Recent freshwater Ostracoda and Bivalvia from Indo-Nepal border (Tethys Himalaya): Ecological implications

We report for the first time Recent ostracods and bivalves from Central Tethys Himalaya, collected from Changru village, which is situated in the Tinker valley of northwestern Nepal near the Indo-Nepal border. The specimens were collected from the surface sediments of a small pond, shaped by a small tributary of the glacier fed Tinker River. The ostracod species belonging to the families Ilyocyprididae, Cyprididae and Candonidae and one bivalve (Pisidium sp., Family Pisidiidae) have been identified. Psychrodromus olivaccus and Potamocypris villosa are being reported for the first time from India and Nepal. Several broken and unidentifiable gyrogonites of charophyta were also recovered. The ostracod sample, as a whole, points to a shallow freshwater lake environment influenced by slowly running carbonate rich waters under cool temperatures, low mineralization and sparse vegetation. This is in accordance with the occurrence of Pisidium, which is commonly associated with ostracods in the freshwater lakes and streams. The ostracod fauna shows affinity with the fossil and extant forms recovered from the Higher and Tethys Himalaya of NW India. This opens a new opportunity for studying ostracods in the Indian Central Himalaya - a region which otherwise has been ignored until now.

Crustal Evolution of Kolli-Massif, Southern India

Southern India is a collage of numerous crustal fragments formed since the Archean (2500 Ma ago) and reworked several times during the geological history. A close look at these terrains provides a window to understand the crustal evolutionary processes experienced by the continental crust in the past, such as crustal growth (formation of crust through addition of new magma) and crustal reworking (modification of an already existing crust). Here we discuss the evolutionary history of such a crustal fragment from the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) in peninsular India, namely Kolli-massif. Geology, structural deformation through time, and the implications in crustal assembly of southern India are exponded.

Mechanism of improvement in the strength and volume change behavior of lime stabilized soil

An attempt has been made to bring out the influence on strength and volume change behavior of fabric changes and new cementitious compound formation in a soil upon addition of various lime contents and with curing periods. The effects of changes in fabric of treatment with various lime contents (0, 2,4 and 6%) and with curing periods (0, 7, 14 and 28 days) have been evaluated by one-dimensional consolidation tests, in terms of void ratio changes and compressibility. The strength of soil treated with different lime contents with curing periods up to 28 days, and with the optimum lime content of 6% up to one year has been determined by unconfined compression tests. Comparison of effects of lime on the strength and volume change behavior of the soil brings out that the formation of flocculated fabric and cation exchange significantly reduces the compressibility of soil but marginally increases the strength. Cementation of soil particles and filling with cementitious compounds of the voids of flocculated fabric in the soil marginally reduces the compressibility but significantly increases the strength. Thus, the mechanism of volume change behavior of soil treated with lower lime content at short curing periods is distinctly different from that of the soil treated with optimum lime content at longer curing periods. This is consistent with the increase in the permeability caused by the addition from 2 to 4% lime and the decrease following the addition of 6% lime. Changes consistent with mechanical behavior have been determined by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and pH value in microstructure, mineralogy, chemical composition and alkalinity, respectively. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Distribution, stability, bifurcations and catastrophe of steady rotation of a symmetrical heavy gyroscope with viscous-liquid-filled cavity

The number, the angles of orientation and the stability in Rumyantsev Movchan's sense of oblique steady rotations of a symmetric heavy gyroscope with a cavity completely filled with a uniform viscous liquid, possessing a fixed point 0 on its symmetric axis. are given for various values of the parameters. By taking the square of the upright component of the angular momentum M2 as a control parameter, three types of bifurcation diagrams of the steady rotations, two types of jumps and two kinds of local catastrophes, one being the symmetric reduced cusp type and the other being of the symmetric reduced butterfly type, are obtained. By taking account of the M2-damping owing to the moment of unavoidable faint friction, two different modes for the gyroscope, initially in a stable quasi-steady upright rotation with a nutation angle theta(s) equal to zero, to topple over are found.

Public water supplies of selected municipalities in Florida, 1970

This report summarizes municipal use of water in 138 selected municipalities in Florida as of December 1970 and includes the following: 1) Tabulation of data on water-use for each listed municipality; 2) tabulation of chemical analyses of water for each listed municipality; and 3) graphs of pumpage, included when available. Also included are selected recent references relating to geology, hydrology, and water resources of those areas in which the municipalities are located. (218 page document)

Water levels in artesian and nonartesian aquifers of Florida, 1971-72

The Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Geology, is publishing as its Information Circular No. 85 the report entitled, "Water Levels in Artesian and Non-Artesian Aquifers of Florida, 1971-72," by Henry G. Healy, of the U. S. Geological Survey. In order to prevent future shortages developing from increasing demands, the present supplies of ground water must be properly appraised before they can be effectively utilized. Records of trends and fluctuations of ground water have long formed a basis for such an appraisal. (105 page document)

Ground-water resources data of Charlotte, DeSoto, and Hardee Counties, Florida

Charlotte, De Soto, and Hardee counties are east-southeast of Tampa in west-central peninsular Florida, figure 1. In order to plan the future water-resource development of the area, information about the water resources is needed. To meet this need, the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Peace River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District as part of the statewide cooperative program with the Division of Geology, Florida Board of Conservation, began a continuing hydrologic data collection program in July, 1963, as an initial step in the investigation and evaluation of the groundwater resources of Hardee and De Soto counties. A similar hydrologic data program commenced in Charlotte County in July, 1964. Previous work in Hardee and De Soto counties included a one year reconnaissance by the Division of Water Resources and Conservation, Florida Board of Conservation, which concluded in June, 1963, and resulted in a hydrologic report (Woodard, 1964). As an outgrowth of the hydrologic data program, a Map Series report portraying the chemical character of water in the Floridan aquifer in the southern Peace River basin was prepared in 1967 (Kaufman and Dion). The data contained herein constitute the basis for the Map Series report. Additional selected data, including records of wells and chemical analyses,, on the ground-water resources of the three county area are also included and are published to make the data available. (Document has 28 pages.)

Water resource records of the Econfina Creek Basin area, Florida

The Econfina Creek basin area in northwestern Florida, which includes Bay County, southeastern Washiigton County, and parts of Calhoun, Gulf, and Jackson counties is shown in figure 1. The basin has an abundant supply of ground water and surface water of good quality. This determination is based on a three-year investigation of the water resources of the basin by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Geology, Florida Board of Conservation, during the period from October 1961 through June 1964. The purpose of this report is to assemble the basic data collected during this investigation for those persons interested in water development or management in this basin. (Document has 131 pages.)

The artesian water of the Ruskin area of Hillsborough County, Florida: interim report

The purpose of the investigation is to make a detailed study of the geology and ground water in the Ruskin area, especially as related to the problem of salt-water encroachment. The major objectives of the program includes: (1) An inventory of wells to determine their number and distribution, their depths and diameters, and other pertinent information. (2) A study of artesian pressures. (3) Analyses of water from selected wells to determine the location and extent of any areas in which the artesian water is salty. (4) A study of the surface and subsurface geology as related to the occurrence and movement of ground water. (5) An estimate of the quantity of ground water withdrawn. (PDF contains 24 pages.)

Interim report on the ground-water resources of Seminole County, Florida

Salt-water encroachment is undoubtedly the problem of most concern to users of ground water in Florida. This is a problem in many coastal areas where water levels are lowered excessively by heavy pumping. It is a problem also in some inland areas where the water-bearing formations contain salty water at relatively shallow depths. Among the coastal areas where wells have become contaminated with salt water are Pinellas County and the Miami area of Dade County. Inland areas where wells are likely to become contaminated with salt water include Seminole County and the southwestern part of Volusia County. The purpose of the investigation is to make a detailed study of the geology and ground-water resources of the county with special emphasis on the problems associated with declining water levels and salt-water contamination. This report reviews briefly the progress of the investigation through February 1954. (PDF contains 43 pages.)

Interim report on the ground-water resources of Manatee County, Florida

A large part of western Manatee County is devoted to the growing of winter vegetables and citrus fruits. As in most of peninsular Florida, rainfall in the county during the growing season is not sufficient for crop production and large quantites of artesian water are used for irrigation. The large withdrawals of artesian water for irrigation result in a considerable decline of the artesian head in the western part of the county. This seasonal decline of the artesian head has become larger as the withdrawal of artesian water has increased. The lowering of the fresh-water head in some coastal areas in the State has resulted in an infiltration of sea water into the water-bearing formations. The presence of salty water in the artesian aquifer in parts of the coastal area of Manatee County indicates that sea water may also have entered the waterbearing formations in this area as a result of the decline of artesian pressure during the growing season. The purpose of the investigation is to make a detailed study of the geology and ground-water resources of the county, primarily to determine whether salt-water encroachment has occurred or is likely to occur in the coastal area. (PDF contains 38 pages.)

Record of wells in Manatee County, Florida

A detailed study of the geology and ground-water resources of Manatee County (fig. 1) was made during the period from 1950 to 1955. This report contains a table of well records that was compiled from data collected during that investigation. The well-numbering system used in the table is based on latitude and longitude. (PDF contains 204 pages.)

Record of wells in the Ruskin area of Hillsborough County, FLorida

A detailed study of the geology and ground-water resources of the Ruskin area (fig. 1) was made during the period from 1950 to 1955, by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Florida Geological Survey and the Board of County Commissioners of Hillsborough County. The results of this study are given in a report by Harry M. Peek entitled "The artesian water of the Ruskin area of Hillsborough County, Florida" and published by the Florida Geological Survey as Report of Investigations No. 21. This report contains tables of well records that were compiled from data collected during that investigation. The well-numbering system used in the tables is based on latitude and longitude. (PDF contains 88 pages.)

Record of wells in Volusia County, Florida

A detailed study of the geology and ground-water resources of Volusia County, on the eastern coast of Florida (fig. 1), was made during the period 1953-57 by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Florida Geological Survey and the cities of Daytona Beach, New Smyrna Beach, and Port Orange. The results of this study have been published by the Florida Geological Survey in the following reports: Information Circular No. 8, entitled "Interim Report on Ground-Water Resources of Northeastern Part of Volusia County, Florida, " by Granville G. Wyrickand Willard P. Leutze;, and Report of Investigations No. 22, entitled "Ground-Water Resources of Volusia County, Florida, " by Granville G. Wyrick. This report contains a table of well records that was compiled from data collected during that investigation. longitude. (PDF contains 100 pages.)

Geologic History of Florida

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