Geochemistry of black shales from Breitbach Creek

Lower Cretaceous sediments are frequently characterized by a well expressed cyclicity. While the processes influencing environments above the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) are reasonably well understood, almost nothing is known about the deep ocean. Cretaceous sub-CCD sediments from the Tethys and Atlantic Oceans typically show rhythmic black/green shale successions. To gain insight into the nature of these black/green shale cycles, we performed detailed geochemical analyses (X-ray fluorescence, Rock-Eval and reactive iron analysis) on a 3 m long section of latest Aptian age. The major-element distribution of the analyzed shale sequence indicates a periodic change from a high-productivity and well-oxygenated green shale mode to a low-productivity oxygen-deficient black shale mode. It is proposed here that the preservation of organic matter was dependent on the strength of salinity-driven deepwater generation. Furthermore, the data show that the Corg content covaries with changes in the detrital composition. Therefore we hypothesize that Tethyan deepwater circulation was sensitive to changes in the monsoonal system. Time series analysis suggests that these changes are periodic in nature, although we are currently unable to prove that the dominant periodicity is related to the precession component of the Milankovitch frequencies.

Horizontal profiles of longwave and shortwave radiation components over sea ice near Barrow, Alaska during the 2011 melt

An integrated instrument package for measuring and understanding the surface radiation budget of sea ice is presented, along with results from its first deployment. The setup simultaneously measures broadband fluxes of upwelling and downwelling terrestrial and solar radiation (four components separately), spectral fluxes of incident and reflected solar radiation, and supporting data such as air temperature and humidity, surface temperature, and location (GPS), in addition to photographing the sky and observed surface during each measurement. The instruments are mounted on a small sled, allowing measurements of the radiation budget to be made at many locations in the study area to see the effect of small-scale surface processes on the large-scale radiation budget. Such observations have many applications, from calibration and validation of remote sensing products to improving our understanding of surface processes that affect atmosphere-snow-ice interactions and drive feedbacks, ultimately leading to the potential to improve climate modelling of ice-covered regions of the ocean. The photographs, spectral data, and other observations allow for improved analysis of the broadband data. An example of this is shown by using the observations made during a partly cloudy day, which show erratic variations due to passing clouds, and creating a careful estimate of what the radiation budget along the observed line would have been under uniform sky conditions, clear or overcast. Other data from the setup's first deployment, in June 2011 on fast ice near Point Barrow, Alaska, are also shown; these illustrate the rapid changes of the radiation budget during a cold period that led to refreezing and new snow well into the melt season.

La vida cotidiana en el ciberespacio

Fil: Galvani, Iván Horacio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Incorporación de nuevas tierras durante el período de conformación del agro moderno en la Argentina : el Territorio de Los Andes, primeras décadas del siglo XX

En 1900 el gobierno argentino creó el Territorio de Los Andes, el último de los diez que existieron en el país, en terrenos ganados a Chile después de una década de disputas diplomáticas, como un corolario de la Guerra del Pacífico. El nuevo territorio se distribuía en su totalidad en zonas montañosas y hasta el momento de su incorporación existía en el país un casi total desconocimiento sobre sus particularidades. A través de las diferentes misiones oficiales y de investigaciones independientes, en la siguiente década y media se produjo conocimiento empírico que fue abonando a la idea de que el nuevo territorio tenía cifrado su destino en dos actividades extractivas: la minería del borato y el aprovechamiento de fibras de vicuñas y pieles de chinchillas. Pero el desarrollo de ambas actividades se enfrentaba a una serie de obstáculos, que tenían que ver con la falta de medios de transporte, la ausencia de capitales y la falta de mecanismos oficiales de estímulo, en el contexto del un país con un perfil productivo eminentemente agroexportador de vacunos y cereales. La falta de crecimiento económico y el escaso crecimiento demográfico, entre otras razones, llevaron a la disolución institucional y la fragmentación territorial de Los Andes en 1943.