Impact of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice simulations from 1990 to 2007

The extent and thickness of the Arctic sea ice cover has decreased dramatically in the past few decades with minima in sea ice extent in September 2007 and 2011 and climate models did not predict this decline. One of the processes poorly represented in sea ice models is the formation and evolution of melt ponds. Melt ponds form on Arctic sea ice during the melting season and their presence affects the heat and mass balances of the ice cover, mainly by decreasing the value of the surface albedo by up to 20%. We have developed a melt pond model suitable for forecasting the presence of melt ponds based on sea ice conditions. This model has been incorporated into the Los Alamos CICE sea ice model, the sea ice component of several IPCC climate models. Simulations for the period 1990 to 2007 are in good agreement with observed ice concentration. In comparison to simulations without ponds, the September ice volume is nearly 40% lower. Sensitivity studies within the range of uncertainty reveal that, of the parameters pertinent to the present melt pond parameterization and for our prescribed atmospheric and oceanic forcing, variations of optical properties and the amount of snowfall have the strongest impact on sea ice extent and volume. We conclude that melt ponds will play an increasingly important role in the melting of the Arctic ice cover and their incorporation in the sea ice component of Global Circulation Models is essential for accurate future sea ice forecasts.

On the F-word: a corpus-based analysis of the media representation of Feminism in British and German press discourse,1990-2009

Research in social psychology has shown that public attitudes towards feminism are mostly based on stereotypical views linking feminism with leftist politics and lesbian orientation. It is claimed that such attitudes are due to the negative and sexualised media construction of feminism. Studies concerned with the media representation of feminism seem to confirm this tendency. While most of this research provides significant insights into the representation of feminism, the findings are often based on a small sample of texts. Also, most of the research was conducted in an Anglo-American setting. This study attempts to address some of the shortcomings of previous work by examining the discourse of feminism in a large corpus of German and British newspaper data. It does so by employing the tools of Corpus Linguistics. By investigating the collocation profiles of the search term feminism, we provide evidence of salient discourse patterns surrounding feminism in two different cultural contexts.

“There’s something very familiar about all this”: generic play and performance in the Back to the Future trilogy (Robert Zemeckis, 1985, 1989, 1990)

The Back to the Future Trilogy incorporates several different generic elements, including aspects of the fifties teen movie, science fiction, comedy and the western. These different modes playfully intertwine with each other creating a complex world of repetitions, echoes and modulations. This essay seeks to interrogate the construction of generic elements and the play between them through a close analysis of a repeated performance. Genre is signalled through various strategies employed within the construction of mise-en-scène, a significant portion of this, as I would like to argue, is transmitted through performance. The material detail of a performance – incorporating gesture, movement, voice, and even surrounding elements such as costume – as well as the way it its presented within a film is key to the establishment, invocation and coherence of genre. Furthermore, attention to the complexity of performance details, particularly in the manner in which they reverberate across texts, demonstrates the intricacy of genre and its inherent mutability. The Back to the Future trilogy represents a specific interest in the flexibility of genre. Within each film, and especially across all three, aspects of various genres are interlaced through both visual and narrative detail, thus constructing a dense layer of references both within and without the texts. To explore this patterning in more detail I will interrogate the contribution of performance to generic play through close analysis of Thomas F. Wilson’s performance of Biff/Griff/Burford Tannen and his central encounter with Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox) in each film. These moments take place in a fifties diner, a 1980s retro diner and a saloon respectively, each space contributing the similarities and differences in each repetition. Close attention to Wilson’s performance of each related character, which contains both modulations and repetitions used specifically to place each film’s central generic theme, demonstrates how embedded the play between genres and their flexibility is within the trilogy.

Socioekonomisk omvandling i Borlänge 1990-2008 med fokus på bostadsområdet Jakobsgårdarna : Hur påverka omflyttningen befolkningsstrukturen i ett bostadsområde?

Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka hur individers flyttningsmönster mellan olika bostads-områden påverkar olika segregationsprocesser i Borlänge stad.  Studien visar att Borlänge ligger i mittskiktet om man jämför andelen befolkning med utländskbakgrund i Sveriges alla kommuner. Trots att Borlänge har en förhållandevis låg andel befolkning med utländsk bakgrund har den etniska och socioekonomiska segregationen mellan olika bostadsområden i Borlänge ökat mellan åren 1990-2008. Runt år 2000 har det skett en förändring inom gruppen med utländsk bakgrund där de osynliga minoriteterna (Europa, USA, Kanada, Australien) har minskat och de synliga minoriteterna (utanför Europa undantaget USA, Kanada och Australien) har ökat. Jakobsgårdarna tillsammans med Tjärna ängar och Bullermyren kan karakteriseras som särskilt utsatt områden med en hög andel befolkning med utländsk bakgrund och invånarna är också socioekonomiskt svagare än invånare i andra områden i Borlänge. Den dominerande boend-eformen i Jakobsgårdarna (samt i Tjärna ängar och Bullermyren) är hyreslägenheter ägda av allmännyttan. Det blir därför naturligt att området har en befolkning som är i starten på sin boende-, utbildnings- och yrkeskarriär. Det visar sig i materialet då befolkningen i området är relativt ung dvs. det finns inte så många andra områden som man kan flytta till om man ska flytta hemifrån, då de flesta andra bostadsområden i Borlänge består av privatägda egnahem. Detta får betydelse för befolkningen med utländsk bakgrund, eftersom de av olika skäl har svårare att hitta arbete, få en inkomst etc. blir de kvar i området eller roterar mellan bostadsområdena Jakobs-gårdarna, Tjärna ängar och Bullermyren eftersom det inte finns några andra alternativa boenden. Då utbudet av hyreslägenheter är relativt liten i Borlänge är det troligtvis de sk institutions-genererade flyttningarna som är en grundläggande orsak till den etniska segregationen i Borlänge. Runt år 2002 accelererar utflyttningen av svenskfödda i Jakobsgårdarna och andelen synliga minoriteter ökar i området, det tyder på att det finns ett mönster av sk segregationsgenererande flyttningar från området, dvs. de som har möjlighet flyttar ut ur bostadsområdet gör det. De individer som flyttar från Jakobsgårdarna har en starkare socioekonomiskt ställning än de som flyttar in i området, därför reproduceras den socioekonomiska segregationen och blir ihållande. Denna process gör att området i framtiden, om ingenting görs, troligtvis kommer att förbli ett socioekonomiskt svagt område. Tillsamman med de institutions -och segregationsgenererande flyttningarna riskerar Jakobsgårdarna att bli ännu mer etniskt och socioekonomiskt segregerat från övriga områden i Borlänge.

Decomposing Consumer Wealth Effects: Evidence on the Role of Real Estate Assets Following the Wealth Cycle of 1990-2002

During the period of 1990-2002 US households experienced a dramatic wealth cycle, induced by a 369% appreciation in the value of real per capita liquid stock market assets followed by a 55% decline. However, consumer spending in real terms continued to rise throughout this period. Using data from 1990-2005, traditional life-cycle approaches to estimating macroeconomic wealth effects confront two puzzles: (i) econometric evidence of a stable cointegrating relationship among consumption, income, and wealth is weak at best; and (ii) life-cycle models that rely on aggregate measures of wealth cannot explain why consumption did not collapse when the value of stock market assets declined so dramatically. We address both puzzles by decomposing wealth according to the liquidity of household assets. We find that the significant appreciation in the value of real estate assets that occurred after the peak of the wealth cycle helped sustain consumer spending from 2001 to 2005.

Urban Sprawl: Population Migration from 1990-2003

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1989-1990 Yearbook

Vol. 8, Sept. 1990; 136 p.; b&w, color photographs TOC: Activities & Events…17 / Clubs & Programs…33 / Graduation…49 CREDITS: FACULTY ADVISOR, Vincent Banrey; PROJECT DIRECTOR, Catherine Whan; EDITORS, Luis Lopez; ASST. EDITOR, Rodolfo Medina; ART: Rodolfo Medina (Cover Design; Back Endsheet; Division Pages), Peter Abbate (Front Endsheet). GRAPHIC ARTIST: Rodolfo "Funky Cold' Medina. LAYOUT DESIGNERS: Vincent Banrey, Marino "Tito" Cabrera, Ann Marie Edwards, Charletin Enock, Ana Lisa Gonzalez, Edward Hollins, Luis Lopez, Peter Martinez, Rodolfo Medina, JilI Nage, Angela ?, Keith ?, Daly Rodriguez, Catherine Whan. WRITERS: Marino "Tito" Cabrera, Vincent Cousin, Edward Hollins, Luis Lopez, JilI Nage, Cathy Passiglia, Eartha Porter, Daly Rodriguez, Christiana Sommerville, Catherine Whan. PHOTOGRAPHERS: Peter Abbate, Marino "Tito" Cabrera, Charletin Enock, Milton Ferriera, Fran Gibson, Alexandra Gomez, Bernadette Henry, Edward Hollins, Juan Jiminez, Umoja Kwanguvu, Luis Lopez, Rodolfo Medina, Allen Scribner, Frank Tocco, Catherine Wran, Alan O. Young. Special Thanks to Cathy Soria of Classic Studio (as well as Frank & Tommy).

Perspective: LaGuardia Community College Newsletter (January 1990)

Perspective is a newsletter published periodically to keep the faculty, students, staff, and community informed about the activities taking place on the campus of LaGuardia Community College.

Perspective: LaGuardia Community College Newsletter (April 1990)

Perspective is a newsletter published periodically to keep the faculty, students, staff, and community informed about the activities taking place on the campus of LaGuardia Community College.

Think Globally - Act Locally: Earth Day 1990 / Norman Clayton

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O quadrinho alternativo brasileiro nas décadas de 1980 e 1990

Tendo como inspiração o comix underground norte-americano, os quadrinhos alternativos brasileiros revelaram vários artistas de talento, muitos deles reconhecidos inclusive no exterior, e abordaram criticamente temas relevantes da realidade brasileira. O mercado editorial de Histórias em Quadrinhos no Brasil sempre esteve sujeito às intempéries políticas e econômicas, mas, ao longo das décadas de 1980 e 1990, com o processo de redemocratização e apesar da crise inflacionária, a produção alternativa de histórias em quadrinhos conquistou o público-leitor. Uma das editoras mais expressivas nesse contexto foi a Circo Editorial.