Low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of crystalline carboxin (C12H13NO2S)

Carboxin was synthesized and its heat capacities were measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 79 to 380K. The melting point, molar enthalpy (Delta(fus)H(m)) and entropy (Delta(fus)S(m)) of fusion of this compound were determined to be 365.29 +/- 0.06K, 28.193 +/- 0.09 kJ mol(-1) and 77.180 +/- 0.02 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. The purity of the compound was determined to be 99.55 mol% by using the fractional melting technique. The thermodynamic functions relative to the reference temperature (298.15 K) were calculated based on the heat capacity measurements in the temperature range between 80 and 360 K. The thermal stability of the compound was further investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The DSC curve indicates that the sample starts to decompose at ca. 290degreesC with the peak temperature at 292.7degreesC. The TG-DTG results demonstrate the maximum mass loss rate occurs at 293degreesC corresponding to the maximum decomposition rate. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

长白山温带混交林林冠下层CO_2通量对生态系统碳收支的贡献

作为ChinaFLUX的重要组成部分,从2002年年底开始利用涡度协方差技术在长白山温带混交林林冠上层和下层进行连续通量观测,这为量化林冠下层CO2通量对整个森林生态系统碳收支的贡献提供了一条有效途径。利用2003年林冠上层和林冠下层的观测数据,研究表明林冠下层夜间的CO2通量与5 cm深度的土壤温度存在明显的指数正相关关系。林冠下层的呼吸通量与箱式法观测的土壤呼吸通量之间具有很好的一致性(R2=0.77),二者在全年都与整个森林的光合产物量相耦合,且都在7~8月份达到最大值。林冠下层的呼吸量和土壤呼吸量分别为770 g Cm-2a-1和703 g Cm-2a-1,占整个森林生态系统呼吸年总量的比重高达59.88%和54.69%。林冠下层的光合作用呈双峰型季节变化,两个峰值分别出现在5月中旬和8月下旬。尽管全年林冠下层光合产物量为87 g Cm-2a-1,对整个森林光合产物量的贡献率仅为5.69%,但林冠郁闭度低的4、5月和10月份,林冠下层的光合产物贡献率也分别达到19.99%、21.06%和14.53%。林冠下层净初级生产力的季节动态受该层呼吸作用的季节变异控制,林冠下层在全年都表现为碳源,其净碳排放速率在8月份达到最大。

稠油降解菌的筛选及其对胶质和沥青质生物降解

以稠油为唯一碳源,从辽河油田石油污染土壤、渣油中,经富集培养,分离筛选出细菌菌株11株、真菌23株和放线菌10株。将在含油培养基上长势良好的菌株进行室内摇瓶实验,发现真菌的降解效果好于细菌,F2006的降解效果最好,14d去除率达到39.8%。在胶质和沥青质污染土壤中,观察真菌F4、F2008、F9902、F2006、F2017、F6和F9904在14d、28d和42d对胶质和沥青质的去除率,测试结果表明,菌株F2006和F2008降解效果较好,在42d时去除率分别达到55.73%和57.62%。两次实验说明,菌株F2006为降解胶质和沥青质的优势菌株,在生物修复中具有较好的应用前景。

处理含多环芳烃植物油的吸附剂筛选及其性能评价

为循环利用植物油淋洗修复多环芳烃污染土壤,应用吸附过程去除植物油中的多环芳烃.对10种吸附剂进行吸附柱和批处理筛选实验,评价了这些吸附剂的物理化学性质,从中筛选出最适合的吸附剂.动态吸附柱筛选实验表明,植物油中的多环芳烃在活性炭F400及F300上的吸附量最高,分别为55.39μg.g-1和23.82μg.g-1,说明吸附剂的粒径对吸附效果有重要影响,而多环芳烃在其他几种吸附剂上几乎没有吸附.批处理筛选实验表明,多环芳烃在两种活性炭上的吸附量仍然最多,分别为211.85μg.g-1和203.79μg.g-1.

Identifying the isolated transition metal ions/oxides in molecular sieves and on oxide supports by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy

Isolated transition metal ions/oxides in molecular sieves and on surfaces are a class of active sites for selective oxidation of hydrocarbons. Identifying the active sites and their coordination structure is vital to understanding their essential role played in catalysis and designing and synthesizing more active and selective catalysts. The isolated transition metal ions in the framework of molecular sieves (e.g., TS-1, Fe-ZSM-5, and V-MCM-41) or on the surface of oxides (e.g., MoO3/Al2O3 and TiO2/SiO2) were successfully identified by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. The charge transfer transitions between the transition metal ions and the oxygen anions are excited by a UV laser and consequently the UV resonance Raman effect greatly enhances the Raman signals of the isolated transition metal ions. The local coordination of these ions in the rigid framework of molecular sieves or in the relatively flexible structure on the surface can also be differentiated by the shifts of the resonance Raman bands. The relative concentration of the isolated transition metal ion/oxides could be estimated by the intensity ratio of Raman bands. This study demonstrates that the UV resonance Raman spectroscopy is a general technique that can be widely applied to the in-situ characterization of catalyst synthesis and catalytic reactions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Kinetics of acetic acid esterification with 2-ethoxyethanol over an Al-pillared clay catalyst

The Al-pillared clay catalyst obtained by exposing activated clay powder to sulfuric acid and aluminium salts and calcining in air at 373-673 K, was found to be highly active for the title reaction. The results indicated that pillared layer clay of the mixed oxide has been employed as parent catalysts for their definite structure and special properties which can be modified by the substitution of L and B acid sites cations. Solid acid catalyst of Supported aluminium was found to be highly active and selective at the 373-473 K temperature range for heterogeneous esterification. The activity is mainly attributed to the Lewis (and a considerably small number of Bronsted) acid sites whose number and strength increased due to pillaring. The water produced in the esterification can be induced by Al3+, which makes the catalyst surface to form strong B acid. Their acidities are obtained by pH measurement. If only B acid sites are > 70%, and pH < 1 in the 2-ethoxyethanol, there exists an activity of esterification. The used catalyst gave identical results with that of the fresh one. X-ray diffraction spectra show that the composition and active phase of the used catalysts are the same as the fresh ones. The kinetic study of the reaction was carried out by an integral method of analysis. The kinetic equation of surface esterification is y = 2.36x - 0.98.

汾河水库上游流域径流年内分配时程变化规律研究

径流的年内分配直接决定着水利工程建设的规模及水利工程的运用方式。在系统分析表达年内分配不均匀程度指标的基础上,采用1970~2005年实测旬及月径流资料对汾河水库上游流域主要控制站的径流年内分配不均匀性进行了分析。分析结果表明:旬集中度更能很好地反映径流的年内分配不均匀程度;静乐站的年内分配比上静游站径流年内分配不均匀性大,年内变化幅度也大;1998年前静乐站和上静游站的年内分配程度规律相似,1998年后静乐站径流年内分配不均匀程度不同于上静游站。

封育对科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落植被特征及空间异质性的影响

以科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落为对象,分析了放牧和不同封育年限下小叶锦鸡儿群落的植被特征及植被分布的小尺度空间异质性。结果表明:放牧和封育样地内植被均以1年生草本植物为主,物种数没有明显差异;封育6年、封育12年样地的植株密度分别为(124.46±5.22)株.m-2和(203.05±10.38)株.m-2,显著高于放牧样地(P<0.05);封育样地的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均低于放牧样地,并随着封育年限的增加而减小;封育样地植被分布的小尺度空间异质性小于放牧样地,并且封育年限越长,空间异质性越小。

辽宁省土地利用与生态环境协调发展研究

根据保护和改善生态环境的原则,围绕保障土地资源可持续利用的目标,本着"改善、协调、预防和减缓"的思想,为实现土地资源的可持续利用提供科学依据,依据土地资源评价诊断指标、土地类和土地等级的评价标准,确定辽宁土地资源评价因素及其划分指标,采用层次分析法和综合指标法对土地利用生态敏感性定量评价,进行土地利用生态敏感性分区、生态控制分区,提出了辽宁省统筹土地利用与生态环境建设的土地调控指标和建议。