FORMAÇÃO E ATUAÇÃO DAS PROFESSORAS INDÍGENAS DA ALDEIA PIAÇAGÜERA

O presente trabalho investiga a formação e a atuação das professoras indígenas da Escola Estadual Indígena Tupi-Guarani Ywy Pyaú, localizada no município de Peruíbe, Litoral Sul do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que assume a perspectiva narrativa na medida em que recorram à história oral dos sujeitos envolvidos, contemplando aspectos significativos para a sua formação profissional que venham ajudar a compreender sua prática cotidiana. a presente pesquisa evidencia que apesar do aporte legal emanado a partir de 1988, o direito à educação escolar indígena - específica e diferenciada - ainda não está garantido. Através das entrevistas e nas visitas efetuadas na escola da aldeia Piaçagüera pude observar a existência de demandas que merecem e necessitam de soluções eficazes e urgentes por parte do poder público, pois se constituem em entraves significativos para a consecução do projeto político pedagógico das escolas indígenas. Além disso, a condição do professor indígena como portador da tradição do grupo e ao mesmo tempo como representante do saber instituído coloca paradoxos à formação e ao exercício da profissão docente. Estas questões devem ser equacionadas a partir da visão dos povos indígenas numa perspectiva de autonomia e respeito à diversidade.

HTPC: HORÁRIO DE TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO COLETIVO OU HORÁRIO DE TRABALHO PERDIDO?

Esta pesquisa investigou o que ocorre no Horário de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo HTPC da rede de ensino do Estado de São Paulo em relação à formação continuada dos professores. Para tanto, fez um resgate histórico da construção do HTPC e buscou verificar quais ações vêm sendo desenvolvidas nesse espaço de forma a analisar se realmente é um local utilizado como formação contínua ou se a sua institucionalização caracterizou uma obrigatoriedade que acarreta resistência dos atores envolvidos. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, foi realizada em uma escola de Santo André, município da Grande São Paulo, por meio de um estudo de caso. Os HTPCs foram observados no período de um semestre e deles foram extraídos momentos, aqui denominados de cenas , que serviram como base de análise das atividades realizadas nesse horário. O estudo utilizou, como instrumentos de pesquisa, entrevista semi-estruturada com a Professora Coordenadora e questionários para os professores de um grupo do período noturno objetivando averiguar quais as suas concepções sobre formação contínua e sobre as atividades efetivamente desenvolvidas buscando determinar concordâncias ou discordâncias.(AU)

Pedagogia da Autonomia: Os Limitadores da Docência no Exercício da Autonomia na Instituição Escolar

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é identificar se existem elementos presentes nas atividades diárias do professor que interferem em seu ministério e quantificar sua influência, utilizando como referencial teórico o livro A Pedagogia da Autonomia de Paulo Freire e as bases conceituais da pedagogia freiriana. Foi feito um levantamento da rotina das instituições para comprovar a existência e a extensão do que chamaremos aqui limitadores da autonomia do trabalho docente responsáveis pela redução da capacidade do docente em seu trabalho junto aos alunos. Dessa forma, eventos cuja origem se acha fora da ação do professor, muitas vezes, distante mesmo do ambiente escolar, em um contexto em que a própria instituição se insere, têm sua participação na redução dessa autonomia. Outros limitadores têm sua gênese dentro do próprio ambiente educacional, dificultando e às vezes impedindo, essa ação. São limitadores que por sua ligação intrínseca com a instituição, do ponto de vista de contexto, neste ensaio classifico como institucionais. O excesso de atividades a que o professor se encontra sujeito, bem como a avalanche burocrática obrigando-o por vezes a levar parte de suas atividades para dentro de sua vida pessoal, aparecem aqui como limitadores funcionais, por estarem intimamente ligados aos aspectos da própria prática do docente. Mesmo as barreiras físicas e assecuratórias da tranqüilidade do ambiente escolar, como: crachás, portões, catracas e outros, são tratados aqui como limitadores físicos, compondo com os demais as categorias em torno das quais o tema aqui tratado se desenvolve. Existem de fato, limitadores da ação educacional? Em que medida produzem seus efeitos e em que proporção são sentidos pelos profissionais da educação? São questões cujas análises se embasarão em respostas dadas por professores da Educação Infantil, do Ensino Fundamental I e II além do Ensino Médio, a um questionário, que compiladas e estatisticamente tratadas, desembocarão na conclusão hipótese deste ensaio: A atividade educacional padece dos efeitos provocados pelos limitadores da ação docente . Para tanto faremos o estabelecimento das bases referenciais no capítulo primeiro, recortando da obra do eminente educador os elementos que servirão para seu embasamento teórico. Partindo dos aspectos mais genéricos para os mais específicos, que têm conotação com o presente tema, passamos no capítulo segundo ao levantamento das diversas atividades próprias da prática educativa, das quais o professor não tem como se eximir, classificando-as didaticamente, em uma preparação para um momento posterior de levantamento de dados. No capítulo terceiro é apresentado o questionário e seus resultados; a metodologia estatística empregada foi a qualitativa, porém com avaliações que permitem mensurar o grau de interferência de cada categoria presente no resultado final. Desta forma concluí, de acordo com a hipótese inicial, pela existência dos limitadores como fatores inerentes à prática educacional e sua relevância como agentes inibidores da ação docente dentro do universo estudado.(AU)

From experience to knowledge in ELT

From Experience to Knowledge in ELT investigates the developing discourses of English Language teachers in a variety of international contexts. By analysing how professional development takes place through participation in professional discourse, the chapters shed light on what teachers do and why they do it. - Better understand what they have already learned through their teaching - use that new understanding to develop their teaching - prepare to gain a recognised qualification (such as the Cambridge Teacher Knowledge Test) Using short extracts from published course books as examples, From Experience to Knowledge in ELT offers the teacher reliable procedures and alternatives, as well as ways of thinking about developing a personal teaching style.

Can a student learn optimally from two different teachers

We explore the effects of over-specificity in learning algorithms by investigating the behavior of a student, suited to learn optimally from a teacher B, learning from a teacher B' ? B. We only considered the supervised, on-line learning scenario with teachers selected from a particular family. We found that, in the general case, the application of the optimal algorithm to the wrong teacher produces a residual generalization error, even if the right teacher is harder. By imposing mild conditions to the learning algorithm form, we obtained an approximation for the residual generalization error. Simulations carried out in finite networks validate the estimate found.

Schizophrenic public administration reform in Hungary. Tension between anti-NPM systemic and pro-NPM organizational reforms

The aim of the paper is to highlight the main characteristics of the recent Hungarian public administration reform, as well as to reveal the inconsistent nature of some of its elements and to describe the connected risks. The starting point of the article is the Magyary Zoltán public administration development programme. The reform steps are compared to the ideal type NPM approach. The Hungarian public administration reform can be characterized by strong centralization and the revitalization of Hungarian anti-liberal traditions at macro level, and by the support of the enhancement of market rules and management at micro level.

Instructional change through collaboration and reflection

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Facilitator-Collaborative-Reflective Model, a strategic plan for changing teachers' practices and beliefs, on a selected group of middle school teachers. This model of staff development training was based on Corey's (1953) Cooperative-Action-Research Model and Anders and Richardson (1994) Collaborative-Reflective Model. It supports the notion that earning a teachers' commitment to change by focusing on collaboration, reflection and the normative-re-educative process aids in altering teachers' beliefs and practices especially crucial to the change process. The year-long training provided for reflection, inquiry, and learning that was useful to teachers as they pursued their goals with their students. The lead teacher, as a change agent and transformational leader, assisted in this commitment to change by improving the teachers' self-concepts as they slowly changed. The collaborative and receptive environment of the staff development fostered acceptance and stimulation of ideas.^ Given the collaborative nature of the change process, qualitative research methods were used in the investigation. The research process was based on Stufflebeam's Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) Evaluation Model (Madaus, Scriven & Stufflebeam, 1983). This allowed for all three factors of the staff development model to be evaluated. The case studies and focus group were effective in discerning any actual change in practices or beliefs.^ The findings of the qualitative evaluation, consisting of a baseline survey, case studies, questionnaire and modified focus group interviews, concluded that all of the teachers were strongly influenced by the intervention model which was the subject of this study. From this evaluation, three distinct indicators were looked at to determine if any change in the teachers' practices and beliefs emerged: (1) change in practice and belief, (2) reflective feedback and (3) collaborative reflection. These indicators were common throughout the teacher responses thus substantiating the infusion of the Facilitator-Collaborative-Reflective Model at the school level for effective staff development. ^

Heteronormativity and teaching: A phenomenological study of lesbian teachers

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand what impact “heteronormativity” has on a lesbian teacher's perception of her instructional style, content, and context of curriculum taught. Through taped interviews with lesbian educators, this research examined the lived experience of the lesbian teacher. The framework for this study included theories related to historical, sociocultural, and psychosocial development while the methodology included a qualitative design using primary elements of a phenomenological study outlined without ignoring the influence associated with contextualism. Due to the sensitive nature of the study nine women who were the focus of this research were volunteers with the first serving as a “gatekeeper” to assist in the pilot study. The subsequent group evolved as a result of “snowballing” to gain more participants. ^ The data in the form of narrative derived from the interviews was transcribed, color-coded, and organized into four themes and associated sub-themes, based upon the perceptions of these educators. These themes characterized the coming out process of a lesbian, which directly paralleled the personal and professional development of the lesbian educator, emerged as a result of the analysis. They included: (a) self-acknowledgement; (b) self-indentification; (c) coming out to other lesbians by overcoming fear and establishing relationships; (d) coming out to others by overcoming heteronormativity by using support groups in defining a lesbian's role as a teacher. ^ The results of this study showed that the acceptance of the lesbian culture, shared with the acknowledgement, rather than compliance or defiance, of cultural hegemony can allow the lesbian educator to develop a curriculum and a classroom climate that will foster understanding and even generate social change among colleagues, parents, and students, one person at a time. ^

TEACHNJ: An Evaluation of Two Years Implementation

The Teacher Effectiveness and Accountability for the Children of New Jersey (TEACHNJ) Act was adopted by the New Jersey legislature in August 2012 with the intent to raise student achievement by improving the overall quality of instruction. As a result of this act, new teacher evaluation systems are being introduced in school districts across the state in an effort to more accurately assess teacher performance. The new teacher evaluations will be based on multiple classroom observations as well as the academic achievement of their students as measured on standardized tests. In addition, professional development opportunities are likely to change under this legislation, with schools customizing professional development programs to more effectively meet the needs of their teachers. The overarching question that informs our research is what impact will TEACH NJ have on the overall value of teacher evaluations and the quality of professional development opportunities offered to teachers. Data collected through survey research presents the pre-implementation practices (2011-2012 school year) as well as one year post-implementation practices (2013-2014) taking place in school districts throughout New Jersey. The findings reflect teachers’ perceptions of the value of the current teacher evaluation practices, the quality of the current professional development opportunities and the value the school administration places on teacher evaluations.

Iniciação docente na educação infantil: cenários de uma cultura profissional

This paper focalizes the initial teacher socialization in the Infantile Education from the acknowledgement about that as a phase of a professional life cycle on distinguish of other steps in the teachers’ carrier. It is based on the studies of sociological and anthropological mark with the comprehension that the professional reality is equally constructed by daily practices of social interactions in the work environment. It aims understanding how the initial process of professional culture building of beginners in the infantile education occurs under a view toward to the organizational and dynamics aspects of the teacher activity (events, interactions, practices, wisdoms, tensions and dilemmas). This investigation assuming the orientations of an ethnographic type approach has been developed in a Municipal Center of Infantile Education (Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil) in the city of Natal, with daycare and pre-school. The participant subjects are four female teachers with less than five years in Infantile Education career. It has used a participant observation and a semi-structured interview in the data building that had interpreted through a content analysis and sources triangulation. It delineates three dimensions to the professional culture scenarios: the personal and formative profile of the subjects, the school daily and the teacher work management. The multiform character of the finds evidences that the professional culture of the novice teachers has been constituted from the confrontation with different situations of unpredictably in their emotions, routines and pedagogical and administrative difficulties, simultaneously to the dilemmas of child care and educate. The solitude feeling has been generating from the institutional and scholar organization, which offers no material and pedagogical conditions to the peers collaboration and discussion. Finally it means that teaching in the Infantile Education must been based on an expanding network relations, been indispensable to the beginners the support and orientation related to doubts, wistfulness and expectations as means of socializing and redefining their teaching practice

A docência na educação infantil: representações sociais dos professores cursistas do proinfantil do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte sobre o trabalho docente

The overall objective of this research is to identify and analyze social representations of (the) teachers(the) Ranciere the Initial Training Program for Teachers in Office in Early Childhood Education - PROINFANTIL - UFRN/MEC on the teaching work, seeking to identify their constituent elements and understand the dynamics of your organization. We assume that these teachers work fundamentally, in the institutions of Early Childhood Education, with knowledge of common sense and related cultural inherent to be/do professor in the design of education guardian/giving handouts to ensure the physical integrity of children, causing a rift between the caring and educating. From this general objective, we elected as specific objectives: identify the social, economic and cultural backgrounds of these (the) teachers (sa); identify what is teaching work for them (the) as well as identify which the psychosocial implications driven by RS on teaching work that point to tensions between the training and the exercise teacher as activity profissional.Como theoretical foundation we opted for Social Representations Theory of Moscovici (2003), Jodelet (2001); Specificities of the teaching Work in Early Childhood Education: Kramer (2002; 2006); OliveiraFormosinho (2007); Zilma de Oliveira (2007), Teacher Training: Ramalho, Nunez and Galthier (2003) and Tardif and Lessard (2008), content Analysis: Bardin (2004). As methodological procedure, we chose the Central Nucleus theory, developed by Jean Claude Abric (2000). Contributed to the scope of this objective the 171 teachers (the) that concluded the Proinfantil NBs to participate of TALP with justifications. The corpus arising from evocations around the words suggested by Carlos Chagas Foundation: give classrooms, teacher, pupil and added the word Child Education, were subjected to a treatment with the aid of the EVOC software (2000), identifying the central nucleus. The results indicate the words more evoked and significant: Planning, child care, educating, and play. Indicating that for these (the) teachers (the) the teaching work in Early Childhood Education must have a systematic pedagogical to educate children. These words correspond to the specificity of being/doing teaching in Early Childhood Education. However, the data shows that it is a job with different characteristics of the teaching work in other stages of education

Abordando o sono no ensino médio: proposta de unidade didática contextualizada com o tema saúde

Biological rhythms are part of the life from the simplest to the most complex living beings. In humans, one of the most important biological rhythms is the sleep-wake cycle (SWC), which represents an indispensable behavior for health, since sleep deprivation can lead to deficits in attention and memory, mood and daytime sleepiness which may affect school performance. Nevertheless, the SWC is a content rarely discussed in schools. Thus, the aim of this research was to address contents of the sleep-wake cycle, related to the content of Health to encourage healthy sleep habits. This study was conducted in a public school with 33 students of the 3rd year of high school and is divided into four stages: 1st) Study and analysis of the content of the textbook adopted by the school to subsidize the activities covered in the teaching unit (TU) and approximation with the biology teacher from the class to evaluated the feasibility of schedules for the development of TU; 2nd) Survey of students' prior knowledge, through a questionnaire, to guide the development of the TU; 3rd) Development and implementation of a TU based on meaningful learning and characterization of the students sleep habits, 4th) Evaluation of the TU as a viable proposal to teach biological rhythms concepts. Previous knowledge of students about the SWC are scarce and this content is not covered in the books adopted by the school. Alternative conceptions were observed, particularly with regard to individual differences in sleep, which may contribute to the occurrence of inadequate sleep habits, as reported by the adolescents in this study. The activities developed during UD were well received by the students who showed participative, motivated and evaluated positively the procedures used by the researcher. After the TU, students' knowledge about the concept of biological rhythms has been increased and they started to identify that the SWC changes throughout life and occur due biological and socio-cultural factors. Thus, the UD elaborated in this study represents a viable proposal to teach the concepts of biological rhythms contextualized to the content of Health, in high school

Formação docente e conhecimento profissional: desafios para o ensino da matemática na EJA

As for the Education for Youth and Adult (EYA), the challenge of training these teachers is to provide tools to understand and act on the teaching of mathematics. It is realized just how special education in this modality and as such teaching is lacking in an adequate and solid training in the area of knowledge. One of the major problems affecting this type of education is the high dropout and failure rates, and lack of motivation among students. Thus the need to provide differentiated profile with a professional to teach youth and adults students, so that they are able to mobilize didactic-pedagogic knowledge, methodologies and theoretical frameworks that serve as a basis for school-developed teaching practice. This thesis aims to investigate how the math teacher, who acts in adult education from elementary school, has developed its didactic and pedagogical action, and that professional knowledge has been mobilized to teach? It has highlighted the importance of initial and continuing training and professionalization of teachers dedicated to this specific type of education, when teachers should be the protagonists of their professional development. The methodological approach was begun with a literature review, then the research was anchored mainly on the ideas by Gauthier, Nuñez and Ramalho (2004); Imbernon (2011), Garcia (2006); Perrenoud (2000); Tardif (2007 ); Haddad, Di Pierro (2000), D'Ambrosio (2002), Mendes (2006, 2009), Freire (1996, 2011), and other theorists and official documents of field of adult education here and abroad. That work leads us to the understanding of the present moment from a foray into historical and conceptual aspects, as well as educational policies of EYA, as well as training, professionalism, knowledge and skills necessary for professional practice. Then, the subjects and the locus of research and the instrument for data collection were set up and led by the object of study. To consolidate the study was selected a sample of 27 mathematics teachers, working in municipal EYA Network Teaching of Natal. This research is in an investigative nature, within the quantitative and qualitative approaches focused on the responses of study subjects from the content analysis by Bardin (1977). Results from the analyzes have revealed that the initial training of mathematics teachers of adult education needs to be reconfigured in order to formalize the knowledge base of professionals (the mathematical content, didactics and professional knowledge). Thus the study suggests that this base knowledge is embedded in the pedagogical practice of these teachers, so that there is a completion of the teaching and learning process for young people and adults. The study also has pointed out that there is a need for teachers to participate in a continuing education plan that prioritizes learning situations of mathematical content considering the previous knowledge of the students. The final analyses thus indicate that knowledge of mathematics and the didactic and pedagogical strategies to be mobilized by teachers must be able to motivate the students in such a way that they feel need to incorporate in their knowledge, mathematical knowledge capable of making them more likely to have access to social, economic and labor market

Desenho de deficiência visual: uma experiência no ensino de artes visuais na perspectiva da educação inclusiva

Over the past 30 years, Art Education in interface with disabilities has been a subject of increasing interest in research in academia, especially with regard to Special Education, but still has some shortages in terms of socialization studies to discuss this type of teaching from the perspective of inclusive education. In this scenario, this paper presents an analysis from the field of teaching Visual Arts in the context of school inclusion, with emphasis on teaching drawing to the visually impaired. The conducted literature indicates a number of authors who discuss teaching drawing to people with visual disabilities, who are dedicated primarily to the Special Education context. In this sense, the shortage of research that discuss this teaching from the perspective of inclusive education, this research aimed at the inclusive approach to teaching drawing in the school context. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a proposal for a pedagogical intervention in Visual Arts, with reference to drawing and its construction process, with the participation of seeing and unseeing students. Therefore, the methodological approach, which was qualitative, was the intervention research, in the light of the Bakhtinian principles of dialogism and otherness, with exploratory study characteristics. The locus of the research was the State School Admiral Newton Braga Faria, which is located in Alecrim, on the East Zone of Natal / RN and is near the Institute for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind - IERC / RN. The class chosen for intervention was the 7th grade “C” afternoon shift, which had children aged 12 to 16, with 27 students enrolled, three students with disabilities: 02 blind girls and 01 deafblind boy with light hearing and visual loss. As interlocutors of the research, we could also count on the Art teacher who served as a collaborator, as well as teacher in the school’s Multifunction Resource Room. The instruments and research procedures were observation, semi-structured interview, field diary and the photo / video recording. In the development of research, we conducted 10 workshops with multisensory teaching sequences, articulating the physical, tactile and graphical expressions as intrinsic to the reading and production of drawing for both seeing and unseeing students. The process and data built on research allowed for a reflection on cultural experiences with drawing in the school context and on the interactions between seeing and unseeing students in the production and analysis of tactile-visual drawings. They also point out the construction of a teaching approach to drawing, in the context of the common class, from educational workshops that enable artistic and aesthetic interactions from the perspective of school inclusiveness. Thus, we argued that the mobilization of the tactile, physical and graphical expressions can be adopted in a multisensory approach that enables a pedagogical focus that involves all students and is not restricted to the presence of students with visual impairment.

Autonomic hardware manager: uma arquitetura de hardware autonômico usando a solução de repositório ativo de componentes

This Thesis main objective is to implement a supporting architecture to Autonomic Hardware systems, capable of manage the hardware running in reconfigurable devices. The proposed architecture implements manipulation, generation and communication functionalities, using the Context Oriented Active Repository approach. The solution consists in a Hardware-Software based architecture called "Autonomic Hardware Manager (AHM)" that contains an Active Repository of Hardware Components. Using the repository the architecture will be able to manage the connected systems at run time allowing the implementation of autonomic features such as self-management, self-optimization, self-description and self-configuration. The proposed architecture also contains a meta-model that allows the representation of the Operating Context for hardware systems. This meta-model will be used as basis to the context sensing modules, that are needed in the Active Repository architecture. In order to demonstrate the proposed architecture functionalities, experiments were proposed and implemented in order to proof the Thesis hypothesis and achieved objectives. Three experiments were planned and implemented: the Hardware Reconfigurable Filter, that consists of an application that implements Digital Filters using reconfigurable hardware; the Autonomic Image Segmentation Filter, that shows the project and implementation of an image processing autonomic application; finally, the Autonomic Autopilot application that consist of an auto pilot to unmanned aerial vehicles. In this work, the applications architectures were organized in modules, according their functionalities. Some modules were implemented using HDL and synthesized in hardware. Other modules were implemented kept in software. After that, applications were integrated to the AHM to allow their adaptation to different Operating Context, making them autonomic.