940 resultados para AMBIVALENCIA DE LA TÉCNICA
Resumo:
Incluye Bibliografía
Resumo:
Incluye Bibliografía
Resumo:
Incluye Bibliografía
Resumo:
En este libro se reflexiona sobre las políticas públicas, los programas y los marcos regulatorios que, desde un enfoque de derechos, están permitiendo ampliar la cobertura y las prestaciones de la protección social en América Latina con miras a su universalización. A través de los instrumentos de políticas y programas que se exponen y discuten, se pretende ofrecer al lector claves técnicas y programáticas que contribuyan al ensamblaje y la coordinación de las políticas públicas en sistemas consistentes y sostenibles de protección social. Combinando las orientaciones normativas, la acumulación de conocimiento técnico y los avances en el marco de la protección social con enfoque de derechos y énfasis en la idea de ciclo de vida, se brinda al lector no solo una caja de herramientas restringida a la técnica puntual, sino también una discusión de economía política. El libro consta de tres partes. En la primera, se aborda el contexto de las transformaciones en las políticas de protección social. En la segunda, se discuten los instrumentos de protección social desde una óptica de ciclo de vida, así como temas que tienen una importante dimensión espacial. En la última parte, se tratan temas transversales que son claves para emprender caminos hacia la universalización de la protección social.
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS
Resumo:
The oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants is a well-documented treatment with high rate of success. Nevertheless, demands related to treatment time and surgical technique began to appear. In this context, the procedure of immediate loading in which the dental prosthesis is placed right after implant surgery has become a constant practice. Although immediate loading has been an important advance, minimally invasive procedures, such as implant placement without raising a mucoperiosteal flap (flapless) are increasingly being performed. Association of immediate loading with the flapless technique improves acceptance by patients and professionals, because no suturing is required. Moreover, it reduces swelling, bleeding during and after surgery, postoperative pain, surgery time, discomfort and hematoma, as well as the need for postoperative medication. These characteristics ease the stages of rehabilitation soon after implant placement, cooperating with prosthodontist's work. Thus, the proposal of this study is to present a clinical case of oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants and fixed prosthesis in both arches, in which the flapless technique was applied, followed by immediate loading. It will discuss the diagnosis, prosthetic planning, surgical/prosthodontic procedures and follow-up for 20 months.
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the sealing ability of the root canal using different techniques: cold lateral compaction, modified Hybrid Tagger, Thermafil and System B. Material and methods. Were used 116 human single-roots, included in resin blocks, sectioned longitudinally, attached to a device with screws and divided into four groups (n=29). After instrumentation using a bur, depression was made in each third of the root canal in each of the halves. Teeth were filled upon the different techniques. For evaluation of the quality, pictures were taken with a 1.5X magnification, photos and radiographs were utilized. After statistical analysis, were performed both macroscopic and radiographic evaluation, by Chi-square test (χ2). Results. The Thermafil technique showed better results in terms of sealing capacity, failures and homogeneity followed by modified Hybrid Tagger, the System B and cold lateral compaction. Conclusions. Thermafil was the technique that shown to be macroscopic, radiographic and homogeneously best over the other techniques evaluated in regard to the filling of the depressions made (AU)
Resumo:
Objective. To describe women behavior regarding birth control and analyze if such behavior has any cultural influence. Methodology. Qualitative study in which patients were women who were waiting for their family health program consult in three health units of the city Ilah Comprida in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected during October and November of 2007, the interview was used as source of information, subsequently they were subjected to the content analysis technique. Results. Women are responsible for birth control; they consider there are difficulties with birth control especially due to inefficient information about methods of contraception and family influence over this adopted behavior. Conclusion. Birth control is influenced by cultural models, moral, social and religious values related with the exercise of sexuality.
Resumo:
Objective. To describe behaviors related to hand cleaning in health professionals who work in the pediatric inpatient unit of a university hospital. Methodology. Descriptive study, in which the studied population was the sanitary staff who worked in a pediatric inpatient unit of a university hospital, there were a total of 43 people. Information was collected through an observation process and a survey applied on hand washing techniques, at the beginning of the study and a month later of the first one. Results. In just 7% of the observations, participants washed their hands before developing the procedure; one out of two followed the steps described in the technique. The most frequent failure in hand washing was presented in the step of rubbing the right hand palm over the left had dorsum, crossing the fingers and vice versa (18%). Conclusion. Participants of the study didn’t have the habit to wash their hands according to the recommended technique. Data suggest the necessity to promote educational actions to change staff behaviors and attitudes towards the steps and techniques of hand washing before and after performing any procedure.
Resumo:
Cryopreservation of sperm is important to preserve the germplasm from animals of genetic value, which can die unexpectedly. This study compares conventional and automated methods of cryopreservation of spermatozoa obtained from the epididymis of bulls post-mortem. Twenty-two epididymides were obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse. Spermatozoa were collected from the tail of the epididymis using the retrograde flow technique. Thus, the samples, which were diluted in 10 ml of extender without glycerol (Botubov® I, Botupharma, Botucatu, SP, Brazil), were evaluated on motility, sperm vigor, structural and functional (swelling hypoosmotic test) membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, sperm viability and ADN fragmentation. The samples were divided into two aliquots and diluted in extender with glycerol (Botubov® II, Botupharma, Botucatu, SP, Brazil) at a concentration of 50x106 motile sperm/0.5 French straws. One sample was frozen by the conventional method (4 hours at 5°C, in a refrigerator and 20 min in nitrogen vapor) and the other by the automated method (Cryogen® Dualflex, Neovet, Uberaba, MG, Brazil). The parameters were higher in all the tests of fresh sperm samples, with the exception of the swelling hypoosmotic test, which showed no significant difference when the results were compared with sperm frozen by the conventional method. The average motility of fresh spermatozoa was 74%, and conventional and automated averages were 29 and 25%, respectively. Therefore, although cryopreservation techniques reduce sperm quality parameters, the viability of the sperm is maintained, and these methods can be used to preserve sperm.
Resumo:
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O Brasil ocupa o segundo lugar entre os países com maiores taxas de cesariana no mundo. Pouco se sabe a respeito das consequências futuras desse procedimento sobre a saúde materna. Este estudo investigou a influência da técnica anestésico-cirúrgica e da analgesia pós-operatória no aparecimento de dor crônica após três meses da cesariana. MÉTODO: Este estudo prospectivo randomizado foi feito em 443 pacientes submetidas a cesariana (eletiva e urgente), com diferentes doses de bupivacaína 0,5% hiperbárica e opioides na raquianestesia. Os grupos foram: G1- 8 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 2,5 mg sufentanil + 100 mg morfina; G2- 10 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 2,5 mg sulfentanil + 100 mg morfina; G3- 12,5 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 100 mg morfina; G4- 15 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 100 mg morfina; G5- 12,5 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 100 mg morfina (sem anti-inflamatório perioperatório). Dor em repouso e em movimento foram avaliadas no pós-operatório imediato. Contato telefônico foi feito, após três meses do procedimento cirúrgico, para identificação das pacientes com dor crônica. RESULTADOS: A incidência de dor crônica nos grupos foi: G1 = 20%; G2 = 13%; G3 = 7,1%; G4 = 2,2% e G5 = 20,3%. Pacientes que referiram escores de dor mais elevados no período pós-operatório tiveram maior incidência de dor crônica (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de dor crônica diminui com o emprego de doses maiores de anestésicos locais e uso de anti-inflamatórios não hormonais. Escores mais elevados de dor no período pós-operatório tiveram associação com aparecimento de dor crônica após três meses da cesariana.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Descrever o processo de validação de uma tecnologia educativa para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática, mediante a aplicação da técnica Delphi. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo, dez juízes (quatro cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais, duas enfermeiras, duas nutricionistas e duas fonoaudiólogas) que indicaram os assuntos a serem abordados no material destinado à primeira fase da técnica Delphi. Após a construção do material e a obtenção dos resultados da primeira fase, iniciou-se as segunda e terceira fases dessa técnica com validação da pertinência das informações contidas nessa tecnologia educativa. RESULTADOS: Na segunda rodada, obteve-se, pelo menos, 90,0% de concordância em todas as categorias. Na terceira, houve um aumento de 12% para o item conteúdo, melhora de 6,7% em linguagem, de 12,5% em ilustrações, de 3,3% no layout, de 10% em cultura, mantendo-se constante o item motivação. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica Delphi, pode ser uma importante ferramenta na construção e validação de tecnologias educativas.
Resumo:
Los sedimentos estuarinos actúan como sumidero dediversos tipos de contaminantes, por lo que son utilizados como indicadores del impacto antropogénico. Entre estos aportes, los metales se destacan debido a que pueden generar efectos tóxicos y/o letales para la biota. Además son bioacumulables y se biomagnifican a través de la trama trófica acuática. El estuario del Río de la Plata (RdlP) constituye un área de desove y cría de peces y otros organismos de interés comercial, por lo que resulta relevante conocer la contaminación metálica. El RdlP tiene una superficie de 38.800 km2 y un caudal promedio de 24.045 m3s-1, siendo sus principales afluente los Ríos Paraná y Uruguay. El presente estudio analizó muestras de sedimento superficial de fondo, colectado en 26 sitios (año 2010). Se cuantificó el contenido de Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sc y Zn, a través del método USEPA 3050b y la técnica analítica ICP-OES. La exactitud y la precisión del método fueron evaluadas por material de referencia certificado. La granulometría del sedimento estudiado indicó la predominancia de sedimentos finos (limos y arcillas), en sitios con mayores contenidos metálicos. Las concentraciones obtenidas se compararon con los valores guía del Criteria for the Assessment of Sediment Quality in Quebec and Application Frameworks (de Canadá), utilizados como criterio de evaluación para legislación ambiental: TEL (threshold effect level) y PEL (probable effect level); además se utilizaron los niveles REL (rare effect level), OEL (occasional effect level) y FEL (frequent effect level). La concentración de As y Cu fue mayor al nivel TEL en varios sitios analizados (7,2 y 19 mg/kg respectivamente). Para ningún elemento la concentración fue mayor que el PEL. Este criterio de evaluación constituye una herramienta válida para el monitoreo de la contaminación de los sedimentos del estuario, indicando posibles efectos negativos sobre la biota del RdlP
Resumo:
[ES] El problema de la corrosión en Canarias es un tema muy importante que no ha sido abordado hasta la actualidad. Dada la naturaleza de los ensayos necesarios para caracterizar el nivel de corrosividad de una atmósfera, ensayos muy costosos tanto en tiempo como en materiales, se pone énfasis en determinar la velocidad de corrosión mediante técnicas electroquímicas. En el presente artículo se desarrollan dichas técnicas, determinando el efecto relativo de los contaminantes en la velocidad de corrosión y caracterizando los productos de corrosión formados, concluyendo que el SO2 ejerce un efecto más acusado que los iones cloruros en la velocidad de corrosión del acero al carbono. La técnica de Espectroscopia de Impedancia electroquímica (EIE) se presenta como una herramienta válida para caracterizar la capa de productos de corrosión formados sobre el acero al carbono.
Resumo:
Programa de doctorado en Oceanografía