Sistemas de Informação

A unidade aborda, inicialmente, o conceito de informação em seus aspectos históricos e a importância da mesma na área da saúde. Assim, a unidade segue aprofundando o conceito no que diz respeito ao planejamento de ações e controle do sistema de saúde (DATASUS), seja nas características dos diversos territórios e seus respectivos processos de saúde-doença e necessidades de suas populações bem como na produção de serviços por parte das equipes responsáveis pela assistência à saúde, em todos os níveis de atenção do SUS. A unidade apresenta também os principais sistemas de informações utilizados atualmente no SUS, dando ênfase ao SIAB (atenção básica) com as respectivas fichas cadastrais e metodologias de preenchimento.

Avaliação em sistemas locais de saúde

Tópico 1 – Avaliação em Saúde O tópico conceitua avaliação e apresenta a necessidade de critérios claros e definidos para a avaliação em gestão, as diferentes concepções de saúde e suas práticas, as diferentes técnicas de avaliação e o modelo mais usado - Donabedian, com a estruturação do sistema e a tríade estrutura – processo – resultado, exemplificando com sua utilização em Santa Catarina. Apresenta os pilares da qualidade e sua aplicação à Estratégia Saúde da Família em toda sua estrutura. Tópico 2 – Tipos de Avaliação O tópico apresenta a tipologia de Novaes (2000) e seus critérios sintetizados, as 3 linhas de abordagem da avaliação em Saúde, os objetivos da avaliação para a melhoria dos sistemas de saúde, o conceito de avaliação dinâmica para o monitoramento e identificação de problemas, produção de respostas ágeis, normas e critérios para medidas de correção. Aborda, também, a finalidade da avaliação para conhecimento, gerenciamento e decisão e os momento ex-ante e ex-post, a natureza da avaliação, sua tipologia conforme objetos e atores envolvidos e a diferença segundo diferentes objetos e processos. Tópico 3 – Técnicas e Instrumentos de Avaliação O tópico trata de como avaliar em saúde, a partir da tradução do fenômeno, da análise dedados primários, das fontes de dados, dos levantamentos contínuos dos dados nos SIM, SINASC, SINAN, SI PNI, SIAB, DATASUS, da importância das taxas e proporções de ocorrência, da qualidade e quantidade de indicadores, a importância das ESF para coleta dos dados, conforme critérios de fidedignidade, relevância e integralidade, exemplificando com os estudos de Linha de Base – PROESF, dos avaliadores internos e externos. Tópico 4 - AMQ, AMAQ, PMAQ e IDSUS O tópico apresenta as propostas dinâmicas de avaliação incentivas a partir do MS, influenciadas pelos gestores em exercício: AMQ para qualificar Estratégias Saúde da Família, seus 5 instrumentos divididos em 2 grupos elencados em 5 níveis; PMAQ - suas 4 fases – contratualização, desenvolvimento, avaliação externa e recontratualização; AMAQ – orientada princípios e diretrizes de Atenção Básica; IDSUS – o índice de desempenho a partir de grupos de indicadores simples e compostos para avaliação do SUS. Unidade 3 do módulo 5 que compõe o Curso de Especialização Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família.

Sistemas de Informações Geográficas e análise espacial na Saúde Pública

Apresenta conceitos e operações de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas. O território, tal como abordado, é uma síntese de processos geográficos, econômicos, sociais, históricos e culturais, constituindo-se em objeto fundamental para a explicação das características dos perfis de morbi-mortalidade que se apresentam nos distintos grupamentos populacionais. Este livro pertence as séries: Textos básicos de saúde e Capacitação e atualização em geoprocessamento em saúde (v. 2).

Homogeneidade e heterogeneidade nos sistemas educacionais: Argentina, Brasil, Chile e México

This study focus on the reconfiguration of educational management in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, which was promoted by the new logic of social regulation and the new role attributed to the State, considering each country's own historicity. So, the cultural factors that interfere on the dynamics of the 90' school reform are analyzed. Aspects that show the homogeneity or heterogeneity of these reforms in the region, as well as local specificities that block out the concretization of the reform are underlined. It is shown that the historicity that characterizes the educational reform has taken, in each country, a form that can be called, in Mexico, conservative rupture; in Chile, conservative continuity; in Brazil, conservative renovation; and, in Argentina, interrupted rupture. Some conclusions about the impact of educational reform in the selected countries are recuperated through the analysis of 186 academic texts on the subject.

Química Analítica de Processos

Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) is an important and growing area in analytical chemistry, that has received little attention in academic centers devoted to the gathering of knowledge and to optimization of chemical processes. PAC is an area devoted to optimization and knowledge acquisition of chemical processes, to reducing costs and wastes and to making an important contribution to sustainable development. The main aim of this review is to present to the Brazilian community the development and state of the art of PAC, discussing concepts, analytical techniques currently employed in the industry and some applications.

Sistemas aquosos bifásicos: fundamentos e aplicações para partição/purificação de proteínas

By the year 2005 the world biochemical market will reach an estimated $ 100 billion and separation processes are a vital link between lab discoveries and the fulfillment of this commercialization potential. The practical application of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) to extraction processes has been exploited for several years for the recovery of biological products. Unfortunately, this has not resulted in an extensive presence of the technique in commercial processes. In this paper a critical overview of the fundamental thermodynamic properties related to formation of aqueous two-phase systems and their application to extraction and purification of bioparticules is presented.

Glutationa e enzimas relacionadas: papel biológico e importância em processos patológicos

Glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes are pivotal for the normal functioning of several important biological processes. In this review we discuss the biosynthesis and the catalytic cycles of glutathione as well as the major GSH-related enzymes. We also present how glutathione and enzymes are involved in cancer and the chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods used to analyze glutathione and/or its derivatives.

Processos naturais de biodegradação do petróleo em reservatórios

Petroleum biodegradation in reservoirs is a process caused by different microorganisms affecting many oil deposits which modifies the oil composition in a quasi-stepwise process starting from n-alkanes and isoprenoids through to diasteranes. This causes oil souring and increased viscosity, sulfur and metal content, having a direct impact on oil production and refining costs.

Atividade de extratos de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Verlot obtidos por processos biotecnológicos sobre a proliferação de fibroblastos e células tumorais humanas

Arrabidaea chica (H&B) Verlot is a plant popularly known as Pariri and this species is a known source of anthocyanins, flavonoids and tannins. This report describes an approach involving enzymatic treatment prior to extraction procedures to enhance A chica crude extract anticancer activity. Anticancer activity in human cancer cell lines in vitro using a 48 h SRB cell viability assay was performed to determine growth inhibition and cytotoxic properties. The final extraction yield without enzyme treatment was higher (24.28%) compared to the enzyme-treated material (19.03%), with an enhanced aglycones anthocyanin ratio as determined by HPLC- DAD and LC-MS with direct infusion.

Sistematização do dimensionamento técnico e econômico de sistemas fotovoltaicos isolados por meio de programa computacional

One of the main referring subjects to the solar energy is how to compare it economically with other sources of energy, as much alternatives as with conventionals (like the electric grid). The purpose of this work was to develop a software which congregates the technical and economic main data to identify, through methods of microeconomic analysis, the commercial viability in the sizing of photovoltaic systems, besides considering the benefits proceeding from the proper energy generation. Considering the period of useful life of the components of the generation system of photovoltaic electricity, the costs of the energy proceeding from the conventional grid had been identified. For the comparison of the conventional sources, electric grid and diesel generation, three scenes of costs of photovoltaic panels and two for the factor of availability of diesel generation had been used. The results have shown that if the cost of the panels is low and the place of installation is more distant of the electric grid, the photovoltaic system becomes the best option.

Teores de nutrientes na alface irrigada com água residuária aplicada por sistemas de irrigação

A trial was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition in the aerial part of lettuce, cv. 'Elisa', irrigated with wastewater treated with constructed wetland and source deposit water, grown on a Rhodic Hapludox Soil, using the irrigation systems sprinkle, subsurface drip and surface drip irrigation. The experiment was carried out from August 17th to October 3rd of 2001 and the chemical analyses of the lettuce were accomplished to 47 days after transplanting of the seedling. The aerial part of the lettuce was analyzed as for the levels of total nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, sodium, boron, cobalt and molybdenum. The sodium and the sulfur presented higher levels than the maximum suitable in the aerial part of the lettuce and the smallest level of magnesium, while other chemical elements analyzed were normal and appropriate considering the standard for well-nourished plants, not being influenced by the water type. The sodium was the chemical element that presented the highest levels in the aerial part of the lettuce in the treatments irrigated with wastewater, presenting significant difference in relationship to the treatments irrigated with source deposit water in the three irrigation systems. The use of the different irrigation systems by the application of wastewater treated with constructed wetland did not interfere in the levels of nutrients in the aerial part of the lettuce.

Filtros de areia aplicados à irrigação localizada: teoria e prática

The application of sand filters in localized irrigation systems is recommended in the presence of organic and algae contamination. The proper design and maintenance of these equipments are essential to assure an effective water quality control, in order to reduce the emitters clogging, to keep its water application uniformity, and to prevent increasing in the system operation costs. Despite the existence of some references about design, operation and maintenance of these filters, they are dispersed, with not enough details to guarantee the optimization of its hydraulics structure design and the proper selection of porous media to be used. Therefore, the objective of this work was to report a current literature review, relating practical information with scientific knowledge. The content of this review would help to induce and intensify the research on this subject and to contribute so the operational functions for the equipment are reached. It is also expected to assist the improvement of the filtration and flushing processes in the agricultural irrigation and the development of original design procedures and the rational use of these devices.

FORMAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS E PROCESSOS IDENTIFICATÓRIOS NA AQUISIÇÃO DE LÍNGUAS

This paper discusses theoretical results of the research project Linguistic Identity and Identification: A Study of Functions of Second Language in Enunciating Subject Constitution. Non-cognitive factors that have a crucial incidence in the degree of success and ways of accomplishment of second language acquisition process are focused. A transdisciplinary perspective is adopted, mobilising categories from Discourse Analysis and Psychoanalysis. The most relevant ones are: discursive formation, intradiscourse, interdiscourse, forgetting n° 1, forgetting n° 2 (Pêcheux, 1982), identity, identification (Freud, 1966; Lacan, 1977; Nasio, 1995). Revuz s views (1991) are discussed. Her main claim is that during the process of learning a foreign language, the foundations of psychical structure, and consequently first language, are required. After examining how nomination and predication processes work in first and second languages, components of identity and identification processes are focused on, in an attempt to show how second language acquisition strategies depend on them. It is stated that methodological affairs of language teaching, learner s explicit motivation and the like are subordinated to the comprehension of deeper non-cognitive factors that determine the accomplishment of the second language acquisition process. It is also pointed out that those factors are to be approached, questioning the bipolar biological-social conception of subjectivity in the study of language acquisition and use and including in the analysis symbolic and significant dimensions of the discourse constitution process.

Fluidodinâmica de sementes de brócolos em leito fluizado e leito de jorro

The spouted and fluidized bed technologies are usually employed in operations of drying, coating and granulation of particles by the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The use of these techniques in agronomy is limited to the treatment of some species of seeds. In this work, the objective was to analyse the fluid-dynamics of fluidized and spouted beds when broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) seeds are used and also to verify the influence on seed germination after 60 min of seed exposition to spouting or fluidization, at room temperature. The fluid-dynamics was defined by the measurements of the bed pressure drop as a function of the air flow rate for different seeds loads. The experimental conditions were based on the physical properties of the seeds and were limited by the apparatus dimensions. The cone-cylindrical bed was constructed in plexyglass to permit flow visualization. The values of the parameters: maximum pressure drop, minimum spouting flow rate and pressure drop, and stable spout pressure drop were experimentally obtained from the fluid-dynamic analysis and were compared with the values calculated by empirical equations found in the literature. The same procedure was carried out with the fluidized bed and the important parameters for this regime were the air velocity and the bed pressure drop at minimum fluidization. The analysis of seed germination indicated that no damage was caused to the seeds by the spout or fluidization processes.

Em jogo a relação entre pesquisador e clube : futebol e processos grupais

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física