Determinação voltamétrica de ácido fólico em superfície de eletrodo sólido com filme intermetálico 'AG IND.2''HG IND.3.02': aplicação em sucos de frutas in natura e industrializados

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Clostridium perfringens in ingredients of poultry feed and control of contamination by chemical treatments

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Associação de variedades de goiaba, bioinseticidas e o parasitóide Diachasmimorpha longicaudata no controle de Anastrepha fraterculus

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Produção e imobilização de celulases em matriz de agarose com diferentes ativações químicas

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Polyamines in tomato plants grown during an incidence of tospovirus exposure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Compostos fenólicos de 10 variedades de uva

Phenolic compounds represent one of the main groups of secondary metabolites. Due to their chemical diversity, they have a variety of functions in plants, such as protection against ultraviolet radiation, herbivores and pathogens, and attraction of pollinators or dispersers of fruits and seeds. For human, the phenolic compounds are used like food colorings and flavors and, due to their pharmacological properties, mainly to antioxidant activity, they are associated with several health benefits, such as delay senility, prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases and of some cancers. The grapes are considered one of the main source of phenolic compounds and the fruit and its products are consumed in Brazil and worldwide. Considering the phenolic compounds diversity and their different distribution in the grape parts, this work had like aims the extraction, identification and quantification of the main classes of phenolic compounds of 10 grape varieties. The content of total phenols, flavanols and anthocyanins were determined, respectively, according to the Folin-Ciocalteu, DMACA and comparison of pH spectrophotometric methods. The content of total phenols varied from 142.75 + 1.86 to 483.39 + 5.90 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 86.50 + 0.54 to 146.32 + 9.97 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The amount of total flavanols varied from 3.68 + 0.03 to 6.92 + 0.26 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 0.90 + 0.00 to 1.36 + 0.00 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The content of total anthocyanins varied from 7.00 + 0.99 to 406.56 + 39.50 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 2.88 + 0.28 to 46.36 + 1.89 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The phenolic compounds concentration was higher in the peel than in the pulp. The total phenols and anthocyanins varied a lot while the total flavanols were more constant. The flavanols represent the smaller portion of phenolic compounds

Purificação e estudos bioquímicos de exo-poligalacturonase (pectinase) produzida pelo fungo termofílico Rhizomucor pusillus, em cultivo submerso e aplicação na extração de sucos de frutas e hidrólise enzimática do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Misturador para análise de propriedades reológicas

This study aimed to evaluate the use of a mixer to determine the rheological properties of fluids. The mixer is comprised of an agitation tank and an anchor type impeller. The tests were performed with honey and fruit juices (orange, guava and peach). The rheological characterization was performed using data from the torque and rotation speed required for the operation of fluid agitation. Tests were also made with a concentric cylinder rotational viscometer with the samples being subjected to various shear rates. The rheological parameters were obtained from the flow curves fitted to the power law model. Analyses of results showed that the mixer can be used, within its limitations, to determine rheological properties.

Secagem por atomização do suco de uva: microencapsulação das antocianinas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Qualidade pós-colheita do Maná cubiu frigorificado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Características pós-colheita em frutos de pitaya orgânica submetida a diferentes doses de irradiação

The objective was to evaluate the influence of different irradiation doses in post-harvest characteristics of pitaya organic species Hylocereus undatus grown in the municipality of Itajobi - SP. The experiment was conducted at the Fruit and Vegetable Department of Agribusiness Management and Technology - FCA / UNESP - Botucatu - SP from December 2008 to January 2009. The radiation process was conducted at the Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN) located in Sao Paulo. The design was randomized blocks with six treatments and three replications. The fruits were harvested on the third day after onset of color, selected, cleaned, packed in polystyrene trays covered with PVC film, pre - cooled (8 ° C for 24 hours) and subjected to different doses of gamma irradiation (0.0; 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 kGy of cobalt-60) and subsequently stored in cold temperature of 8 degrees C, with relative humidity of about 85 ± 5%. The fruits were evaluated at twenty days after irradiation for pH, soluble solids (SS), Titratable Acidity (TA), ratio (SS / TA) and percentage loss of mass (weight). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. There were no statistically significant differences (p <0.05) for pH (4.82), soluble solids (11.33) Titratable acidity (0.12) and ratio (79.42) compared to non-irradiated fruit. Regarding the percentage of loss of mass (weight), the highest among the patients treated irradiated with 0.8 kGy (12.12%), whereas for treatment at a dose of 0.0 kGy (irradiated) showed a lower loss weight (11.59%), a result that differs significantly (P <0.05) from the remaining doses of irradiation. The loss of mass (weight) of fruit irradiated with other doses was not statistically significant (P> 0.05).

AN OVERVIEW OF DEPREDATING BIRD DAMAGE CONTROL IN CALIFORNIA

To many people, California is synonomous with Disneyland, freeways, Los Angeles smog, Yosemite, the California missions, or for you bird aficionados, the California Condor. But do you think about California when you eat strawberry shortcake? You should -- California leads the nation in strawberry production. How about artichokes? California produces over 98% of the artichokes raised in the United States. Dates? California produces over 99% of the dates in the United States. Yes, California is all of these, and it is much more. California may well be the most diverse state in the United States. Within its 100.2 million acres, California has the lowest place in the U.S. in Death Valley and one of the highest mountains with Mt. Whitney. Because California is such a diverse state and has a wide variety of micro- climates, it supports a uniquely diverse agriculture. Agriculture uses only about 36 million acres of its total 100.2 million acres, and most of the cash return from crops is produced on 8,6 million acres that are irrigated. California produces about 250 crops and livestock commodities (excluding nursery crops) and provides the U.S. with about 25% of its table foods. California leads the nation in the production of 46 commercial crops and livestock commodities; its farmers and ranchers marketed $8.6 billion of crop and livestock products in 1975, and the state’s harvested farm production in 1975 set a new record at 51.1 million tons. HISTORY OF BIRD PROBLEMS Records such as this are not achieved without some risk. Crops growing in Cali- fornia have always had competition from many types of vertebrate pests. The wide variety of crops grown in California and the varied climates and situations in which they are grown has resulted in many different species of birds damaging crops. Birds have compet- ed with man for his crops since the dawn of agriculture. McAtee (1932) cited examples of bird damage that occurred in a wide variety of crops in California during the early 1900s. During the 1920s, many requests for Information and relief from damage caused by a wide variety of birds, culminated in the assignment, in May 1929, of two biologists, S. E. Piper and Johnson Neff, of the former U.S. Bio- logical Survey, to initiate field studies in California. In cooperation with the Cali- fornia Department of Food and Agriculture and County Agricultural Commissioners, the study was to determine the problems and devise control procedures relative to bird depredations. Piper and Neff found such damage as Horned Larks pulling sprouting crops, House Finches disbudding deciduous fruit trees and devouring mature fruit. Blackbirds were a problem in the rice crop. Early controls were varied and, for the most part, lacked effectiveness. Flagging of fields was common to deter Horned Larks. Windmill devices were tried to frighten birds. Shooting to kill birds was common; scarecrows were.used. The six-year study brought forth the basis of most of the depredating bird control techniques still in use in California. At the end of the study, these two biologists compiled a book called “Procedure and Methods in Controlling Birds Injurious to Crops in California.” This was and still is the “Bible” for bird damage control techniques used in California. The thorough investigations conducted by these biologists resulted in techniques that have remained valid in California for over 40 years.

Intervention Based Exclusively on Stage- Matched Printed EducationalMaterials Regarding Healthy Eating Does Not Result in Changes to Adolescents' Dietary Behavior

Purpose. To assess the impact of a six-month stage-based intervention on fruit and vegetable intake, regarding perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy among adolescents. Design. Randomized treatment-control, pre-post design. Subjects/ Setting. Schools were randomized between control and experimental groups. 860 adolescents from ten public schools in Bras ' ilia, Federal District, Brazil were evaluated at baseline; 771 (81%) completed the study. Intervention. Experimental group received monthly magazines and newsletters aimed at promotion of healthy eating. Measures. Self-reported fruit and vegetable intake, stages of change, self-efficacy and decisional balance scores were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention in both groups. Analysis. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated using the analysis of covariance model (ANCOVA) and repeated measurement analysis by means of weighted least squares. Comparison between the proportions of adolescents who advanced through the stages during the intervention was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test. Results. After adjusting for sex and age, study variables showed no modifications through the proposed intervention. There was no statistical difference in participant mobility in the intervention and control groups between the stages of change, throughout the study. Conclusion. A nutritional intervention based exclusively on distribution of stage-matched printed educational materials was insufficient to change adolescents' dietary behavior.

Toward Global Standards for Comparator Pharmaceutical Products: Case Studies of Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, and Zidovudine in the Americas

This study compared in vitro dissolution characteristics and other quality measures of different amoxicillin, metronidazole, and zidovudine products purchased in the Americas to a comparator pharmaceutical product (CPP). These three drugs are classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class I drugs with the possibility that dissolution findings might be used to document bioequivalence. All investigated zidovudine products were found to be in vitro equivalent to the CPP. Only 3 of 12 tested amoxicillin products were found to be in vitro equivalent to the CPP. None of the tested metronidazole products were in vitro equivalent to the CPP. These findings suggest but do not confirm bioinequivalence where in vitro comparisons failed, given that an in vivo blood level study might have confirmed bioequivalence. At times, identifying a CPP in one of the selected markets proved difficult. The study demonstrates that products sold across national markets may not be bioequivalent. When coupled with the challenge of identifying a CPP in different countries, the results of this study suggest the value of an international CPP as well as increased use of BCS approaches as means of either documenting bioequivalence or signaling the need for further in vivo studies. Because of increased movement of medicines across national borders, practitioners and patients would benefit from these approaches.

Inactivation of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice by saponin extracts combined with heat-treatment

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a spoilage-causing bacterium in fruit juices. The inactivation of this bacterium by commercial saponin and saponin purified extract from Sapindus saponaria fruits combined with heat-treatment is described. We investigated heat treatment (87, 90, 95, and 99 degrees C) with incubation time ranging from 0 to 50 min, in both concentrated and reconstituted juice. juices were inoculated with 1.0 x 10(4) CFU/mL of A. acidoterrestris spores for the evaluation of the best temperature for inactivation. For the temperatures of 87, 90, and 95 degrees C counts of cell viability decreased rapidly within the first 10 to 20 min of incubation in both concentrated and reconstituted juices; inactivation at 99 degrees C ensued within 1 and 2 min. Combination of commercial saponin (100 mg/L) with a very short incubation time (1 min) at 99 degrees C showed a reduction of 234 log cycle for concentrated juice A. acidoterrestris spores (1.0 x 10(4) CFU/mL) in the first 24 h of incubation after treatments. The most efficient treatment was reached with 300, 400 or 500 mg/L of purified extract of saponins from S. saponaria after 5 days of incubation in concentrated juice, and after 5 days with 300 and 400 mg/L or 72 h with 500 mg/L in reconstituted juice. Commercial saponin and purified extracts from S. saponaria had similar inactivation power on A. acidoterrestris spores, without significant differences (P>0.05). Therefore, purified extract of saponins can be an alternative for the control of A acidoterrestris in fruit juices. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.