Paradigms that guide the models of attention to the health in Brazil: an analytic essay

SILVA, Fl��vio C��sar Bezerra da ; COSTA, Francisca Marta de Lima; ANDRADE, Hamilton Leandro Pinto de; FREIRE, L��cia de F��tima; MACIEL, Patr��cia Suerda de Oliveira; ENDERS, Bertha Cruz ; MENEZES, Rejane Maria Paiva de. Paradigms that guide the models of attention to the health in Brazil: an analytic essay. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line., Recife, v.3,n.4, p.460-65. out/dez. 2009. Dispon��vel em < http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/index.php/revista/search/results >.

Hierarchy v typology of evidence

Hierarchy v typology of evidence animation

Analytic modelling of the galactic fountain in the Milky Way potential

Le galassie a spirale, come la Via Lattea, sono caratterizzate dalla presenza di gas freddo e formazione stellare e vengono perci�� chiamate star-forming. Per creare nuove stelle �� necessaria una sufficiente riserva di gas, la cui disponibilit�� governa l���evoluzione della galassia stessa. Finora, non �� stato individuato con certezza un meccanismo che possa alimentare la formazione di nuove stelle nelle galassie star-forming. Una delle possibili sorgenti di tale gas �� l���alone galattico caldo (corona galattica) il cui raffreddamento e successivo accrescimento possono essere stimolati dal processo di fontana galattica. L���esplosione di supernovae porta nubi di gas freddo in orbita al di sopra del disco stellare; queste nubi raggiungono altezze dell���ordine del kiloparsec, interagendo con la corona di gas caldo. Il moto delle nubi all���interno di un mezzo meno denso comporta l���instaurarsi dell���instabilit�� di Kelvin-Helmholtz, che ���strappa��� gas dalle nubi e causa la condensazione di materia coronale. Quest���ultima viene quindi accresciuta e, ricadendo sul disco, trasferisce nuovo materiale alla galassia e ne alimenta la formazione stellare. Lo scopo di questa tesi �� derivare un modello analitico di fontana galattica che consenta di ottenere una formulazione analitica per il tempo orbitale, cio�� il tempo richiesto alle nubi per ricadere sul disco galattico. Infatti, pi�� u tempo le nubi impiegano per attraversare il materiale coronale caldo e ricadere sul disco, pi�� materiale viene accresciuto durante l���orbita. Conoscendo i tempi orbitali sarebbe possibile calcolare il tasso di accrescimento legato al fenomeno di fontana e studiarne l���andamento con il raggio del disco. Questo modello potrebbe rivelarsi utile per lo studio dell���impatto della fontana nell���evoluzione globale del disco galattico e della chimica dell���intera galassia.

Modelo para la gesti��n de proveedores utilizando AHP difuso

La gesti��n de proveedores es un elemento vital en la administraci��n moderna de las organizaciones, sobre todo si se considera que a partir de la calidad de las entradas se puede garantizar la calidad de las salidas. Es por ello que se hace necesario que los gerentes encargados del aprovisionamiento tengan herramientas que les permitan tomar decisiones ��gilmente, y en la medida de lo posible, que sean objetivas y f��ciles de usar. Como respuesta a esta necesidad, se plantea en este art��culo un modelo dise��ado para administrar la gesti��n de proveedores en una organizaci��n de tipo comercial y de servicios. Dicho modelo est�� sustentado en el proceso de an��lisis jer��rquico difuso (AHP fuzzy), el cual ha demostrado ser muy efectivo en los procesos de toma de decisiones multicriterios. El modelo, adem��s, se enmarca en los requisitos establecidos por las normas ISO 9000 y el ciclo de mejoramiento PHVA, lo cual lo hace compatible con las organizaciones que se encuentren certificadas o en proceso de certificaci��n.

Paradigms that guide the models of attention to the health in Brazil: an analytic essay

SILVA, Fl��vio C��sar Bezerra da ; COSTA, Francisca Marta de Lima; ANDRADE, Hamilton Leandro Pinto de; FREIRE, L��cia de F��tima; MACIEL, Patr��cia Suerda de Oliveira; ENDERS, Bertha Cruz ; MENEZES, Rejane Maria Paiva de. Paradigms that guide the models of attention to the health in Brazil: an analytic essay. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line., Recife, v.3,n.4, p.460-65. out/dez. 2009. Dispon��vel em < http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/index.php/revista/search/results >.

The principle of least effort within the hierarchy of linguistic preferences: external evidence from English

The thesis is an investigation of the principle of least effort (Zipf 1949 [1972]). The principle is simple (all effort should be least) and universal (it governs the totality of human behavior). Since the principle is also functional, the thesis adopts a functional theory of language as its theoretical framework, i.e. Natural Linguistics. The explanatory system of Natural Linguistics posits that higher principles govern preferences, which, in turn, manifest themselves as concrete, specific processes in a given language. Therefore, the thesis��� aim is to investigate the principle of least effort on the basis of external evidence from English. The investigation falls into the three following strands: the investigation of the principle itself, the investigation of its application in articulatory effort and the investigation of its application in phonological processes. The structure of the thesis reflects the division of its broad aims. The first part of the thesis presents its theoretical background (Chapter One and Chapter Two), the second part of the thesis deals with application of least effort in articulatory effort (Chapter Three and Chapter Four), whereas the third part discusses the principle of least effort in phonological processes (Chapter Five and Chapter Six). Chapter One serves as an introduction, examining various aspects of the principle of least effort such as its history, literature, operation and motivation. It overviews various names which denote least effort, explains the origins of the principle and reviews the literature devoted to the principle of least effort in a chronological order. The chapter also discusses the nature and operation of the principle, providing numerous examples of the principle at work. It emphasizes the universal character of the principle from the linguistic field (low-level phonetic processes and language universals) and the non-linguistic ones (physics, biology, psychology and cognitive sciences), proving that the principle governs human behavior and choices. Chapter Two provides the theoretical background of the thesis in terms of its theoretical framework and discusses the terms used in the thesis��� title, i.e. hierarchy and preference. It justifies the selection of Natural Linguistics as the thesis��� theoretical framework by outlining its major assumptions and demonstrating its explanatory power. As far as the concepts of hierarchy and preference are concerned, the chapter provides their definitions and reviews their various understandings via decision theories and linguistic preference-based theories. Since the thesis investigates the principle of least effort in language and speech, Chapter Three considers the articulatory aspect of effort. It reviews the notion of easy and difficult sounds and discusses the concept of articulatory effort, overviewing its literature as well as various understandings in a chronological fashion. The chapter also presents the concept of articulatory gestures within the framework of Articulatory Phonology. The thesis��� aim is to investigate the principle of least effort on the basis of external evidence, therefore Chapters Four and Six provide evidence in terms of three experiments, text message studies (Chapter Four) and phonological processes in English (Chapter Six). Chapter Four contains evidence for the principle of least effort in articulation on the basis of experiments. It describes the experiments in terms of their predictions and methodology. In particular, it discusses the adopted measure of effort established by means of the effort parameters as well as their status. The statistical methods of the experiments are also clarified. The chapter reports on the results of the experiments, presenting them in a graphical way and discusses their relation to the tested predictions. Chapter Four establishes a hierarchy of speakers��� preferences with reference to articulatory effort (Figures 30, 31). The thesis investigates the principle of least effort in phonological processes, thus Chapter Five is devoted to the discussion of phonological processes in Natural Phonology. The chapter explains the general nature and motivation of processes as well as the development of processes in child language. It also discusses the organization of processes in terms of their typology as well as the order in which processes apply. The chapter characterizes the semantic properties of processes and overviews Lusch��tzky���s (1997) contribution to NP with respect to processes in terms of their typology and incorporation of articulatory gestures in the concept of a process. Chapter Six investigates phonological processes. In particular, it identifies the issues of lenition/fortition definition and process typology by presenting the current approaches to process definitions and their typology. Since the chapter concludes that no coherent definition of lenition/fortition exists, it develops alternative lenition/fortition definitions. The chapter also revises the typology of phonological processes under effort management, which is an extended version of the principle of least effort. Chapter Seven concludes the thesis with a list of the concepts discussed in the thesis, enumerates the proposals made by the thesis in discussing the concepts and presents some questions for future research which have emerged in the course of investigation. The chapter also specifies the extent to which the investigation of the principle of least effort is a meaningful contribution to phonology.

Truncation identities for the small polaron fusion hierarchy

We study a one-dimensional lattice model of interacting spinless fermions. This model is integrable for both periodic and open boundary conditions; the latter case includes the presence of Grassmann valued non-diagonal boundary fields breaking the bulk U(1) symmetry of the model. Starting from the embedding of this model into a graded Yang-Baxter algebra, an infinite hierarchy of commuting transfer matrices is constructed by means of a fusion procedure. For certain values of the coupling constant related to anisotropies of the underlying vertex model taken at roots of unity, this hierarchy is shown to truncate giving a finite set of functional equations for the spectrum of the transfer matrices. For generic coupling constants, the spectral problem is formulated in terms of a functional (or TQ-)equation which can be solved by Bethe ansatz methods for periodic and diagonal open boundary conditions. Possible approaches for the solution of the model with generic non-diagonal boundary fields are discussed.

The Role of decision-analytic modelling in German health technology assessments

BACKGROUND: Decision-analytic modelling (DAM) has become a widespread method in health technology assessments (HTA), but the extent to which modelling is used differs among international HTA institutions. In Germany, the use of DAM is optional within HTAs of the German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI). Our study examines the use of DAM in DIMDI HTA reports and its effect on the quality of information provided for health policies. METHODS: A review of all DIMDI HTA reports (from 1998 to September 2012) incorporating an economic assessment was performed. All included reports were divided into two groups: HTAs with DAM and HTAs without DAM. In both groups, reports were categorized according to the quality of information provided for healthcare decision making. RESULTS: Of the sample of 107 DIMDI HTA reports, 17 (15.9%) used DAM for economic assessment. In the group without DAM, conclusions were limited by the quality of economic information in 51.1% of the reports, whereas we did not find limited conclusions in the group with DAM. Furthermore, 24 reports without DAM (26.7%) stated that using DAM would likely improve the quality of information of the economic assessment. CONCLUSION: The use of DAM techniques can improve the quality of HTAs in Germany. When, after a systematic review of existing literature within a HTA, it is clear that DAM is likely to positively affect the quality of the economic assessment DAM should be used.

Proces prekaryzacji pracy - nowe kierunki zmian spo��eczno-gospodarczych w ��wiecie

Wydzia�� Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa

Environmental quality of life index incorporationg MCA & GIS : case study Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal

The study of Quality of Life (Qol) has been conducted on various scales throughout the years with focus on assessing overall quality of living amongst citizens. The main focus in these studies have been on economic factors, with the purpose of creating a Quality of Life Index (QLI).When it comes down to narrowing the focus to the environment and factors like Urban Green Spaces (UGS) and air quality the topic gets more focused on pointing out how each alternative meets this certain criteria. With the benefits of UGS and a healthy environment in focus a new Environmental Quality of Life Index (EQLI) will be proposed by incorporating Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Working with MCA on complex environmental problems and incorporating it with GIS is a challenging but rewarding task, and has proven to be an efficient approach among environmental scientists. Background information on three MCA methods will be shown: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Regime Analysis and PROMETHEE. A survey based on a previous study conducted on the status of UGS within European cities was sent to 18 municipalities in the study area. The survey consists of evaluating the current status of UGS as well as planning and management of UGS with in municipalities for the purpose of getting criteria material for the selected MCA method. The current situation of UGS is assessed with use of GIS software and change detection is done on a 10 year period using NDVI index for comparison purposes to one of the criteria in the MCA. To add to the criteria, interpolation of nitrogen dioxide levels was performed with ordinary kriging and the results transformed into indicator values. The final outcome is an EQLI map with indicators of environmentally attractive municipalities with ranking based on predefinedMCA criteria using PROMETHEE I pairwise comparison and PROMETHEE II complete ranking of alternatives. The proposed methodology is applied to Lisbon���s Metropolitan Area, Portugal.

Raz��n y jerarqu��a en la legimitaci��n art��stica = Reason and hierarchy in artistic legitimization

Operativamente entenderemos la legitimaci��n art��stica como el proceso por medio del cual una producci��n simb��lico-cultural es reconocida en alguno de los ��mbitos de lo art��stico como obra de arte. Partimos de la idea de que las obras de arte son reconocidas como tales debido a procesos de validaci��n que se dan en un campo institucional en el que operan muy diversas fuerzas y agentes que interact��an de manera compleja. Lo cual nos hace pensar que esta ���instituci��n art��stica��� (Dickie, 2005) no se comporta de manera homog��nea, ni es monol��tica, sino que existen diversas fuerzas, unas con m��s intensidad que otras, que operan y que establecen valores que no todos aceptan, pero que dependiendo de qu�� agente de las instituci��n establezca el valor, y del peso que ��ste tenga en la instituci��n, ser�� el grado de reconocimiento que obtenga la obra.

Analytic and heuristic processes in the detection and resolution of conflict

Previous research with the ratio-bias task found larger response latencies for conflict trials where the heuristic- and analytic-based responses are assumed to be in opposition (e.g., choosing between 1/10 and 9/100 ratios of success) when compared to no-conflict trials where both processes converge on the same response (e.g., choosing between 1/10 and 11/100). This pattern is consistent with parallel dualprocess models, which assume that there is effective, rather than lax, monitoring of the output of heuristic processing. It is, however, unclear why conflict resolution sometimes fails. Ratio-biased choices may increase because of a decline in analytical reasoning (leaving heuristic-based responses unopposed) or to a rise in heuristic processing (making it more difficult for analytic processes to override the heuristic preferences). Using the process-dissociation procedure, we found that instructions to respond logically and response speed affected analytic (controlled) processing (C), leaving heuristic processing (H) unchanged, whereas the intuitive preference for large nominators (as assessed by responses to equal ratio trials) affected H but not C. These findings create new challenges to the debate between dual-process and singleprocess accounts, which are discussed.

Understanding social media in everyday life: Ethnomethodological and conversation analytic perspectives

Over the last decade, social media has become a hot topic for researchers of collaborative technologies (e.g., CSCW). The pervasive use of social media in our everyday lives provides a ready source of naturalistic data for researchers to empirically examine the complexities of the social world. In this talk I outline a different perspective informed by ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (EMCA) - an orientation that has been influential within CSCW, yet has only rarely been applied to social media use. EMCA approaches can complement existing perspectives through articulating how social media is embedded in everyday life, and how its social organisation is achieved by users of social media. Outlining a possible programme of research, I draw on a corpus of screen and ambient audio recordings of mobile device use to show how EMCA research can be generative for understanding social media through concepts such as adjacency pairs, sequential context, turn allocation / speaker selection, and repair. In doing so, I also raise questions about existing studies of social media use and the way they characterise interactional phenomena.

Un aporte a la comprensi��n de las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones a trav��s del concepto de improvisaci��n y la met��fora musical

Este trabajo se inscribe en uno de los grandes campos de los estudios organizacionales: la estrategia. La perspectiva cl��sica en este campo promovi�� la idea de que proyectarse hacia el futuro implica dise��ar un plan (una serie de acciones deliberadas). Avances posteriores mostraron que la estrategia pod��a ser comprendida de otras formas. Sin embargo, la evoluci��n del campo privilegi�� en alguna medida la mirada cl��sica estableciendo, por ejemplo, m��ltiples modelos para ���formular��� una estrategia, pero dejando en segundo lugar la manera en la que esta puede ���emerger���. El prop��sito de esta investigaci��n es, entonces, aportar al actual nivel de comprensi��n respecto a las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones. Para hacerlo, se consider�� un concepto opuesto ���aunque complementario��� al de ���planeaci��n��� y, de hecho, muy cercano en su naturaleza a ese tipo de estrategias: la improvisaci��n. Dado que este se ha nutrido de valiosos aportes del mundo de la m��sica, se acudi�� al saber propio de este dominio, recurriendo al uso de ���la met��fora��� como recurso te��rico para entenderlo y alcanzar el objetivo propuesto. Los resultados muestran que 1) las estrategias deliberadas y las emergentes coexisten y se complementan, 2) la improvisaci��n est�� siempre presente en el contexto organizacional, 3) existe una mayor intensidad de la improvisaci��n en el ���como��� de la estrategia que en el ���qu����� y, en oposici��n a la idea convencional al respecto, 4) se requiere cierta preparaci��n para poder improvisar de manera adecuada.