Automedida da pressão arterial para o controle das cifras tensionais e para a adesão ao tratamento

FUNDAMENTO: A medida da pressão arterial (PA) pelo próprio paciente, sem protocolos rígidos, com treinamento adequado, aparelhos validados e no próprio domicílio, é definida como automedida da pressão arterial (AMPA). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a interferência da AMPA na adesão ao tratamento e no controle pressórico. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 57 pacientes, 38 no grupo de estudo (GE) e 19 no grupo de controle (GC). Esses pacientes foram seguidos por 12 meses e avaliados na randomização (V1), bem como no sexto (V2) e no décimo segundo mês (V3). Comparadas as médias da PA pela medida casual, pela AMPA e pela monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA), exames laboratoriais e as respostas ao questionário sobre o estilo de vida. Os aparelhos utilizados foram: OMRON HEM 714, para a AMPA; OMRON 705 CP, para a medida casual; e Monitor SPACELABS 9002, para a MAPA. RESULTADOS: A idade média em anos foi de 62,05 ± 10,78 e de 55,42 ± 11,87 no GE e no GC (p = 0,03), respectivamente. Os valores da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) pela medida casual no GE e no GC foram: 140,01 ± 16,73 mmHg e 141,79 ± 23,21 mmHg em V1 (p = 0,72); 135,49 ± 12,73 mmHg e 145,69 ± 19,31 mmHg em V2 (p = 0,02); 131,64 ± 19,28 mmHg e 134,88 ± 23,21 mmHg em V3 (p = 0,59). Os valores da pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) foram: 84,13 ± 10,71 mmHg e 86,29 ± 10,35 mmHg em V1 (p = 0,47); 81,69 ± 10,88 mmHg e 89,61 ± 11,58 mmHg em V2 (p = 0,02); 80,31 ± 11,83 mmHg e 86 ± 13,38 mmHg em V3 (p = 0,12). CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes do GE apresentaram adesão ao tratamento não farmacológico semelhante ao GC, mas tiveram maior adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e utilizaram menor número de drogas anti-hipertensivas. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na comparação do perfil metabólico e da função renal. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Prevalência de obesidade visceral estimada por equação preditiva em mulheres jovens pernambucanas

FUNDAMENTO: O acúmulo de gordura visceral é considerado o principal fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de obesidade visceral e avaliar sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovasculares em mulheres jovens do Estado de Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado com dados da "III Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde e Nutrição", envolvendo mulheres entre 25 e 36 anos. Avaliaram-se as variáveis: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência da Cintura (CC), Razão Cintura-Estatura (RCE), Volume de Gordura Visceral (VGV) estimado por equação preditiva, Pressão Arterial Sistólica e Diastólica (PAS, PAD), Colesterol Total (CT), Triglicerídeo (TG), Glicemia de Jejum (GJ). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 517 mulheres, com mediana de idade de 29 anos (27-32) e prevalência de obesidade visceral de 30,6%. Valores de IMC, PAS, PAD e TG foram superiores no grupo com obesidade visceral: IMC = 28,0 kg/m² (25,0 - 21,4) vs 23,9 kg/m² (21,5 - 26,4); PAS = 120,0 mmHg (110,0 - 130,0) vs 112,0 mmHg (100,0 - 122,0); PAD = 74 mmHg (70 - 80) vs 70 mmHg (63 - 80); TG = 156,0 mg/dL (115,0 - 203,2) vs 131,0 mg/dL (104,0 - 161,0), respectivamente, p < 0,01. Idade, PAS, PAD, TG e CT apresentaram correlação positiva e significante com o VGV: r = 0,171; 0,224; 0,163; 0,278; 0,124; respectivamente, p < 0,005. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se uma elevada prevalência de obesidade visceral, estando estatisticamente correlacionada a fatores de risco cardiovasculares.

Estudo das alterações ecocardiográficas nos primeiros seis meses após o transplante renal

FUNDAMENTO: Alterações cardíacas são muito frequentes nos indivíduos portadores de doença renal crônica terminal e estão associadas com a morbimortalidade. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as alterações evolutivas cardíacas após o transplante renal. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 40 pacientes com doença renal crônica terminal, imediatamente antes e com um mês, três meses e seis meses após o transplante renal, por meio de estudo ecocardiográfico com Doppler tecidual. Os parâmetros de massa ventricular, função sistólica e diastólica foram analisados. RESULTADOS: A média da idade foi 31,6 anos e 40% eram do sexo feminino. Observamos redução do diâmetro diastólico do VE (52,23 para 49,95 mm, p = 0,021) e do índice de massa do VE (131,48 para 113,039 g/m², p = 0,002) após o transplante renal. A razão E/e' média reduziu no terceiro e no sexto meses após o transplante renal em relação ao exame basal (8,13 e 7,85 vs 9,79, p < 0,05). A fração de ejeção aumentou a partir do primeiro mês do transplante renal em relação a exame basal (69,72% vs 65,68%, p < 0,05). A prevalência de disfunção diastólica reduziu 43% no período avaliado. A fração de ejeção e a razão E/e' média basais estiveram associadas com redução do índice de massa do VE após o transplante renal. O índice de massa do VE basal, o sexo feminino e a redução do fósforo sérico apresentaram associação com a redução da razão E/e' média após o transplante renal. CONCLUSÃO: O transplante renal promoveu alterações significativas nos parâmetros ecodopplercardiográficos de massa do VE, função sistólica e função diastólica nos pacientes com doença renal crônica terminal.

The Biological bulletin.

v. 131 (1966)

Modellierung der unter- und oberseitigen Wärmeübertragung an plattenförmiges Gut in Rollenöfen

Roller kiln, radiant tube, roller, heat trensfer, analytical solution, FEM

Theoretische und experimentelle Studie der Gradienten-Gegenstromchromatographie unter linearen Bedingungen

Simulated Moving Bed (SMB)-Chromatography, solvent gradients, mathematical modelling for linear isotherms

Combination Therapy for the Cardiovascular Effects of Perinatal Lead Exposure in Young and Adult Rats

Background: Combination therapy can play a significant role in the amelioration of several toxic effects of lead (Pb) and recovery from associated cardiovascular changes. Objective: To investigate the effects of combination therapy on the cardiovascular effects of perinatal lead exposure in young and adult rats Methods: Female Wistar rats received drinking water with or without 500 ppm of Pb during pregnancy and lactation. Twenty-two- and 70-day-old rat offspring who were or were not exposed to Pb in the perinatal period received meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), L-arginine, or enalapril and a combination of these compounds for 30 additional days. Noradrenaline response curves were plotted for intact and denuded aortas from 23-, 52-, 70-, and 100-day-old rats stratified by perinatal Pb exposure (exposed/unexposed) and treatment received (treated/untreated). Results: Systolic blood pressure was evaluated and shown to be higher in the 23-, 52-, 70-, and 100-day age groups with Pb exposure than in the corresponding control age groups: 117.8 ± 3.9*, 135.2 ± 1.3*, 139.6 ± 1.6*, and 131.7 ± 2.8*, respectively and 107.1 ± 1.8, 118.8 ± 2.1, 126.1 ± 1.1, and 120.5 ± 2.2, respectively (p < 0.05). Increased reactivity to noradrenaline was observed in intact, but not denuded, aortas from 52-, 70-, and 100-day-old exposed rats, and the maximum responses (g of tension) in the respective Pb-exposed and control age groups were as follows: 3.43 ± 0.16*, 4.32 ± 0.18*, and 4.21 ± 0.23*, respectively and 2.38 ± 0.33, 3.37 ± 0.13, and 3.22 ± 0.21, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: All treatments reversed the changes in vascular reactivity to noradrenaline in rats perinatally exposed to Pb. The combination therapy resulted in an earlier restoration of blood pressure in Pb-exposed rats compared with the monotherapies, except for enalapril therapy in young rats. These findings represent a new approach to the development of therapeutic protocols for the treatment of Pb-induced hypertension.

Prevention of Pazopanib-Induced Prolonged Cardiac Repolarization and Proarrhythmic Effects

Background: Pazopanib (PZP) may induce prolonged cardiac repolarization and proarrhythmic effects, similarly to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Objectives: To demonstrate PZP-induced prolonged cardiac repolarization and proarrhythmic electrophysiological effects and to investigate possible preventive effects of metoprolol and diltiazem on ECG changes (prolonged QT) in an experimental rat model. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6). The first group (normal group) received 4 mL of tap water and the other groups received 100 mg/kg of PZP (Votrient® tablet) perorally, via orogastric tubes. After 3 hours, the following solutions were intraperitoneally administered to the animals: physiological saline solution (SP), to the normal group and to the second group (control-PZP+SP group); 1 mg/kg metoprolol (Beloc, Ampule, AstraZeneca), to the third group (PZP+metoprolol group); and 1mg/kg diltiazem (Diltiazem, Mustafa Nevzat), to the fourth group (PZP+diltiazem group). One hour after, and under anesthesia, QTc was calculated by recording ECG on lead I. Results: The mean QTc interval values were as follows: normal group, 99.93 ± 3.62 ms; control-PZP+SP group, 131.23 ± 12.21 ms; PZP+metoprolol group, 89.36 ± 3.61 ms; and PZP+diltiazem group, 88.86 ± 4.04 ms. Both PZP+metoprolol and PZP+diltiazem groups had significantly shorter QTc intervals compared to the control-PZP+SP group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both metoprolol and diltiazem prevented PZP-induced QT interval prolongation. These drugs may provide a promising prophylactic strategy for the prolonged QTc interval associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor use.

Determinants of Functional and Structural Properties of Large Arteries in Healthy Individuals

Background: Changes in the properties of large arteries correlate with higher cardiovascular risk. Recent guidelines have included the assessment of those properties to detect subclinical disease. Establishing reference values for the assessment methods as well as determinants of the arterial parameters and their correlations in healthy individuals is important to stratify patients. Objective: To assess, in healthy adults, the distribution of the values of pulse wave velocity, diameter, intima-media thickness and relative distensibility of the carotid artery, in addition to assessing the demographic and clinical determinants of those parameters and their correlations. Methods: This study evaluated 210 individuals (54% women; mean age, 44 ± 13 years) with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured with a Complior® device. The functional and structural properties of the carotid artery were assessed by using radiofrequency ultrasound. Results: The means of the following parameters were: pulse wave velocity, 8.7 ± 1.5 m/s; diameter, 6,707.9 ± 861.6 μm; intima-media thickness, 601 ± 131 μm; relative distensibility, 5.3 ± 2.1%. No significant difference related to sex or ethnicity was observed. On multiple linear logistic regression, the factors independently related to the vascular parameters were: pulse wave velocity, to age (p < 0.01) and triglycerides (p = 0.02); intima-media thickness, to age (p < 0.01); diameter, to creatinine (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.02); relative distensibility, to age (p < 0.01) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Pulse wave velocity showed a positive correlation with intima media thickness (p < 0.01) and with relative distensibility (p < 0.01), while diameter showed a positive correlation with distensibility (p = 0.03). Conclusion: In healthy individuals, age was the major factor related to aortic stiffness, while age and diastolic blood pressure related to the carotid functional measure. The carotid artery structure was directly related to aortic stiffness, which was inversely related to the carotid artery functional property.

BNP was Associated with Ischemic Myocardial Scintigraphy and Death in Patients at Chest Pain Unit

Background:Recent studies have suggested that B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is an important predictor of ischemia and death in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Increased levels of BNP are seen after episodes of myocardial ischemia and may be related to future adverse events.Objectives:To determine the prognostic value of BNP for major cardiac events and to evaluate its association with ischemic myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS).Methods:This study included retrospectively 125 patients admitted to the chest pain unit between 2002 and 2006, who had their BNP levels measured on admission and underwent CPM for risk stratification. BNP values were compared with the results of the MPS. The chi-square test was used for qualitative variables and the Student t test, for quantitative variables. Survival curves were adjusted using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by using Cox regression. The significance level was 5%.Results:The mean age was 63.9 ± 13.8 years, and the male sex represented 51.2% of the sample. Ischemia was found in 44% of the MPS. The mean BNP level was higher in patients with ischemia compared to patients with non-ischemic MPS (188.3 ± 208.7 versus 131.8 ± 88.6; p = 0.003). A BNP level greater than 80 pg/mL was the strongest predictor of ischemia on MPS (sensitivity = 60%, specificity = 70%, accuracy = 66%, PPV = 61%, NPV = 70%), and could predict medium-term mortality (RR = 7.29, 95% CI: 0.90-58.6; p = 0.045) independently of the presence of ischemia.Conclusions:BNP levels are associated with ischemic MPS findings and adverse prognosis in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency room, thus, providing important prognostic information for an unfavorable clinical outcome.

Reduced Progression of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy with Routine Use of Induction Therapy with Basiliximab

AbstractIntroduction:Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major limitation for long-term survival of patients undergoing heart transplantation (HT). Some immunosuppressants can reduce the risk of CAV.Objectives:The primary objective was to evaluate the variation in the volumetric growth of the intimal layer measured by intracoronary ultrasound (IVUS) after 1 year in patients who received basiliximab compared with that in a control group.Methods:Thirteen patients treated at a single center between 2007 and 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Evaluations were performed with IVUS, measuring the volume of a coronary segment within the first 30 days and 1 year after HT. Vasculopathy was characterized by the volume of the intima of the vessel.Results:Thirteen patients included (7 in the basiliximab group and 6 in the control group). On IVUS assessment, the control group was found to have greater vessel volume (120–185.43 mm3 vs. 127.77–131.32 mm3; p = 0.051). Intimal layer growth (i.e., CAV) was also higher in the control group (27.30–49.15 mm3 [∆80%] vs. 20.23–26.69 mm3[∆33%]; p = 0.015). Univariate regression analysis revealed that plaque volume and prior atherosclerosis of the donor were not related to intima growth (r = 0.15, p = 0.96), whereas positive remodeling was directly proportional to the volumetric growth of the intima (r = 0.85, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Routine induction therapy with basiliximab was associated with reduced growth of the intima of the vessel during the first year after HT.

Testosterone Deficiency Increases Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rates in Male Patients with Heart Failure

Background:Testosterone deficiency in patients with heart failure (HF) is associated with decreased exercise capacity and mortality; however, its impact on hospital readmission rate is uncertain. Furthermore, the relationship between testosterone deficiency and sympathetic activation is unknown.Objective:We investigated the role of testosterone level on hospital readmission and mortality rates as well as sympathetic nerve activity in patients with HF.Methods:Total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) were measured in 110 hospitalized male patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 45% and New York Heart Association classification IV. The patients were placed into low testosterone (LT; n = 66) and normal testosterone (NT; n = 44) groups. Hypogonadism was defined as TT < 300 ng/dL and FT < 131 pmol/L. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded by microneurography in a subpopulation of 27 patients.Results:Length of hospital stay was longer in the LT group compared to in the NT group (37 ± 4 vs. 25 ± 4 days; p = 0.008). Similarly, the cumulative hazard of readmission within 1 year was greater in the LT group compared to in the NT group (44% vs. 22%, p = 0.001). In the single-predictor analysis, TT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58–4.85; p = 0.02) predicted hospital readmission within 90 days. In addition, TT (HR, 4.65; 95% CI, 2.67–8.10; p = 0.009) and readmission within 90 days (HR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.23–8.69; p = 0.02) predicted increased mortality. Neurohumoral activation, as estimated by MSNA, was significantly higher in the LT group compared to in the NT group (65 ± 3 vs. 51 ± 4 bursts/100 heart beats; p < 0.001).Conclusion:These results support the concept that LT is an independent risk factor for hospital readmission within 90 days and increased mortality in patients with HF. Furthermore, increased MSNA was observed in patients with LT.

Verfahrensentwicklung zur Fertigung qualitätsgerechter Bauteile mit dem Hydro-Impuls-Umformen von Blechen

Sheet metal blank, hydro-impulsive forming, explosive forming, gas detonation forming

Charakterisierung von Teratomcybriden mit der primären LHON-Mutation G11778A

LHON, cybrids, ROS, ATP, glutathione, oxidative stress, SOD, GPx1, glutathione peroxidase

Changes in Medical Management after Coronary CT Angiography

AbstractIntroduction:Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) allows for non-invasive coronary artery disease (CAD) phenotyping. There are still some uncertainties regarding the impact this knowledge has on the clinical care of patients.Objective:To determine whether CAD phenotyping by CCTA influences clinical decision making by the prescription of cardiovascular drugs and their impact on non-LDL cholesterol (NLDLC) levels.Methods:We analysed consecutive patients from 2008 to 2011 submitted to CCTA without previous diagnosis of CAD that had two serial measures of NLDLC, one up to 3 months before CCTA and the second from 3 to 6 months after.Results:A total of 97 patients were included, of which 69% were men, mean age 64 ± 12 years. CCTA revealed that 18 (18%) patients had no CAD, 38 (39%) had non-obstructive (< 50%) lesions and 41 (42%) had at least one obstructive ≥ 50% lesion. NLDLC was similar at baseline between the grups (138 ± 52 mg/dL vs. 135 ± 42 mg/dL vs. 131 ± 44 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.32). We found significative reduction in NLDLC among patients with obstrctive lesions (-18%, p = 0.001). We also found a positive relationship between clinical treatment intensification with aspirin and cholesterol reducing drugs and the severity of CAD.Conclusion:Our data suggest that CCTA results were used for cardiovascular clinical treatment titration, with especial intensification seen in patients with obstructive ≥50% CAD.