Secretion of metalloendopeptidase 24.15 (EC 3.4.24.15)

The metalloendopeptidase EP24.15 (EC3.4.24.15) is a neuropeptide-metabolizing enzyme present in neural and endocrine tissues, presumably functioning extracellularly, Because the majority of the EP24.15 activity is identified in the soluble fraction of cellular homogenates, suggesting that the enzyme is primarily an intracellular protein, we addressed the issue of how EP24.15 arrives in the extracellular environment, We utilized a model system of neuroendocrine secretion, the AtT20 cell, According to both enzymatic activity and immunologic assays, EP24.15 was synthesized in and released from AtT20 cells. Under basal conditions and after stimulation by corticotropin-releasing hormone or the calcium ionophore A23187, EP24.15 activity accumulated in the culture medium. This secretion was not attributable to cell damage, as judged by the absence of release of cytosolic enzyme markers and the ability to exclude trypan blue dye. Pulse-chase analysis and subcellular fractionation of AtT20 cell extracts suggested that the mechanism of EP24.15 secretion is not solely via classical secretory pathways, Additionally, drugs which disrupt the classical secretory pathway, such as Brefeldin A and nocodazole, blocked A23187-stimulated EP24.15 release yet had no effect on basal EP24.15 release, suggesting differences in the basal and stimulated pathways of secretion for EP24.15. In summary, EP24.15 appears to be secreted from AtT20 pituitary cells into the extracellular milieu, where the enzyme can participate in the physiologic metabolism of neuropeptides.

Differential subcellular distribution of neurolysin (EC 3.4.24.16) and thimet oligopeptidase (EC 3.3.24.15) in the rat brain

Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the rat brain distribution of thimet oligopeptidase and neurolysin. Both enzymes appear ubiquitously distributed within the entire rat brain. However, neuronal perikarya and processes stained for neurolysin, while intense nuclear labeling was only observed for thimet oligopeptidase. These data suggest that neurolysin and thimet oligopeptidase, endopeptidases sharing several functional and structural similarities, are present in distinctive intracellular compartments in neuronal cells. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

The results of a randomized trial looking at 24 weeks vs 48 weeks of treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1

Peginterferon-alpha plus ribavirin is the most effective therapy for chronic hepatitis C. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) plus ribavirin on sustained virological response (SVR) when administered for 24 vs 48 weeks in genotype 1 naive patients. One hundred and seventeen patients were enrolled in this controlled trial. Genotype 1 patients were randomized to 24 weeks treatment vs 48 weeks treatment. Genotype non-1 patients received 24 weeks treatment as an observational group. Outcomes were SVR (defined by hepatitis C virus-RNA-negative at week 24 of follow-up) and tolerability across the study period. The end-of-treatment response was 59% for genotype 1 (24 weeks treatment), 80% for genotype 1 (48 weeks treatment) and 92% for genotype non-1 (24 weeks treatment). The end-of-follow-up response was 19% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.2-36.4) (genotype 1, 24 weeks) and 48% (95% CI: 30.2-66.9; P = 0.0175) (genotype 1, 48 weeks). Among genotype non-1, SVR was 76% (95% CI: 62.3-86.5). There were no unexpected adverse events.Almost half of the genotype 1 patients achieved an SVR after 48 weeks treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) and low-dose ribavirin and confirmed that they should be treated for 48 weeks. Safety profile was acceptable.

Evaluation of cardiac rhythm in dogs treated with levamisole hydrochloride using 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography

The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrocardiographic alterations in the cardiac rhythm in dogs treated with levamisole hydrochloride over a period of 24 hours. Thirty-six mixed-breed dogs, both male and female, all clinically healthy, were used in the experiment. The dogs were divided into 6 groups with 6 dogs in each group, according to dosage and route of administration. The Holter test was initiated immediately after the treatment, and was maintained for 24 hours. In the group treated with 10 mg/kg by way of subcutaneous injection, one of them showed ventricular premature complexes, sometimes isolated and other times in pairs, and ventricular tachycardia, concentrated mainly in the first hour after administration of the drug. In the group of 6 animals treated subcutaneously with 25mg/kg, four showed isolated ventricular premature complexes, ventricular bigeminy and trigeminy, mainly during the first 2 hours after administration of the drug. All the animals in the other groups showed sinus arrhythmia followed by sinus arrest. The disturbances in the cardiac rhythm observed in clinically healthy animals treated with levamisole hydrochloride, indicate that it is preferable to avoid subcutaneous administration of levamisole hydrochloride and that the oral administration of the drug should be done with caution. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Is 44-hour better than 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hemodialysis?

The aim of this study is to evaluate if hemodialysis (HD) patients with similar blood pressure (BP) in the whole inter-HD period could have different target organ lesions and survival if the behavior of BP differs from the first to the second day of the inter-HD period. The present study compares 44-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) patterns in 45 HD patients. Three BP patterns emerged: group A (n = 15) had similar BPs throughout (138 ± 11/88 ± 12 in the first 22 h vs. 140 ± 11/87 ± 12 mm Hg in the second 22-hour period); group B (n = 15) had a significant systolic BP rise from the first to the second period (132 ± 15/80 ± 12 vs. 147 ± 12/86 ± 13 mm Hg, p < 0.05); group C (n = 15) had significantly higher BPs (p < 0.05) than the other 2 groups throughout the whole inter-HD period, with no significant change between the 2 halves (172 ± 14/108 ± 12 vs. 173 ± 18/109 ± 14 mm Hg). Ventricular mass and survival during the 30-month follow-up period were statistically significantly better in group A, intermediate in group B and worse in group C. The data suggest that a 44-hour ABPM is more accurate than a 24-hour one in evaluating organ lesion and prognosis in HD patients. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG.

Agricultura y cambio climático: Del diagnóstico a la práctica. Memoria del segundo seminario regional Agricultura y Cambio climático, realizado en Santiago, los días 23 y 24 de noviembre de 2011

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Chile: estimaciones de poblacion, por sexo y edad, pais y regiones 1980-2000, edades simples de 0 a 24 anos

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Congelação de espermatozoides epididimários de gatos utilizando o diluidor Botu-crio® após refrigeração por 24 h em contêiner de transporte de sêmen Botu-tainer®

The possibilities of using the sperm collected from the epididymis have been widely used because the fertilizing capacity sperm preservation and the possibility of using it for wild cats. But in the process of cryopreservation, some studies show a decrease in the quality of the sperm when left under cooling before frozen for some time. This study aimed to assess the quality of the epididymal sperm obtained from domestic cats after cryopreservation using a diluent based on egg yolk and glycerol (Botu-crio®), comparing the morphofunctional characteristics after cooling for 24 hours in a container of semen transport (Botu-tainer®). We use eight cats submitted to elective orchiectomy, aging from eight months, without racial determination, and good nutritional status. These sperm characteristics were: motility, vigor, concentration, membrane integrity and morphology. It has been found, after statistical analysis, that the container of semen was able to maintain sperm viability, even for 24h. We also observed a significant decrease on all parameters after frozen, consequential, probably to thermal stress that occurs in processing. However, the percentage of membrane integrity after thawing shows good employability of the Botu-crio®, which viability is possible to perform in vitro fertilization, requiring higher ratings.

Informe bienal (3 julio 2004-24 marzo 2006)

Error en símbolo en tapa y contraportada (S/2006/20)

Acta resumida provisional de la 50a sesión celebrada en Río de Janeiro el viernes 24 de abril de 1953 a las 15.30 horas

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Acta resumida provisional de la 78a sesión celebrada en Panamá el sábado 24 de mayo de 1959 a las 17.50 horas

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