998 resultados para Ansiedade. Bruxismo. Mastigação. Sistema estomatognático. Impacto psicossocial


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Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

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De acordo com a Agência Europeia para a Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho “todos os anos, mais de 5.550 pessoas perdem a vida na União Europeia em consequência de acidentes de trabalho”. As organizações todos os anos perdem muitas horas de trabalho devido a esses acidentes, o que se traduz em perdas económicas e financeiras, que podem comprometer a competitividade e produtividade das mesmas. Num período em que a situação económico-financeira da maioria das organizações tem vindo a ser comprometida derivado à situação de crise que atravessa em particular o nosso país, é da máxima importância analisar todos os campos constituintes da organização e avaliar o seu risco e impacto de cada um no seu todo, assim sendo perante esta realidade a Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho é também um dos temas que deve ser tido em conta e não menosprezado. Este tema tem vindo a ser cada vez mais debatido pelas organizações e assiste-se a uma mudança de ideias relativamente à sua importância no contexto organizacional pelos efeitos colaterais positivos bem como por obrigatoriedade legal consagrada nos artigos 59.º e 64.º da Constituição da República Portuguesa. Assim, este trabalho de projeto visa avaliar o Centro social, Cultural e Recreativo de Botão em termos de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho, com o objetivo de implementar um Sistema de Gestão de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho, de modo a identificar e minimizar os riscos no local de trabalho, melhorar as condições de trabalho e contribuir para a Instituição cumprir com o seu dever legal e moral. Este trabalho de projeto foi concebido tendo por base visitas às instalações da organização, comunicação com os trabalhadores e responsáveis pela mesma e elaboração de listas de verificação tendo em consideração os requisitos legais e outros aplicáveis em matéria de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho de forma a atingir o objetivo.

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Os mais recentes desenvolvimentos, numa das maiores crises migratórias na história na Europa mostrou a clara necessidade de preparação para fornecer ajuda a todos os que estão a atravessar as fronteiras à procura de segurança e de melhor vida, deixando muitas vezes para trás os seus familiares e pertences. O facto de estarem deslocados e as experiências de vida como a exposição à violência e destruição no país de origem ou durante o processo de migração, tem um potencial impacto negativo para a saúde mental e bem-estar dos migrantes – impacto este comprovado pela investigação e literatura científica. O presente manual reconhece a importância desses impactos negativos e apresenta estratégias e guidelines de apoio psicossocial, não apenas para os técnicos que prestam apoio nas fronteiras europeias, mas, sobretudo para quem vai receber os migrantes no seu país. O manual tem como visão promover abordagens específicas de apoio psicossocial para diferentes dimensões de assistência humanitária em situações de crise e pós-crise durante o processo de migração. Os eixos estratégicos do manual assentam no reforço dos mecanismos de resiliência, promovendo recursos individuais e da comunidade, compreender as necessidades e solicitações identificadas pelos migrantes e estabelecer (ou reativar) a ligação com a rede de apoio social, privilegiando os laços emocionais, culturais ou religiosos.

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Dada a importância da reabilitação urbana e o peso financeiro associado às operações, identifiquei os instrumentos fiscais associados à reabilitação e a aplicabilidade de um deles à área de reabilitação urbana Coimbra Baixa. Começa-se por encontrar uma definição de cidade, como sistema social complexo em constante evolução e enunciam-se as principais modificações sofridas ao longo do tempo histórico. Dentre os acontecimentos históricos, faz-se alusão à Revolução industrial, período que alterou a economia e a sociedade até então existente e o período do pós II Guerra Mundial, época de construção nova e reconstrução. Portugal, fortemente influenciado pelas mudanças trazidas pela era industrial, como o êxodo rural e a desertificação progressiva dos centros urbanos, apresenta como característica urbanística a expansão do território, construída sem um procedimento planificado e regulamentado. As medidas politicas e legais que foram implementadas, como, o congelamento das rendas, inibitório de investimento na manutenção e conservação dos imóveis arrendados e a tradição portuguesa de comprar ou construir imoveis para habitação ao invés de arrendar, contribuíram fortemente para a degradação física do edificado. Perante o estado avançado de degradação das áreas centrais, foram implementadas políticas urbanas de reabilitação como alternativa à construção nova. Para tal, foram criados e implantados diversos programas de apoio financeiro, nacionais e europeus que se descrevem. Relativamente à regulação da reabilitação urbana, identificam-se os diversos diplomas legais existentes, que regulam as intervenções de reabilitação urbana que contemplam. Seguidamente procede-se a uma análise sucinta do sistema fiscal português e à descrição dos tributos suscetíveis de afetar a reabilitação urbana, identificando-se os benefícios fiscais criados para incentivar e promover as ações de reabilitação urbana. Finalmente, com a aplicação de um caso prático, procura-se avaliar o impacto do benefício fiscal, em sede de IMI, à área de reabilitação urbana intitulada de Coimbra Baixa, no município de Coimbra.

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A aceitação e o uso de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) pelo indivíduo têm sido estudadas por diferentes modelos conceituais que, em geral, derivaram de teorias da Psicologia como a TRA Theory of Reasoned Action e a TPB Theory of Planned Behavior, derivada da primeira. Um importante modelo de análise dai derivado, resultado da minuciosa análise de outros 8 modelos anteriores, o UTAUT - Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology de VENKATESH et. al. (2003) tem sido largamente analisado e validado em vários cenários de tecnologia e ambientes. Este trabalho visa compreender de uma maneira mais ampla dos fatores antecedentes da intenção de uso e comportamento de uso a partir do modelo UTAUT, bem como os fatores que melhores explicam a intenção e o comportamento de uso, assim como a análise de seus moderadores. Em seu desenvolvimento, Venkatesh et al. empreenderam comparações em três etapas de implantação e em dois cenários: na adoção mandatória, aquela em que se deu em ambiente empresarial onde o sistema é requerido para execução de processos e tomada de decisões, e na adoção voluntária, cenário em que a adoção se dá pelo indivíduo. No segundo caso, os autores concluíram que o fator influência social tem baixa magnitude e significância, não se revelando um fator importante na adoção da tecnologia. Este trabalho visa analisar também se o mesmo fenômeno ocorre para adoção que se dá de forma voluntária, mas passível de ser altamente influenciada pelos laços sociais, como o que ocorre entre usuários das redes sociais como Orkut, Facebook, Twitter e Linkedin, especialmente em tecnologias que habilitam ganhos associados ao exercício desses laços, como no caso do uso de sites de compras coletivas tais como Peixe Urbano, Groupon e Clickon. Com base no modelo UTAUT, foi aplicada uma pesquisa e posteriormente foram analisados os resultados de 292 respondentes validados que foram acessados por e-mails e redes sociais. A técnica de análise empregada consistiu do uso de modelagem por equações estruturais, com base no algoritmo PLS Partial Least Square, com bootstrap de 1000 reamostragens. Os resultados demonstraram alta magnitude e significância preditiva sobre a Intenção de uso da tecnologia pelos fatores de Expectativa de Desempenho (0,288@0,1%), Influência Social (0,176@0,1%). Os primeiro, compatível com estudos anteriores. Já a magnitude e significância do último fator resultou amplamente superior ao estudo original de Venkatesh et al. (2003) variando entre 0,02 a 0,04, não significante, dependendo dos dados estarem agrupados ou não (p.465). A principal conclusão deste estudo é que, ao considerarmos o fenômeno das compras coletivas, em um ambiente de adoção voluntária, portanto, o fator social é altamente influente na intenção de uso da tecnologia, o que contrasta fortemente com o estudo original do UTAUT (já que no estudo de Venkatesh et al. (2003) este fator não foi significante) e apresenta várias possibilidades de pesquisas futuras e possíveis implicações gerenciais.

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O uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas tem sido objeto de preocupação e alvo de políticas públicas de enfrentamento, praticamente no mundo todo. O reconhecimento de que tal forma de uso acarreta relevantes consequências econômicas, sociais, acadêmicas, familiares e de saúde física e mental, tem levado as autoridades competentes a criar programas que visam a fazer frente à expansão desse fenômeno. No Brasil, após um período em que o tratamento oferecido aos usuários de substâncias era predominantemente asilar, vem ocorrendo mudanças significativas no modelo de atenção a essa população, notadamente com a implantação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas, dentro da estrutura do Sistema Único de Saúde SUS. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar a percepção dos pro-fissionais de saúde mental que atuam no CAPS-ad, sobre a pertinência e a eficácia das abor-dagens e técnicas por eles utilizadas no atendimento aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas. Visa também a conhecer a formação acadêmica e complementar desses trabalhadores; a natu-reza das relações profissionais que se estabelecem entre os membros da equipe; os resultados obtidos com o trabalho e o grau de satisfação dos profissionais com esses resultados. Objetiva ainda a identificar a representação que eles fazem desses usuários e o grau de confiança na proposta CAPS-ad. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a técnica de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado com base na técnica de Análise de Conte-údo de Laurence Bardin. A investigação revelou que os profissionais não têm formação para lidar com dependência química, que a equipe não atua de forma interdisciplinar e que o trata-mento é realizado de forma aleatória e com baixa eficácia. A representação que fazem do usu-ário é a de um indivíduo doente e ou vitimado pelas condições familiares e sócio-econômicas. Constatou-se também que a maioria dos profissionais tem dúvidas quanto à adequação do CAPS-ad como proposta para cuidar dos usuários de álcool e outras drogas.

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This work describes the design process of a small recreational gated community in Pium, Nísia Floresta/RN, from concept to final design stages, with emphasis on low environmental impact, thermal comfort and the spatial quality of housing. The process consisted in a review of the literature and relevant standards, studies of design references and architectural programming. The project development was initially focused on the project’s feasibility, with the definition of the number of units, implantation, size and location of the dwellings and the common areas of the development. Two types of houses (four low rise and five duplex units) have been proposed in order to attend the premises of architectural programming. The conception of the architectural design began with the rooms’ zoning according to the lots. This resulted in the pre-selection of three alternatives that were evaluated in terms of spatial quality and environmental performance. The development of sketches focused on the envelope consistent with the bioclimatic guidelines and on the language of the compatible proposal with the lowest possible environmental impact of the building system, which resulted in the selection of the eucalyptus wood type. During the working drawings, the Quality Technical Regulation for the Level of Energy Efficiency Residential Buildings (RTQ -R) was adopted for the evaluation of the envelope, which resulted in "B" level of efficiency for the first case. After minor adjustments, mainly in frames, the efficiency level rose to "A", demonstrating that early project decisions contributed to the envelope energy performance. Besides the design of the two types of units, the final proposal of the gated community includes the design of the equipment for the common areas (entrance, multipurpose room and support and service sector), and the descriptive texts explaining the project and construction’s details.

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Tailings dams are structures that aims to retain the solid waste and water from mining processes. Its analysis and planning begins with searching of location for deployment, step on which to bind all kinds of variables that directly or indirectly influence the work, such as geological, hydrological, tectonic, topographic, geotechnical, environmental, social characteristics, evaluation security risks, among others. Thus, this paper aims to present a study on the most appropriate and secure type of busbar to design a layout structure of iron ore tailings, taking into account all the above mentioned variables. The case study involves the assessment of sites for location of dams of tailings disposal beneficiation of iron mine to be built in Bonito, in the municipality of Jucurutu in Seridó Potiguar. For site selection among alternatives, various aspects of the current state of the art were considered, one that causes the least environmental impact, low cost investment, adding value to the product and especially the safety of the implanted structure mitigates the concern about induced earthquakes as a result of liquefaction wastes somatized by dams in the region, as the tilling of Mina Bonito is located practically in the hydraulic basin dam Armando Ribeiro in environmental protection (APA). The methodology compares induced by dams in the semiarid region with the characteristics of the waste disposal and sterile seismicity, taking into account the enhancement of liquefaction by the action of seismicity in the Mina Bonito region. With the fulcrum in the methodology, we indicated the best busbar type for disposal of tailings from iron ore or combination of them, to be designed and built in semiarid particularly for Mina Bonito. Also presents a number of possible uses for the tailings and in engineering activities, which may cause processing to the common good.

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Ethanol-dependent individuals who reduce or discontinue its use may present Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, which is characterized by unpleasant signs and symptoms, such as anxiety, that may trigger relapses. Ethanol, a psychotropic drug, is able to promote behavioral and neurophysiological changes, acting on different neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonergic, which has also been directly associated with aversive states, including anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the participation of type 7 serotonin receptor (5-HT7) of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) on basal experimental anxiety and that caused by ethanol withdrawal. For this, 75-100 days old Wistar rats were subjected to two experiments. On the first one, animals underwent stereotactic surgery for implantation of guide cannulas used for administration of the drug directly into the DPAG. After seven days, the animals received doses of 2.5; 5 and 10 nmols of type 7 receptor antagonist SB269970 (SB) or vehicle intra-DPAG and, ten minutes after, they were exposed to elevated plus maze (EPM). In the following day, the animals were submitted to the same treatment and tested in the open field (OF). In the second experiment, animals received increasing concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%) of ethanol as the only source of liquid diet or water (control group), both with free access to chow. Seventy two hours and ninety six hours after the ethanol withdrawal, animals received SB (2.5 and 5.0 nmols) intraDPAG ten minutes before the test in the LCE and OF, respectively. In experiment 1, the dose of antagonist 10 nmols was able of reversing the anxiety generated by EPM. In the experiment 2, ineffective SB doses on the LCE (2.5 and 5.0 nmol) were not able to reverse the anxiety caused by the ethanol withdrawal in the EPM, although the dose of 2.5 nmols of SB has reversed its hipolocomotor effect in this test. This result suggests that the 5-HT7 receptor is involved in the modulation of the basal experimental anxiety in rats, but not in the anxiety caused by ethanol withdrawal in the DPAG.

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Anxiety disorders and Parkinson’s disease (PD) affect a large portion of the world population. Indeed, therapeutic alternatives available do not contribute to improve most clinical conditions and/or are linked with undesirable side effects. Thus, there is a great demand for the development of new drugs to treatment of these diseases. Passiflora cincinnata Mast. is a native species present in several Brazilian states, popularly known as “maracujá do mato”, “maracujá tubarão” or “maracujá mochila”. Additionally, species of Passiflora genus are traditionally known for their exotic flowers, edible fruits with pronounced flavor and for their sedative, tranquilizer and anxiolytic properties reported by folk medicine. These plants possess important organic compounds such as phenols, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids, which are responsible for the anxiolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, among others activities when tested in mammals. Despite this fact, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the possible in vivo biological effects of Passiflora cincinnata Mast extracts. Thereby, in this study we evaluated the effects of the alcoholic extract of this plant in anxiety and PD animal model. Mice acutely or chronically administered with ethanolic extract of P. cincinnata do not showed any anxiogenic- or anxyolitic-like effect in elevated plus maze (EPM). In order to reproduce PD symptom’s in mice, we administered repeated injections of reserpine which progressively induced motor impairments such as increase in catalepsy, oral movements, and reduction of the average speed of the animals in the open field, as well as depleted dopamine prodution in SNpc cells. Furthermore, this treatment resulted in the loss of aversive memory recall in mice when undergoing PMDAT. Yet, passiflora group also show this amnesic profile. However, animals treated concomitantly with the alcoholic extract of Passiflora cincinnata Mast. showed higher latency for the onset of motor impairment evaluated by catalepsy. Thus, our results shows that the alcoholic extract of the plant P. cincinnata was able to delay the onset of the catalepsy induced by reserpine administration, plus reverted the depletion of dopamine production in SNpc cells.

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The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

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The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

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Human development requires a broad balance between ecological, social and economic factors in order to ensure its own sustainability. In this sense, the search for new sources of energy generation, with low deployment and operation costs, which cause the least possible impact to the environment, has been the focus of attention of all society segments. To do so, the reduction in exploration of fossil fuels and the encouragement of using renewable energy resources for distributed generation have proved interesting alternatives to the expansion of the energy matrix of various countries in the world. In this sense, the wind energy has acquired an increasingly significant role, presenting increasing rates of power grid penetration and highlighting technological innovations such as the use of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). In Brazil, this fact has also been noted and, as a result, the impact of the inclusion of this source in the distribution and sub-transmission power grid has been a major concern of utilities and agents connected to Brazilian electrical sector. Thus, it is relevant the development of appropriate computational tools that allow detailed predictive studies about the dynamic behavior of wind farms, either operating with isolated load, either connected to the main grid, taking also into account the implementation of control strategies for active/reactive power generation and the keeping of adequate levels of voltage and frequency. This work fits in this context since it comprises mathematical and computational developments of a complete wind energy conversion system (WECS) endowed with PMSG using time domain techniques of Alternative Transients Program (ATP), which prides itself a recognized reputation by scientific and academic communities as well as by electricity professionals in Brazil and elsewhere. The modeling procedures performed allowed the elaboration of blocks representing each of the elements of a real WECS, comprising the primary source (the wind), the wind turbine, the PMSG, the frequency converter, the step up transformer, the load composition and the power grid equivalent. Special attention is also given to the implementation of wind turbine control techniques, mainly the pitch control responsible for keeping the generator under the maximum power operation point, and the vector theory that aims at adjusting the active/reactive power flow between the wind turbine and the power grid. Several simulations are performed to investigate the dynamic behavior of the wind farm when subjected to different operating conditions and/or on the occurrence of wind intensity variations. The results have shown the effectiveness of both mathematical and computational modeling developed for the wind turbine and the associated controls.

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Advances in neonatology resulted in reducing the mortality rate and the consequent increase in survival of newborn pre terms (PTN). On the other hand, there was also a considerable increase in the risk of developing health care-related infection (HAI) in its most invasive, especially for bloodstream. This situation is worrying, and prevent the occurrence of it is a challenge and becomes one of the priorities in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Sepsis is the main cause of death in critical neonates and affects more than one million newborns each year, representing 40% of all deaths in neonates. The incidence of late sepsis can reach 50% in NICUs. Currently the major responsible for the occurrence of sepsis in developed countries is the coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), followed by S. aureus. The cases of HAIs caused by resistant isolates for major classes of antimicrobial agents have been increasingly frequent in the NICU. Therefore, vancomycin has to be prescribed more frequently, and, today, the first option in the treatment of bloodstream infections by resistant Staphylococcus. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact on late sepsis in epidemiology III NICU after the change of the use of antimicrobials protocol; check the frequency of multiresistant microorganisms; assess the number of neonates who came to death. This study was conducted in NICU Level III HC-UFU. three study groups were formed based on the use of the proposed late sepsis treatment protocol, with 216 belonging to the period A, 207 B and 209 to the C. The work was divided into three stages: Period A: data collected from neonates admitted to the unit between September 2010 to August 2011. was using treatment of late sepsis: with oxacillin and gentamicin, oxacillin and amikacin, oxacillin and cefotaxime. Period B: data were collected from March 2012 to February 2013. Data collection was started six months after protocol change. Due to the higher prevalence of CoNS, the initial protocol was changed to vancomycin and cefotaxime. Period C: data were collected from newborns inteerne in the unit from September 2013 to August 2014. Data collection was started six months after the protocol change, which occurred in March 2013. From the 632 neonates included in this study, 511 (80,8%) came from the gynecology and obstetrics department of the HC-UFU. The mean gestational age was 33 weeks and the prevailing sex was male (55,7%). Seventy-nine percent of the studied neonates were hospitalized at the NICU HC-UFU III because of complications related to the respiratory system. Suspicion of sepsis took to hospitalization in the unit of 1,9% of newborns. In general, the infection rate was 34,5%, and the most frequent infectious sepsis syndrome 81,2%. There was a tendency to reduce the number of neonates who died between periods A 11 and C (p = 0,053). From the 176 cases of late sepsis, 73 were clinical sepsis and 103 had laboratory confirmation, with greater representation of Gram positive bacteria, which corresponded to 67.2% of the isolates and CoNS the most frequent micro-organism (91,5%). There was a statistically significant difference in the reduction of isolation of Gram positive microorganisms between periods A and C (p = 0,0365) as well as in reducing multidrug-resistant CoNS (A and B period p = 0,0462 and A and C period, p = 0,158). This study concluded that: the CoNS was the main microorganism responsible for the occurrence of late sepsis in neonates in the NICU of HC-UFU; the main risk factors for the occurrence of late sepsis were: birth weight <1500 g, use of PICC and CUV, need for mechanical ventilation and parenteral nutrition, SNAPPE> 24 and length of stay more than seven days; the new empirical treatment protocol late sepsis, based on the use of vancomycin associated cefepime, it was effective, since promoted a reduction in insulation CoNS blood cultures between the pre and post implementation of the Protocol (A and C, respectively); just as there was a reduction in the number of newborns who evolved to death between periods A and C.

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El concepto de seguridad en el uso de los medicamentos ha experimentado importantes cambios en los últimos años. La complejidad en el sistema de utilización de los mismos es cada vez mayor, lo que supone un incremento de posibles errores. Un elevado porcentaje de estos errores son prevenibles y la concienciación del personal sanitario desempeña un papel fundamental en la promoción de prácticas de seguridad efectivas que contribuyan a disminuir su incidencia. Se denominan “medicamentos de alto riesgo” aquellos que cuando se utilizan incorrectamente presentan un gran riesgo de causar daños graves o incluso mortales a los pacientes. Por ello, los medicamentos de alto riesgo son objetivo prioritario de las recomendaciones de mejora de la seguridad clínica desarrolladas por organismos expertos en seguridad del paciente. Los sedantes moderados, los opiáceos y los agonistas adrenérgicos para administración intravenosa, todos ellos utilizados en el manejo de pacientes ingresados en Unidades de Medicina Intensiva, están incluidos en la relación de medicamentos de alto riesgo del Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). La estandarización de los medicamentos de alto riesgo se encuentra entre las prácticas seguras que se recomienda implantar en los hospitales de forma prioritaria. Se aconseja implantar prácticas específicas dirigidas a mejorar la seguridad que consisten fundamentalmente en simplificar y estandarizar procedimientos. La utilización de protocolos y la centralización de la preparación de mezclas intravenosas de este tipo de medicamentos en el Servicio de Farmacia (SF), se encuentran entre estas medidas. Por otro lado, las Unidades de Vigilancia Intensiva son un entorno de trabajo complejo donde el riesgo de que se produzca un error de medicación es cercano al 10% por día, siendo los pacientes críticos particularmente sensibles a sus consecuencias. Considerando este contexto, está justificado el desarrollo de un proyecto orientado a fomentar la elaboración y uso de protocolos de medicamentos de alto riesgo que ayuden a disminuir la variabilidad de la práctica clínica en el manejo del paciente crítico, aumentando así la seguridad en su utilización...