Assimilação, depuração e contaminação do ermitão Clibanarius vittatus pelo poluente Tributilestanho (TBT) e sua relação com a intersexualidade em ermitões

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Managing organizations for sustainable development in emerging countries: an introduction

This introduction article is for the special issue Managing organizations for sustainable development in emerging countries: natural resources, biodiversity, and climate change' in the International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology and presents an introduction to the topics and summarizes accepted contributions in the special issue. The accepted works may contribute with organizational management in the search for more sustainable organizations. The works focus on the challenges of managing organizations in a context of degradation of natural resources, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. Accepted papers discuss these issues, based on the reality of emerging economies (e.g. Brazil, India, and China).

Sustainable development in the BRICS countries: an efficiency analysis by data envelopment

There is much concern about the social and environmental impacts caused by the economic growth of nations. Thus, to evaluate the socio-economic performance of nations, economists have increasingly addressed matters related to social welfare and the environment. It is within the scope of this context that this work discusses the performance of countries in the BRICS group regarding sustainable development. The objective of this study regards evaluating the efficiency of these countries in transforming productive resources and technological innovation into sustainable development. The proposed objective was achieved by using econometric tools as well as the data envelopment analysis method to then create economic, environmental, and social efficiency rankings for the BRICS countries, which enabled to carry out comparative analyses on the sustainable development of those countries. The results of such assessments can be of interest for more specific scientific explorations.

Consumo foliar da traça-das-crucíferas em couve e brócolis tratados com sinigrina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characterizing background heterogeneity in visual communication

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Metacommunity versus Biogeography: a case study of two groups of neotropical vegetation-dwelling arthropods

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

How many parasites species a frog might have? determinants of parasite diversity in South American anurans

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Temporal Differences in the Hydrologic Regime of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1895–2006

In cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District for a collaborative study of the cumulative effects of water and channel management practices on stream and riparian ecology, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) compiled, analyzed, and summarized hydrologic information from long-term gaging stations on the lower Platte River to determine any significant temporal differences among six discrete periods during 1895-2006 and to interpret any significant changes in relation to changes in climatic conditions or other factors. A subset of 171 examined hydrologic indices (HIs) were selected for use as indices that (1) included most of the variance in the larger set of indices, (2) retained utility as indicators of the streamflow regime, and (3) provided information at spatial and temporal scale(s) that were most indicative of streamflow regime(s). The study included the most downstream station within the central Platte River segment that flowed to the confluence with the Loup River and all four active streamflow-gaging stations (2006) on the lower Platte River main stem extending from the confluence of the Loup River and Platte River to the confluence of the Platte River and Missouri River south of Omaha. The drainage areas of the five streamflow-gaging stations covered four (of eight) climate divisions in Nebraska—division 2 (north central), 3 (northeast), 5 (central), and 6 (east central).

Using GIS to Locate Areas for Growing Quality Coffee in Honduras

Abstract Small-scale coffee producers worldwide remain vulnerable to price fluctuations after the 1999-2003 coffee crisis. One way to increase small-scale farmer economic resilience is to produce a more expensive product, such as quality coffee. There is growing demand in coffee-producing and coffee-importing countries for user-friendly tools that facilitate the marketing of quality coffee. The purpose of this study is to develop a prototypical quality coffee marketing tool in the form of a GIS model that identifies regions for producing quality coffee in a country not usually associated with quality coffee, Honduras. Maps of areas for growing quality coffee were produced with information on climate, soils, topography, areas vulnerable to environmental degradation, the location of current quality coffee farms, and infrastructure. The maps depict suitable coffee-growing land in portions of eight western Honduran departments.

Relatin Dissolved Oxygen Concentration to Fish Distribution in Jarecki Lake

Abstract Water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles were measured once every month from mid July to mid February in a relatively deep sand-pit lake in southeast Nebraska. These profiles showed depleted DO concentrations below the thermocline during summer stratification indicating areas fish will likely avoid in summer months. Colder temperatures in fall caused complete mixing of the water column allowing fish to inhabit all depths of the lake. An inverse temperature stratification occurred directly below the ice during winter months as ice cover cooled the surface water to below 4 degrees Celsius. Ice cover also blocked air – water oxygen transfer and reduced light for photosynthesizing algae. Associated with winter ice cover, DO concentrations in the hypolimnion decreased significantly, once again reducing available fish habitat. It is likely anglers will have a higher success rate catching fishing in water above 6 meters (m) (~20 feet) in a eutrophic sandpit lake during hot summer months and below ice cover in winter. Fish can utilize all depths of the lake during fall turnover and could theoretically be caught by anglers anywhere in the lake.

Scraping Behavior in Male White-tailed Deer as a Potential Means of Transmitting Chronic Wasting Disease

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has become a concern for wildlife managers and hunters across the United States. High prevalence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in older male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) suggests that sex-specific social behavior may contribute to the spread of the disease among males. Scraping is a marking behavior performed by male white-tailed deer during the rut in which a pawed depression and associated over-hanging branch are marked with saliva, glandular secretions, urine, and feces. We placed 71 and 35 motion-activated cameras on scrapes in DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge in western Nebraska and eastern Iowa from Oct. – Nov. 2005 and Sept. – Nov. 2006, respectively. We recorded 5009 encounters and 1830 direct interactions. We developed an ethogram of behaviors of interest at scrapes. We found that males interacted with scrapes more frequently than females (P < 0.001). Male interactions were more complex, with 69% consisting of ≥2 observed behaviors versus 25% and 13% for females and fawns. We identified individual male deer ≥2.5 years old and determined the minimum number of different scrapes individuals visited and the number of individuals that visit a single scrape. Individuals that appeared on camera ≥5 times visited a mean of 3.9 scrapes (range = 1-15) and traveled a mean minimum distance of 978 m between consecutive scrapes. A mean of 5.1 individuals visited a single scrape, and up to 43% of individuals returned to a scrape previously visited at least once. We modeled Risk Values based on frequency of occurrence, duration, and Threat Values of each behavior, for contacting and transmitting CWD prions at scrapes. Adult males had the highest total Risk Values for contacting CWD prions (114.1) and shedding prions (59.4). The “grasp-lick branch” behavior had the highest Risk Value for adult males for both contacting and transmitting prions. Our study reveals a sex specific social behavior in male white-tailed deer that has the potential to spread chronic wasting disease between adult males in the population.

Migración y ecología trófica de peces migradores verticales dominantes del Atlántico nordeste subtropical: implicaciones en el flujo activo de carbono

[EN]Diel vertical migrants (DVMs) are mainly zooplankton and micronekton that migrate upward from 400-700 m depth every night to feed in the productive epipelagic zone and come back at dawn to the mesopelagic zone, where they release the ingested carbon. DVMs should contribute to the biological pump in the ocean and, accordingly, to thevglobal CO2 balance. A large portion of the DVMs biomass are the lanternfishes (myctophidae), which might represent a pathway accounting for a substantial export of organic carbon to the deep ocean. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this transport is still poorly known. The combined study of migration and feeding ecology is a good approach to improve our knowledge of the DVMs role in this active carbon flux. Two dominant myctophids in the Subtropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean (Hygophum hygomii (Lütken, 1892) and (Lobianchia dofleini (Zugmayer, 1911)) were studied from several surveys carried out around the Canary Islands during the last decade. Our results showed a marked diel vertical migration and a prevailing nocturnal feeding with predation mainly on copepods and euphausiids. The digestion state of prey suggested a slow stomach evacuation rate and that most of the ingested carbon in the epipelagic is efficiently transported to the mesopelagic zone.

Le paysage comme fragmentation de l'Esthetique de la nature a l'Epoque contemporaine. Les experiences poetiques de zanzotto, jaccottet at heaney

In this work, we have considered the theme of landscape in the poetry of Andrea Zanzotto, Philippe Jaccottet and Seamus Heaney within the perspective of a fragmentation of the aesthetics of nature. To that end, the most advanced theories of aesthetics applied to nature, such as environmental Aesthetics and Aesthetik der Natur (also known as ökologische Aesthetik) have been taken into account. The philosophical perspective of Paolo D’Angelo, insights from geography (in particular from the works of Franco Farinelli) and from ecology (considering the contributions of Gilles Clément to this discipline) have also been useful. We have argued that the poetic experiences of Zanzotto, Jaccottet and Heaney follow a similar path, each starting from the fusion between the poetic subject and landscape to reach a two-way relationship between them. In this interpretation, the concept of landscape has been considered, according to Michel Collot’s theory of pensée-paysage, as a phenomenon. The poetic texts have been analysed under the lenses of linguistic, stylistic and rhetorical approaches, consistent with the idea that every text must be studied within its context, as every poetic experience is constituted of three elements: the poetic subject, his language and his world, the latest being shaped by and shaping the subject’s position and the perspectives related to it: that is his discourse to the world and in this world.

Rapid parallel adaptive radiations from a single hybridogenic ancestral population

The Alpine lake whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) species complex is a classic example of a recent radiation, associated with colonization of the Alpine lakes following the glacial retreat (less than 15 kyr BP). They have formed a unique array of endemic lake flocks, each with one to six described sympatric species differing in morphology, diet and reproductive ecology. Here, we present a genomic investigation of the relationships between and within the lake flocks. Comparing the signal between over 1000 AFLP loci and mitochondrial control region sequence data, we use phylogenetic tree-based and population genetic methods to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the group and to delineate the principal centres of genetic diversity within the radiation. We find significant cytonuclear discordance showing that the genomically monophyletic Alpine whitefish clade arose from a hybrid swarm of at least two glacial refugial lineages. Within this radiation, we find seven extant genetic clusters centred on seven lake systems. Most interestingly, we find evidence of sympatric speciation within and parallel evolution of equivalent phenotypes among these lake systems. However, we also find the genetic signature of human-mediated gene flow and diversity loss within many lakes, highlighting the fragility of recent radiations.