Multiple correspondence analysis of a subset of response categories

In the analysis of multivariate categorical data, typically the analysis of questionnaire data, it is often advantageous, for substantive and technical reasons, to analyse a subset of response categories. In multiple correspondence analysis, where each category is coded as a column of an indicator matrix or row and column of Burt matrix, it is not correct to simply analyse the corresponding submatrix of data, since the whole geometric structure is different for the submatrix . A simple modification of the correspondence analysis algorithm allows the overall geometric structure of the complete data set to be retained while calculating the solution for the selected subset of points. This strategy is useful for analysing patterns of response amongst any subset of categories and relating these patterns to demographic factors, especially for studying patterns of particular responses such as missing and neutral responses. The methodology is illustrated using data from the International Social Survey Program on Family and Changing Gender Roles in 1994.

Contracting externalities and multiple equilibria in sectors: Theory and evidence

We consider an economy where the production technology has constantreturns to scale but where in the descentralized equilibrium thereare aggregate increasing returns to scale. The result follows froma positive contracting externality among firms. If a firms issurrounded by more firms, employees have more opportunitiesoutside their own firm. This improves employees' incentives toinvest in the presence of ex post renegotiation at the firm level,at not cost. Our leading result is that if a region is sparselypopulated or if the degree of development in the region is lowenough, there are multiple equilibria in the level of sectorialemployment. From the theoretical model we derive a non-linearfirst-order censored difference equation for sectoral employment.Our results are strongly consistent with the multiple equilibriahypothesis and the existence of a sectoral critical scale (belowwich the sector follows a delocation process). The scale of theregions' population and the degree of development reduce thecritical scale of the sector.

Case study of intracerebral plasmacytoma as an initial presentation of multiple myeloma.

Cerebral involvement is an uncommon complication of multiple myeloma. We report on a 64-year-old man hospitalized for a partial seizure. MRI showed two intracerebral lesions, which proved to be plasmacytomas. After complete staging, we retained the diagnosis of immunoglobulin G lambda-type multiple myeloma with CNS involvement. Cytogenetic analysis of plasma cells detected a deletion in the p53 gene at 17p13.1. Despite cranial radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, the patient's disease progressed rapidly and he died five months after diagnosis. What makes this case unusual is that overt multiple myeloma had been absent before cerebral involvement was discovered. It confirms the extremely poor prognosis of patients with CNS myeloma even in the presence of aggressive treatment. Cytogenetic abnormalities could be a marker of chromosomal and genetic instability, conferring to multiple myeloma a more aggressive profile.

Contrasting the functional properties of GABAergic axon terminals with single and multiple synapses in the thalamus

Diverse sources of GABAergic inhibition are a major feature of cortical networks, but distinct inhibitory input systems have not been systematically characterized in the thalamus. Here, we contrasted the properties of two independent GABAergic pathways in the posterior thalamic nucleus of rat, one input from the reticular thalamic nucleus (nRT), and one "extrareticular" input from the anterior pretectal nucleus (APT). The vast majority of nRT-thalamic terminals formed single synapses per postsynaptic target and innervated thin distal dendrites of relay cells. In contrast, single APT-thalamic terminals formed synaptic contacts exclusively via multiple, closely spaced synapses on thick relay cell dendrites. Quantal analysis demonstrated that the two inputs displayed comparable quantal amplitudes, release probabilities, and multiple release sites. The morphological and physiological data together indicated multiple, single-site contacts for nRT and multisite contacts for APT axons. The contrasting synaptic arrangements of the two pathways were paralleled by different short-term plasticities. The multisite APT-thalamic pathway showed larger charge transfer during 50-100 Hz stimulation compared with the nRT pathway and a greater persistent inhibition accruing during stimulation trains. Our results demonstrate that the two inhibitory systems are morpho-functionally distinct and suggest and that multisite GABAergic terminals are tailored for maintained synaptic inhibition even at high presynaptic firing rates. These data explain the efficacy of extrareticular inhibition in timing relay cell activity in sensory and motor thalamic nuclei. Finally, based on the classic nomenclature and the difference between reticular and extrareticular terminals, we define a novel, multisite GABAergic terminal type (F3) in the thalamus.

Possíveis Impactos do Projeto: “Uso de Smen Resfriado e Inseminação Artificial em Caprinos Leiteiros na República de Cabo Verde

Este artigo procura discutir o contexto do projeto “Uso de sêmen resfriado e inseminação artificial em caprinos leiteiros na República de Cabo Verde”, suas implicações no sistema de criação de caprinos leiteiros, bem como seu impacto nos planos social, ambiental e econômico.

Possíveis Impactos do Projeto: “Uso de Smen Resfriado e Inseminação Artificial em Caprinos Leiteiros na República de Cabo Verde

Este artigo procura discutir o contexto do projeto “Uso de sêmen resfriado e inseminação artificial em caprinos leiteiros na República de Cabo Verde”, suas implicações no sistema de criação de caprinos leiteiros, bem como seu impacto nos planos social, ambiental e econômico.

Multiple sclerosis-related trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective series of 43 patients treated with gamma knife surgery with more than one year of follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) related to multiple sclerosis (MS) is more difficult to manage pharmacologically and surgically. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in this special group of patients. METHODS: Between July 1992 and November 2010, 43 cases with more than 1 year of follow-up were operated with GKS for TN related to MS and prospectively evaluated in the Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France. Radiosurgery using the Gamma Knife (model B or C or Perfexion) was performed. A single 4-mm isocenter was positioned at a median distance of 8 mm (range 5.7-14.7) anterior to the emergence of the nerve. A median maximum dose of 85 Gy (range 75-90) was delivered. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 53.8 months (12-157.1). Thirty-nine patients (90.7%) were initially pain free. Their actuarial probability of remaining pain free without medication at 6 months, 1, 3, 5 and 10 years was 87.2, 71.8, 43.1, 38.3 and 20.5%, respectively, and remained stable till 12 years. The hypoesthesia actuarial rate at 6 months, 1 and 2 years was 11.5, 11.5 and 16%, and remained stable till 12 years. CONCLUSIONS: GKS proved safe and effective in this special group of patients.

Avaliação de Recursos Hídricos e Viabilidade da Recarga Artificial de Aquíferos na Bacia Hidrográfica dos Engenhos na Ilha de Santiago - Cabo Verde

A existência de água é um fator determinante no desenvolvimento socioeconómico da Bacia Hidrográfica dos Engenhos. Situada numa região de escassez hídrica, qualquer projeto no âmbito da distribuição de água às populações e/ou para outros fins, bem como a recolha e o destino a dar às águas residuais, é de capital importância para a fixação de pessoas e para a criação de riqueza. Objeto de vários estudos e trabalhos sobre os recursos hídricos da região e sobre o Arquipélago de Cabo Verde, este é mais um que procura avaliar a disponibilidade hídrica anual em resultado da precipitação média anual na Bacia Hidrográfica dos Engenhos e, com vista ao aumento da qualidade e quantidade de água disponível, analisar a viabilidade em implementar a técnica de recarga artificial de aquíferos, a partir de caudal excedentário de nascentes, durante a época da chuva. Esta dissertação está estruturada em sete capítulos. No primeiro, de introdução, procurou-se fazer o enquadramento geral da temática abordada, definir objetivos e metodologia de trabalho. O capítulo segundo é dedicado à revisão bibliográfica e o terceiro ao enquadramento geohidrológico e geográfico da ilha de Santiago. Os capítulos seguintes, do quarto ao sexto, são dedicados à caracterização da Bacia Hidrográfica dos Engenhos, cálculo de disponibilidades hídricas e desenvolver um projeto de recarga artificial de aquíferos para aumento da quantidade e qualidade da água. Por último, no capítulo sétimo, tecem-se algumas conclusões e recomendações a ter em conta na gestão de recursos hídricos da região, com vista a ultrapassar problemas relacionados com a escassez e melhorar as condições de vida das populações residentes no local.

From correspondence analysis to multiple and joint correspondence analysis

The generalization of simple (two-variable) correspondence analysis to more than two categorical variables, commonly referred to as multiple correspondence analysis, is neither obvious nor well-defined. We present two alternative ways of generalizing correspondence analysis, one based on the quantification of the variables and intercorrelation relationships, and the other based on the geometric ideas of simple correspondence analysis. We propose a version of multiple correspondence analysis, with adjusted principal inertias, as the method of choice for the geometric definition, since it contains simple correspondence analysis as an exact special case, which is not the situation of the standard generalizations. We also clarify the issue of supplementary point representation and the properties of joint correspondence analysis, a method that visualizes all two-way relationships between the variables. The methodology is illustrated using data on attitudes to science from the International Social Survey Program on Environment in 1993.

Multiple filtering devices for the estimation of cyclical DSGE models

We propose a method to estimate time invariant cyclical DSGE models using the informationprovided by a variety of filters. We treat data filtered with alternative procedures as contaminated proxies of the relevant model-based quantities and estimate structural and non-structuralparameters jointly using a signal extraction approach. We employ simulated data to illustratethe properties of the procedure and compare our conclusions with those obtained when just onefilter is used. We revisit the role of money in the transmission of monetary business cycles.

A simple model of multiple equilibria based on risk

This paper shows how risk may aggravate fluctuations in economies with imperfect insurance and multiple assets. A two period job matching model is studied, in which risk averse agents act both as workers and as entrepreneurs. They choose between two types of investment: one type is riskless, while the other is a risky activity that creates jobs.Equilibrium is unique under full insurance. If investment is fully insured but unemployment risk is uninsured, then precautionary saving behavior dampens output fluctuations. However, if both investment and employment are uninsured, then an increase in unemployment gives agents an incentive to shift investment away from the risky asset, further increasing unemployment. This positive feedback may lead to multiple Pareto ranked equilibria. An overlapping generations version of the model may exhibit poverty traps or persistent multiplicity. Greater insurance is doubly beneficial in this context since it can both prevent multiplicity and promote risky investment.

O desmame precoce pela substituição do aleitamento natural por artificial: intervenção de enfermagem

O desmame precoce é um tema que vem sendo discutido com muita frequência, contudo, observa-se que essa prática está sendo banido, o que põe em risco o desenvolvimento do bebé, já que o desmame precoce é o principal responsável pela desnutrição e mortalidade infantil no primeiro ano de vida. Faz-se necessária a detenção precoce dos factores de risco á interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo perceber o quanto o desmame precoce através da substituição do aleitamento natural pelo aleitamento artificial prejudica tanto o bebé quanto a mãe. O aleitamento materno exclusivo é uma das primeiras intervenções de saúde infantil que a mãe pode empreender para assegurar a saúde de seu bebé. Relativamente à metodologia foi eleita uma abordagem qualitativa e para recolha dos dados foi aplicado um questionário estruturado, contendo perguntas objetivas sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo e o desmame precoce que foram posteriormente submetidos a uma análise de conteúdo. Foram entrevistadas 33 mães lactantes com idade compreendida entre os 15 aos 43 anos de idade, no Serviço da Maternidade do Hospital Baptista de Sousa em São Vicente de 23 de Maio á 18 de Junho de 2014. Autores como Couto (2009, p.216) “têm comprovado os benefícios do aleitamento natural na saúde do bebé/mãe, no fortalecimento do vínculo afetivo entre ambos, bem como na economia das famílias, instituições de saúde e dos governos”. Nesse contexto percebe-se a importância da intervenção do enfermeiro no processo do aleitamento natural, já que ele é o educador, incentivador e promotor desse benefício. Nos resultados das entrevistas mostraram que a maioria (88%) das inquiridas têm conhecimento do aleitamento materno obtido através do enfermeiro, médico, pediatras, familiares, comunicação social, e de outras formas, e têm a noção de que até 6 meses é o periodo ideal para o aleitamento materno exclusivo. As inquiridas apontaram que factores tais como problemas com as mamas, choro do bebé, regresso da mãe ao trabalho, infeção por HIV, doenças crónias e estar debilitada contribuem para o desmame precoce.

Location of multiple server common service centers or public facilities for minimizing general congestion and travel cost functions

We propose a model and solution methods, for locating a fixed number ofmultiple-server, congestible common service centers or congestible publicfacilities. Locations are chosen so to minimize consumers congestion (orqueuing) and travel costs, considering that all the demand must be served.Customers choose the facilities to which they travel in order to receiveservice at minimum travel and congestion cost. As a proxy for thiscriterion, total travel and waiting costs are minimized. The travel costis a general function of the origin and destination of the demand, whilethe congestion cost is a general function of the number of customers inqueue at the facilities.

Perceptual mapping of practical ethics along the value chain: A multiple correspondence analysis with industry and cultural indices as supplementary variables

This paper presents findings from a study investigating a firm s ethical practices along the value chain. In so doing we attempt to better understand potential relationships between a firm s ethical stance with its customers and those of its suppliers within a supply chain and identify particular sectoral and cultural influences that might impinge on this. Drawing upon a database comprising of 667 industrial firms from 27 different countries, we found that ethical practices begin with the firm s relationship with its customers, the characteristics of which then influence the ethical stance with the firm s suppliers within the supply chain. Importantly, market structure along with some key cultural characteristics were also found to exert significant influence on the implementation of ethical policies in these firms.