利用脉冲场凝胶电泳测定东湖浮游病毒基因组的大小

采用脉冲场凝胶电泳,对东湖水样中的浮游病毒基因组大小进行了测定,显示5条主要核酸带,其大小分别为20、50、100、150和250 kb,以20~60 kb的核酸带为强,而这符合噬菌体和噬藻体的基因组主要范围,进一步证实东湖浮游病毒的优势类群为噬菌体和噬藻体.

黑尾近红鲌含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

测定了长江上游特有鱼类黑尾近红的含肉率及其肌肉生化成分和能值。结果表明 :黑尾近红的含肉率为 70 74 % ;其肌肉生化成分 (鲜重百分比 )水分含量为 80 97%、蛋白质 15 92 %、脂肪 1 11%、灰分 1 0 1%、无氮浸出物 0 99%、比能值 4 37kJ/g及E/P 2 7 4 5kJ/g。肌肉生化成分含量与体长变化无明显关系。肌肉中含有 17种氨基酸 ,总量为 6 9 0 7% (干重百分比 ) ;9种人体必需氨基酸总量是 34 81% ,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量比例为5 0 3

黄颡鱼胸腺显微结构的观察

描述了黄颡鱼胸腺的显微结构。黄颡鱼胸腺位于鳃腔背上角,紧贴在鳃腔上皮层之下,上耳咽匙肌之上。其组织结构可明显分为外区、中区和内区。外区主要由网状上皮细胞、柱状上皮细胞、黏液细胞组成;中区以大量深染致密的淋巴细胞为特征。在中区和内区均可见由2个或2个以上的内皮细胞围绕一个空腔或肥大细胞所构成的哈塞尔囊结构,Ⅱ龄鱼开始出现明显的脂肪退化。

中国缓步动物门二新种及三新纪录种和亚种(异缓步纲,棘影熊虫科;真缓步纲,小斑熊虫科,大生熊虫科,高生熊虫科)

记述采自河南省洛阳市、湖北省京山县和四川省都江堰市的缓步动物门 2新种及 3新纪录种和亚种 :异缓步纲棘影熊虫科的四棘棘影熊虫 ,新纪录EchiniscusquadrispinosusRichters,190 2 ;真缓步纲小斑熊虫科的都江小斑熊虫 ,新种Milnesiumdujiangensissp .nov .,大生熊虫科的节值大生熊虫戴冠亚种 ,新纪录MacrobiotusharmsworthicoronatusBarros,1942 ;高生熊虫科的大指等高熊虫 ,新纪录Isohypsibiusma

给黄鳝服用了激素类药物吗?

本文从“激素黄鳝”传言的由来、避孕药的本质、催肥机制、给药途径、外源激素在黄鳝养殖和研究中的应用、黄鳝养殖生产现状等方面进行了分析,认为“激素黄鳝”的说法是不正确的,在养殖生产中黄鳝服用激素类药物增肥既没有可能,也没有必要,在经济上也不合算。

Development of a hybrid ferrofluid seal technology for miniature pneumatic and hydraulic actuators

Future microrobotic applications require actuators that can generate a high actuation force and stroke in a limited volume. Up to now, little research has been performed on the development of pneumatic and hydraulic microactuators, although they offer great prospects in achieving high force densities. One of the main technological barriers in the development of these actuators is the fabrication of powerful seals with low leakage. This paper presents a seal technology for linear fluidic microactuators based on ferrofluids. A design and simulation method for these seals has been developed and validated by measurements on miniaturized actuator prototypes. These actuators have an outside diameter of 2 mm, a length of 13 mm and have been tested using both pressurized air and water. Our current actuator prototypes are able to operate at pressures up to 1.6 MPa without leakage. At these pressures, forces up to 0.65 N have been achieved. The stroke of the actuators is 10 mm. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

白鱀豚和长江江豚消化道常见疾病的诊断与治疗

国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 93 3 0 0 2 0 )

Modulation of pain ratings by expectation and uncertainty: Behavioral characteristics and anticipatory neural correlates.

Expectations about the magnitude of impending pain exert a substantial effect on subsequent perception. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the predictive processes that modulate pain are poorly understood. In a combined behavioral and high-density electrophysiological study we measured anticipatory neural responses to heat stimuli to determine how predictions of pain intensity, and certainty about those predictions, modulate brain activity and subjective pain ratings. Prior to receiving randomized laser heat stimuli at different intensities (low, medium or high) subjects (n=15) viewed cues that either accurately informed them of forthcoming intensity (certain expectation) or not (uncertain expectation). Pain ratings were biased towards prior expectations of either high or low intensity. Anticipatory neural responses increased with expectations of painful vs. non-painful heat intensity, suggesting the presence of neural responses that represent predicted heat stimulus intensity. These anticipatory responses also correlated with the amplitude of the Laser-Evoked Potential (LEP) response to painful stimuli when the intensity was predictable. Source analysis (LORETA) revealed that uncertainty about expected heat intensity involves an anticipatory cortical network commonly associated with attention (left dorsolateral prefrontal, posterior cingulate and bilateral inferior parietal cortices). Relative certainty, however, involves cortical areas previously associated with semantic and prospective memory (left inferior frontal and inferior temporal cortex, and right anterior prefrontal cortex). This suggests that biasing of pain reports and LEPs by expectation involves temporally precise activity in specific cortical networks.

摄食水平和性别对稀有鮈鲫生长和能量收支的影响

于 1 995年 1 0月采集本所自繁的稀有鮈鲫 (约 1 .0 3g/ind) ,在 30℃水温下进行摄食 -生长实验 ,研究了从饥饿到饱食 5个摄食水平对不同性别稀有鮈鲫的生长和能量收支的影响。结果表明 ,鱼体干物质和能量含量不受摄食率和性别的影响。随着摄食率的增加 ,雌鱼的湿重、干重和能量特定生长率均呈双对数增加 ,雄鱼湿重特定生长率呈双对数增加 ,而干物质和能量特定生长率呈指数增加。雄鱼生长速度及摄食率低于雌鱼。随着摄食率的增加 ,食物能损失于粪便中的比例均呈上升趋势 ,损失于排泄物中的比例变化不

A detailed chemistry simulation of the SI-HCCI transition

A Stochastic Reactor Model (SRM) has been used to simulate the transition from Spark Ignition (SI) mode to Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode in a four cylinder in-line four-stroke naturally aspirated direct injection SI engine with cam profile switching. The SRM is coupled with GT-Power, a one-dimensional engine simulation tool used for modelling engine breathing during the open valve portion of the engine cycle, enabling multi-cycle simulations. The model is initially calibrated in both modes using steady state data from SI and HCCI operation. The mode change is achieved by switching the cam profiles and phasing, resulting in a Negative Valve Overlap (NVO), opening the throttle, advancing the spark timing and reducing the fuel mass as well as utilising a pilot injection. Experimental data is presented along with the simulation results. The model is used to investigate key control parameters and their effects on parameters that are difficult to measure experimentally. The effect of the spark in the first HCCI cycles is found to have a major impact on the stability of the transition. Copyright © 2010 SAE International.

Comparison among MCNP-based depletion codes applied to burnup calculations of pebble-bed HTR lattices

The double-heterogeneity characterising pebble-bed high temperature reactors (HTRs) makes Monte Carlo based calculation tools the most suitable for detailed core analyses. These codes can be successfully used to predict the isotopic evolution during irradiation of the fuel of this kind of cores. At the moment, there are many computational systems based on MCNP that are available for performing depletion calculation. All these systems use MCNP to supply problem dependent fluxes and/or microscopic cross sections to the depletion module. This latter then calculates the isotopic evolution of the fuel resolving Bateman's equations. In this paper, a comparative analysis of three different MCNP-based depletion codes is performed: Montburns2.0, MCNPX2.6.0 and BGCore. Monteburns code can be considered as the reference code for HTR calculations, since it has been already verified during HTR-N and HTR-N1 EU project. All calculations have been performed on a reference model representing an infinite lattice of thorium-plutonium fuelled pebbles. The evolution of k-inf as a function of burnup has been compared, as well as the inventory of the important actinides. The k-inf comparison among the codes shows a good agreement during the entire burnup history with the maximum difference lower than 1%. The actinide inventory prediction agrees well. However significant discrepancy in Am and Cm concentrations calculated by MCNPX as compared to those of Monteburns and BGCore has been observed. This is mainly due to different Am-241 (n,γ) branching ratio utilized by the codes. The important advantage of BGCore is its significantly lower execution time required to perform considered depletion calculations. While providing reasonably accurate results BGCore runs depletion problem about two times faster than Monteburns and two to five times faster than MCNPX. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

武汉东湖若干种轮虫休眠卵的形态观察

休眠卵是轮虫在恶劣生态条件下形成的滞育结构。本研究用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对东湖14种轮虫休眠卵形态进行了观察，其中关于尾突臂尾轮虫（Brachionuscaudatus，Barrois＆Daday）、方形臂尾轮虫（Bquadridentatus，hermann）、中型晶囊轮虫（Asplanchnaintermedia，Hudson）、顶生三肢轮虫（Filiniaterminalis，Plate）的休眠卵的形态特征尚未见过报道。这些休眠卵一般卵壳较厚，颜色较深，壳表面有纹饰。不同种轮虫的休眠卵形态、壳

草鱼肾脏、脾脏血细胞发育过程超微结构与细胞化学的研究

本文报告了草鱼肾脏、脾脏血细胞各系统发育各阶段细胞超微结构与某些细胞内的化学成分如糖原、脂类、酸性磷酸酶、酸性非特异性酯酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶（ＰＡＳ、ＳＢ、ＡｃＰ、ＡＮＡＥ、ＡＩＰ、Ｐｏｘ）的变化规律。讨论了草鱼造血的特点、方式以及超微结构、细胞内化学成分变化与携氧、免疫功能的关系和意义。草鱼肾脏、脾脏造血基质细胞主要包括三大类：纤维细胞可分为功能活跃的成纤维细胞及不活跃的纤维细胞；网状细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞可分为非吞噬性及吞噬性两型的。初步探讨了造血基质细胞与造血微环境的作用。

铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼的毒性

本文用流水和换水式试验,在水硬度为115mg/L(以CaCO_3计)条件下研究了铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼生长和存活的影响。试验从刚孵出的幼鱼开始,流水式试验持续30d,换水式试验历时16d。结果表明,在流水条件下铜对泥鳅幼鱼存活有明显影响的可观察效应浓度最低是41.2μg/L,而无可观察效应浓度则为25.2μg/L。根据对现存量的影响,用换水式试验测得铜的最低可观察效应浓度为38μg/L,无可观察效应浓度是19μg/L。