Wer will huldigen? Ick nich! Wer noch? Ick bin en Preuße! Kennst Du meine Fäuste? Ein Jlaubens-Bekenntniss: Kinderkens, duht mich man den Jefallen und ängst't Euch nich ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Ablehnung der für den 6. August 1848 geplanten Huldigung des preußischen Militärs vor dem Reichsverweser. Diesem stünde es besser an, seinerseits vor dem Monument des Großen Kurfürsten zu huldigen. " ... seit den Ollen Fritzen seine Zeit is des Preußsche Milletär des ausländsche Huldjen nich mehr jewohne". Die Einigung Deutschlands ist ohne Preußen nicht zu denken, Österreich dagegen ist diesem Prozeß eher hinderlich

Was müssen wir thun, wenn der Kaiser nicht kommen will? Eine höchst wichtige Zeitfrage: Ein altes Sprichwort sagt: "Geduld bringt Rosen" ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Aufforderung Kaiser Ferdinands zur Rückkehr nach Wien. Sollte dieser dazu nicht willens sein, ist die Wiener Bevölkerung sich selbst und der Dynastie schuldig, ihn zu bitten, "eine Krone nieder zu legen, deren Pflichten er entweder nicht gewachsen ist, oder welche ihm zuwider sind."

Auch ein Flugblatt aus der deutschen Nationalversammlung: Das souveräne Volk an seine Diener: Heiliger Sankt Blum, Sankt Zitz, Sankt Schlöffel, wo will das hinaus! ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Desinformationsschrift von reaktionärer Seite anläßlich des Protests der Linken gegen das am 28. Juni 1848 verabschiedete Gesetz der Frankfurter Nationalversammlung über die provisorische Zentralgewalt (vgl. Flugbl. Sf 16/104, Bd. 25). Versuch, die Abgeordneten Blum, Zitz und Schlöffel als Vertreter der demokratischen Linken durch die Veröffentlichung ultraradikaler Forderungen ihrer vermeintlichen Anhänger ("Ihr müßt uns einen Tag und einen Ort bestimmen, wo wir Alle zusammenkommen und losschlagen") sowie durch die Vortragung absichtlich absurder Gedankengänge in Mißkredit zu bringen: "Die Reaktion spricht von Wiederkehr des Vertrauens; Viele ... bedenken nicht, daß mit dem Vertrauen auch die Arbeit wiederkehrt, welche für das souveräne Volk der Zustand tiefster Erniedrigung ist. - Das Mandat, welches ihr von uns erhalten, lautet nicht auf Arbeit, sondern auf Wohlstand, Bildung und Freiheit für uns Alle. Gebt uns Freiheit und Wohlstand, die Bildung wollen wir Andern lassen ... "

Aufforderung: Jeder Waffenfähige, welcher sich dem dritten Bataillon der Mobil-Garde einreihen will ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Freiwilligenwerbung für das dritte Bataillon der Wiener Mobilgarde

Herr Pfuel is een braver Mann, der seine Schuldigkeit gedhan! Graf Brandenburg, ach geh zum Küster, dir will hier Keener als Minister: Eene Leichenrede, bei'n Abtritt von's Ministerium Pfuel: Hier stell'n Se man den Sarg her, stille Leidtragende ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Angesichts des neuen Ministeriums des Grafen von Brandenburg, "eines führenden Repräsentanten der hochkonservativen Militärpartei" [Hachtmann: Berlin 1848, S. 740] erscheint der scheidende Ministerpräsident Pfuel in einem anderen Licht: "Bedriegen wollt'ste uns nich un helfen konnste uns nich - da dankste ab. - Olle ehrliche Haut! Wir haben dir verkannt ..."

Update on food allergy

Food allergies are a global health issue with increasing prevalence. Allergic reactions can range from mild local symptoms to severe anaphylactic reactions. Significant progress has been made in diagnostic tools such as component-resolved diagnostics and its impact on risk stratification as well as in therapeutic approaches including biologicals. However, a cure for food allergy has not yet been achieved and patients and their families are forced to alter eating habits and social engagements, impacting their quality of life. New technologies and improved in vitro and in vivo models will advance our knowledge of the pathogenesis of food allergies and multicenter-multinational cohort studies will elucidate interactions between genetic background, lifestyle, and environmental factors. This review focuses on new insights and developments in the field of food allergy and summarizes recently published articles.

Risk management at board level: a practical guide for board members

isk Management today has moved from being the topic of top level conferences and media discussions to being a permanent issue in the board and top management agenda. Several new directives and regulations in Switzerland, Germany and EU make it obligatory for the firms to have a risk management strategy and transparently disclose the risk management process to their stakeholders. Shareholders, insurance providers, banks, media, analysts, employees, suppliers and other stakeholders expect the board members to be pro-active in knowing the critical risks facing their organization and provide them with a reasonable assurance vis-à-vis the management of those risks. In this environment however, the lack of standards and training opportunities makes this task difficult for board members. This book with the help of real life examples, analysis of drivers, interpretation of the Swiss legal requirements, and information based on international benchmarks tries to reach out to the forward looking leaders of today's businesses. The authors have collectively brought their years of scientific and practical experience in risk management, Swiss law and board memberships together to provide the board members practical solutions in risk management. The desire is that this book will clear the fear regarding risk management from the minds of the company leadership and help them in making risk savvy decisions in quest to achieve their strategic objectives.

Causes, forms and consequences of the professionalization of international sport federa-tions in Switzerland: Conceptual framework and first results

Synopsis: Sport organisations are facing multiple challenges originating from an increasingly complex and dynamic environment in general, and from internal changes in particular. Our study seeks to reveal and analyse the causes for professionalization processes in international sport federations, the forms resulting from it, as well as related consequences. Abstract: AIM OF ABSTRACT/PAPER - RESEARCH QUESTION Sport organisations are facing multiple challenges originating from an increasingly complex and dynamic environment in general, and from internal changes in particular. In this context, professionalization seems to have been adopted by sport organisations as an appropriate strategy to respond to pressures such as becoming more “business-like”. The ongoing study seeks to reveal and analyse the internal and external causes for professionalization processes in international sport federations, the forms resulting from it (e.g. organisational, managerial, economic) as well as related consequences on objectives, values, governance methods, performance management or again rationalisation. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW Studies on sport as specific non-profit sector mainly focus on the prospect of the “professionalization of individuals” (Thibault, Slack & Hinings, 1991), often within sport clubs (Thiel, Meier & Cachay, 2006) and national sport federations (Seippel, 2002) or on organisational change (Griginov & Sandanski, 2008; Slack & Hinings, 1987, 1992; Slack, 1985, 2001), thus leaving broader analysis on governance, management and professionalization in sport organisations an unaccomplished task. In order to further current research on above-mentioned topics, our intention is to analyse causes, forms and consequences of professionalisation processes in international sport federations. The social theory of action (Coleman, 1986; Esser, 1993) has been defined as appropriate theoretical framework, deriving in the following a multi-level framework for the analysis of sport organisations (Nagel, 2007). In light of the multi-level framework, sport federations are conceptualised as corporative actors whose objectives are defined and implemented with regard to the interests of member organisations (Heinemann, 2004) and/or other pressure groups. In order to understand social acting and social structures (Giddens 1984) of sport federations, two levels are in the focus of our analysis: the macro level examining the environment at large (political, social, economic systems etc.) and the meso level (Esser, 1999) examining organisational structures, actions and decisions of the federation’s headquarter as well as member organisations. METHODOLOGY, RESEARCH DESIGN AND DATA ANALYSIS The multi-level framework mentioned seeks to gather and analyse information on causes, forms and consequences of professionalization processes in sport federations. It is applied in a twofold approach: first an exploratory study based on nine semi-structured interviews with experts from umbrella sport organisations (IOC, WADA, ASOIF, AIOWF, etc.) as well as the analysis of related documents, relevant reports (IOC report 2000 on governance reform, Agenda 2020, etc.) and important moments of change in the Olympic Movement (Olympic revenue share, IOC evaluation criteria, etc.); and secondly several case studies. Whereas the exploratory study seeks more the causes for professionalization on an external, internal and headquarter level as depicted in the literature, the case studies rather focus on forms and consequences. Applying our conceptual framework, the analysis of forms is built around three dimensions: 1) Individuals (persons and positions), 2) Processes, structures (formalisation, specialisation), 3) Activities (strategic planning). With regard to consequences, we centre our attention on expectations of and relationships with stakeholders (e.g. cooperation with business partners), structure, culture and processes (e.g. governance models, performance), and expectations of and relationships with member organisations (e.g. centralisation vs. regionalisation). For the case studies, a mixed-method approach is applied to collect relevant data: questionnaires for rather quantitative data, interviews for rather qualitative data, as well as document and observatory analysis. RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS With regard to causes of professionalization processes, we analyse the content of three different levels: 1. the external level, where the main pressure derives from financial resources (stakeholders, benefactors) and important turning points (scandals, media pressure, IOC requirements for Olympic sports); 2. the internal level, where pressure from member organisations turned out to be less decisive than assumed (little involvement of member organisations in decision-making); 3. the headquarter level, where specific economic models (World Cups, other international circuits, World Championships), and organisational structures (decision-making procedures, values, leadership) trigger or hinder a federation’s professionalization process. Based on our first analysis, an outline for an economic model is suggested, distinguishing four categories of IFs: “money-generating IFs” being rather based on commercialisation and strategic alliances; “classical Olympic IFs” being rather reactive and dependent on Olympic revenue; “classical non-Olympic IFs” being rather independent of the Olympic Movement; and “money-receiving IFs” being dependent on benefactors and having strong traditions and values. The results regarding forms and consequences will be outlined in the presentation. The first results from the two pilot studies will allow us to refine our conceptual framework for subsequent case studies, thus extending our data collection and developing fundamental conclusions. References: Bayle, E., & Robinson, L. (2007). A framework for understanding the performance of national governing bodies of sport. European Sport Management Quarterly, 7, 249–268 Chantelat, P. (2001). La professionnalisation des organisations sportives: Nouveaux débats, nouveaux enjeux [Professionalisation of sport organisations]. Paris: L’Harmattan. Dowling, M., Edwards, J., & Washington, M. (2014). Understanding the concept of professionalization in sport management research. Sport Management Review. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2014.02.003 Ferkins, L. & Shilbury, D. (2012). Good Boards Are Strategic: What Does That Mean for Sport Governance? Journal of Sport Management, 26, 67-80. Thibault, L., Slack, T., & Hinings, B. (1991). Professionalism, structures and systems: The impact of professional staff on voluntary sport organizations. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 26, 83–97.

Ion channel macromolecular complexes in cardiomyocytes: roles in sudden cardiac death.

The movement of ions across specific channels embedded on the membrane of individual cardiomyocytes is crucial for the generation and propagation of the cardiac electric impulse. Emerging evidence over the past 20 years strongly suggests that the normal electric function of the heart is the result of dynamic interactions of membrane ion channels working in an orchestrated fashion as part of complex molecular networks. Such networks work together with exquisite temporal precision to generate each action potential and contraction. Macromolecular complexes play crucial roles in transcription, translation, oligomerization, trafficking, membrane retention, glycosylation, post-translational modification, turnover, function, and degradation of all cardiac ion channels known to date. In addition, the accurate timing of each cardiac beat and contraction demands, a comparable precision on the assembly and organizations of sodium, calcium, and potassium channel complexes within specific subcellular microdomains, where physical proximity allows for prompt and efficient interaction. This review article, part of the Compendium on Sudden Cardiac Death, discusses the major issues related to the role of ion channel macromolecular assemblies in normal cardiac electric function and the mechanisms of arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death. It provides an idea of how these issues are being addressed in the laboratory and in the clinic, which important questions remain unanswered, and what future research will be needed to improve knowledge and advance therapy.

Was will die "Ort"-Gesellschaft?

D. Ch.

Ein Vorstand, der unsterblich werden will

A. Elias