黄土区不同地类坡面水沙动态过程及其发生机理的模拟实验研究

利用模拟降雨在降雨性质上的可控性优势,分析了在黄土丘陵区具有代表性的几种坡面土地利用方式(林灌地、封禁荒草地、弃耕农地)的产流产沙动态过程及发生机制。结果表明,在降雨条件相近时,不同类型坡面状况的初始产流时间差异明显。次降雨过程中各地类小区产沙和产流动态变化不完全一致,产沙量较产流量增加趋势更为显著。在降雨和土壤条件相对一致的条件下,不同地类小区的侵蚀产沙过程差异显著,其中林地和草灌地与坡耕农地相比可增加入渗,减水效益明显,减沙效益更为显著,表明实施林草植被建设,包括退耕封禁等措施在内的生态治理减蚀效益明显,能够有效地减少坡面的来水来沙;并提出了可反映土壤抗蚀能力的量化指标——单位冲刷强度,为在实验流域对包括退耕还林草、封禁措施在内的生态恢复重建过程的流域水沙变化及其效应评估提供量化指标。

杉木人工林衰退机理探讨

杉木是我国特有的速生丰产树种 ,在商品木材的生产中占有重要的地位 ,而杉木连栽导致生产力下降和地力衰退一直是阻碍我国林业生产的重要问题 ,这引起了许多学者和林业工作者的兴趣和注意 .本文对杉木人工林连栽后出现的生产力下降的现象进行了描述 ,并对导致杉木人工林连栽生产力下降的原因进行了总结和概括 ,对杉木人工林衰退机理做了分析 .概括起来 ,杉木连栽导致生产力下降、地力衰退主要表现在 :杉木人工林生产力下降和林地土壤物理和化学性质的恶化 .而导致出现此现象的原因不外乎两个方面的原因 ,一是营林措施不合理 ,这是外因 ;其次是杉木自身的生物学特性 ,这是内因 .内外因的结合导致杉木人工林连栽后出现生产力下降和地力衰退的现象 .

土地利用模型时间尺度预测能力分析——以CLUE-S模型为例

模型模拟是生态学中的重要方法,特别是当实验不可进行时。在不同预案下基于模型的土地利用预测对于土地利用规划和政策制定具有十分重要意义。然而,很多研究没有对模型在研究区的时间尺度预测能力加以分析,从而可能导致模拟结果的不可靠。以岷江上游地区为例,采用Kappa指数系列对CLUE-S模型在研究区的时间尺度预测能力进行研究。结果表明CLUE-S模型在岷江上游地区时间尺度上的最大预测能力为22a,超过时间预测能力的预测结果不可靠。研究为土地利用模型模拟时间尺度确定提供了一种有效的方法。

Electron-beam irradiation on poly(propylene carbonate) in the presence of polyfunctional monomers

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) showed predominantly degradation under electron-beam irradiation, accompanied by deterioration of its mechanical performance due to sharp decrease of the molecular weight. Crosslinked PPC was prepared by addition of polyfunctional monomer (PFM) to enhance the mechanical performance of PPC. When 8 wt% of PFM like triallyl isocyanurate (TAIL) was added, crosslinked PPC with a gel fraction of 60.7% was prepared at 50 kGy irradiation dose, which showed a tensile strength at 20 degrees C of 45.5 MPa, whereas it was only 38.5 MPa for pure PPC. The onset degradation temperature (T-i) and glass transition temperature (T-g) of this crosslinked PPC was 246 degrees C and 45 degrees C, respectively, a significant increase related to pure PPC of 211 degrees C and 36 C. Therefore, thermal and mechanical performances of PPC could be improved via electron-beam irradiation in the presence of suitable PFM.

Impact of Brunswick river mouth training walls on adjacent beaches, Brunswick heads, New South Wales, Australia

River training walls have been built at scores of locations along the NSW coast and their impacts on shoreline change are still not fully understood. In this study, the Brunswick River entrance and adjacent beaches are selected for examination of the impact of the construction of major training walls. Thirteen sets of aerial photographs taken between 1947 and 1994 are used in a CIS approach to accurately determine tire shoreline Position, beach contours and sand volumes, and their changes in both time and space, and then to assess the contribution of both tire structures and natural hydrodynamic conditions to large scale (years-decades and kilometres) beach changes. The impact of the training walls can be divided into four stages: natural conditions prior to their construction (pre 1959), major downdrift erosion and updrift accretion during and. following the construction of the walls in 1959 similar to 1962 and 1966. diminishing impact of the walls between 1966 and 1987, and finally no apparent impact between 1987 similar to 1994. The impact extends horizontally about 8 km updrift and 17 km downdrift, and temporally up to 25 years..

洞穴现代沉积物δ^13C值的生物量效应及机理探讨：以贵州4个洞穴为例

在贵州选择一组植被退化系列的4个洞穴系统（荔波凉风洞、都匀七星洞、镇宁犀牛洞和安顺将军洞）为具体研究对象，对其地表植被生物量、植被和洞穴现代沉积物的δ^13C值进行了对比分析。结果显示洞穴现代沉积物的δ^13C值与生物量有着很强的负相关关系，说明洞穴沉积物的δ^13C值在空间上可能存在生物量效应，与洞穴石笋所揭示的时间序列上的生物量效应相对应。根据已有的数据和认识，推断这种生物量效应主要由地表植被δ^13C值及土壤CO2δ^13C值的微生物作用共同控制：在地表植被生物量较大变化情况下，沉积物δ^13C值的生物量效应主要受植被δ^13C值变化主导；而在地表植被生物量较小变化的情况下，沉积物δ^13C值的生物量效应主要受微生物作用主导，而植被δ^13C值变化的影响相对较弱.

Festival Images: brand image and stakeholders' brand relationship types at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

The Edinburgh Festival Fringe (The Fringe) is the largest arts festival in the world and it has inspired the creation of similar festivals world-wide. Since its conception in 1947, the Fringe has demonstrated significant growth in visitor numbers; ticket sales; and its economic contribution. Despite this, the sustainable future of Edinburgh’s festivals is debated as Edinburgh, ‘the Festival City’, faces threats from other festival destinations. Festivals position Edinburgh creatively in contrast to the city’s traditionally perceived image as a cultural-historic centre. Despite this, little research has been undertaken into the creative and cultural significance of Edinburgh’s festivals, including the Fringe. This interdisciplinary research grounded in marketing, tourism, and festival and event management; and underpinned by constructivism, presents an understanding of types of brand relationships that exist between the Fringe and its primary stakeholders. This is achieved through defining both the Fringe brand image and its primary stakeholders; and applying these definitions to the development of a typology of Fringe-stakeholders’ brand relationships. The significance of this study is evident within its topic of inquiry and the research methods applied. In the little-considered arena of arts festivals and their stakeholders, this is the first in-depth study into the Fringe as a festival and festival brand. Within this, the definition of a Fringe brand image contributes to understanding the cultural and creative significance of the Fringe. Furthermore, this research contributes a unique understanding of the types of stakeholders that are engaged with the Fringe. The types of brand relationships that exist between these stakeholders and the Fringe are another significant contribution to knowledge and understanding. While specific to the present context, these findings may prove transferable to further festivals or events, and related areas and industries. The contribution made by this research to the methodological developments in festival and event studies is of additional significance. The application of visual research methods, including semiotic analysis and photo-elicitation within phenomenological interviews, has previously been applied in marketing, consumer, and tourism research, but not to the understanding of festival brands and stakeholders’ brand relationship types. Findings of this research illustrate that existing marketing and consumer brand frameworks and stakeholder theories are applicable to festivals. Further, it is possible to define ‘a’ Fringe brand image which is subjective and contradictory. The unique open-access and organic, operational model of the Fringe facilitates its many contributors, and consumers. Fringe stakeholders may be categorised according to their level of engagement with the Fringe (as primary or secondary) and their particular stakeholder role(s), which are varied and multiple. Fringe-stakeholder brand relationship types are overwhelmingly positive; and are based upon interpersonal relationship dimensions (including friendships, marriages, kinships and partnerships). Fringe-stakeholder brand relationship types can be classified therefore as having similar dimensions to those brand relationship types previously described for consumer products and brands.

Intelligent Robotics

Lee, M.H., Intelligent Robotics, 224pp, Chapman and Hall, 1990.

Erich Lessing: Arresting Time. Reportage Photography 1948-1973

Crawford, Alistair, Erich Lessing: Arresting Time. Reportage Photography 1948-1973 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2005) RAE2008

Models of Backwardness versus Transformation in Eastern Europe. Review Article

This paper is critical analysis of book by Anna Sosnowska, "Zrozumieć zacofanie. Spory historyków o Europę Wschodnią (1947-1994)" [To Understand Backwardness: Historians' Deabates about Eastern Europe (1947-1994)]. Warszawa 2004.

Missionary survey as an aid to intelligent co-operation in foreign missions, by Roland Allen, and Thomas Cochrane.

http://www.archive.org/details/missionarysurvey13360gut