Estruturas Residenciais do distrito de Leiria e realizou-se uma entrevista com guião semi-estruturado e um inquérito por questionário às suas diretoras técnicas. Conclui-se que, apesar das adaptações realizadas ao longo dos anos, o ambiente físico das instituições em estudo não está adaptado a utentes com este tipo de patologia. No que concerne aos recursos humanos, existe a necessidade de mais técnicos especializados e, apesar do rácio das Auxiliares de Ação Direta (AAD) estar de acordo com o exigido pela Segurança Social, existe falta de formação das mesmas. Notou-se que são realizadas fichas de avaliação diagnóstica inicial no entanto, ainda há evidentes dificuldades no cumprimento dos Planos Individuais (PI). As atividades de estimulação/ocupação não são planeadas em específicos para utentes com a doença de Alzheimer e apesar da falta de formação/informação das famílias em relação à patologia evidencia-se que estão cada vez mais presentes. Perspetiva-se para o futuro a existência de instituições mais adaptadas para acolher este tipo de utentes.

Caraterísticas miofuncionais orofaciais de indivíduos com roncopatia a envelhecer: adaptação de um protocolo de avaliação

Introdução: Vários estudos afirmam que a hipotonia das estruturas orofaríngeas está diretamente relacionada com a Roncopatia, sendo esta altamente prevalente em idosos. Um instrumento que avalie as caraterísticas miofuncionais orofaríngeas vai proporcionar um melhor conhecimento das alterações inerentes ao Ronco. Objetivos: Realizar a adaptação, para o Português Europeu, do protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial MBGR - adaptado para AOS e Ronco; Realizar a validação cultural da adaptação, para o Português Europeu, do protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial MBGR – adaptado para AOS e Ronco; Identificar as caraterísticas Miofuncionais Orofaciais de um grupo de indivíduos com Roncopatia. Metodologias: Adaptação do referido instrumento para o Português Europeu e consequente validação cultural, realizada por peritas de Língua Portuguesa e peritas em Motricidade Orofacial tendo sido igualmente aplicado a 8 indivíduos com Roncopatia. Resultados: Após as várias fases de adaptação do protocolo e aplicação a 8 elementos chegou-se ao protocolo adequado para medir o constructo a que se propõe. 6 indivíduos com Roncopatia são do sexo feminino. 100% da amostra apresenta a língua no assoalho da boca, como posição habitual, sendo que 87% tem uma largura de língua aumentada. 6 elementos da amostra têm o palato duro alto e estreito. O palato mole é identificado com assimetria e uma grande extensão. Metade da amostra apresenta úvula muito longa. Conclusões: O protocolo padronizado, aqui apresentado, é fundamental para nortear o tratamento, diminuindo as alterações Miofuncionais Orofaciais, reduzindo o ronco e melhorando a qualidade de sono do indivíduo.