763 resultados para human rights
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Social movement theories offer useful conceptual and analytical tools to the study and research of global media reform movements. This article is a critical analysis of the Communication Rights in the Information Society (CRIS) campaign. It explores its successes and blind-spots in the light of social movement theory, in particular resource mobilization theory (RMT), and offers practical directions for the movement to move on from where it is to where it ought to be.
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An important test of the progress of development management is its contribution to human rights, especially in transition economies. This article explores the failure to protect the rights of the Roma child in Romania, who are particularly vulnerable to abandonment and institutionalisation. 2008 witnessed the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and several other related celebrations. Nevertheless, within EU borders, minority populations can still lead dismal lives. It is argued that although both the EU and the Romanian government made the Roma's social inclusion a top priority, they failed to bring about substantial improvement. The first contribution of the article is to reinforce the trend within development management of linking policy implementation to the specific needs of the local context. Contemporary policy reports and early empirical results from an exploratory study in Galati, mainly in the area of education, suggest several inter-related causes of poor implementation, including the national political context, specific issues affecting the Roma and local implementation capacity. The second contribution suggests that ideas from business and management, specifically the notion of organisational receptivity to change, could increase the pace of change. Receptivity provides a framework for understanding local issues and how to manage them. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Peer reviewed
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Peer reviewed
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Many of the elements that have traditionally supported state level normative self-organization, most notably territory, are being actively undermined by rising sea levels, flooding, desertification, amongst other climate change effects. As more and more states come to be redefined as disappearing , that is, states losing their territories to the natural environment through no specific fault of their own, a question arises as to how displaced communities will be assisted in their desire (and right) to continue to practice principles of self-determination and self-government? What is clear is that the international community can no longer continue with the fiction of a unified or unchanging model of the liberal democratic state. Instead, alternative ontological models of sovereign community are required, as is a re-imagining of how statehood might be re-constituted in the future in response to deepening ecological problems. The international community must now begin to address the immanent nature of threats posed to disappearing states and consider how a model of statehood that does not privilege territory as a fixed component of state identity could be operationalized. This paper considers how a democratic reform of statehood might proceed and resettlement agreements for displaced communities determined. The transition to an era of peaceful sovereign relations under deteriorating global climate conditions and growing natural resource scarcity, it argues, will require a significant extension of established traditions of democratic compromise, human rights solidarity and cosmopolitan justice.
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In theory, the multiple platforms and transnational nature of digital media, along with a related proliferation of diverse forms of content, make it easier for childrens right to access socially and culturally beneficial information and material to be realised, as required by Article 17 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Drawing on data collected during research on childrens screen content in the Arab world, combined with scrutiny of documents collated by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, which monitors compliance with the CRC, this paper explores how three Arab countries, Egypt, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates, presented their efforts to implement Article 17 as part of their periodic reporting on their overall performance in putting the CRC into effect. It uncovers tensions over the relationship between provision, participation and protection in relation to media, reveals that Article 17 is liable to get less attention than it deserves in contexts where governments keep a tight grip on media, and that, by appearing to give it a lower priority, all parties neglect the intersection between human rights in relation to media and childrens rights.
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While the right of parents to educate their children in their religious or philosophical conviction is recognised in Human Rights instruments (e.g. CoE 1952, protocol 1), educators must also attend to the right of a child to autonomy (UN 1989, Article 12.1) and the right of liberal democratic states to reproduce values of equity and freedom. This paper argues that certain forms of inter-religious dialogue and/or inter-religious collaborative learning can assist educators in balancing these rights where religion has significant influence and power over the management of schools and/or the curriculum. It is argued that in addition to the learning benefits which may result, the use of collaboration and dialogue goes some way in addressing three philosophical criticisms of religious education: first that religiously separate and religiously based education pays insufficient attention to the rights of children and, secondly, is likely to contribute to social fragmentation; and third, pupils will lack the skills to overcome prejudice or intolerance where they have no experience of others as a result of separate schooling or from a religiously narrow curriculum, and the latter may in fact support intolerant views. A rationale is developed that asserts the value of collaboration or dialogue as a pedagogical strategy that can, to some degree, mitigate potential negative outcomes from religious education. This argument is further supported with reference to a range of empirical studies.
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The study on the concept of sanctity of human life is a journey in finding out what is it said to be human in human life. It is an evaluation of the universal concept and the role it plays in controlling and moulding human conduct and relationships. This concept is a foundational principle of human rights law and the grundnorm of every legal system. However, of late, the challenges by way of certain advances in human genetic research had prompted the need to evaluate the significance and extent of the concept in human endeavours. Scientific advances by way of human genetic research promises significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances but at the same time pose threat to fundamental notions and assumptions on humanity, hence there is a global concern to derive common legal standards, Thus the major challenge is to analyse universal principles which can be a common criteria for evolving legal standards to control certain advances in human genetic research. Hence the relevance of the study. The study aims at analysing the content, scope, extent and limitation of the concept of sanctity of human life. In this attempt it evaluates the extent to which the concept had been accommodated by legal systems and international human rights regimes. The problem which had been undertaken in the study is the extent of intrusion made to the concept by virtue of certain advances in human genetic research.
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Cette thse examine linterprtation et lapplication, par lHaute Cour d'Isral (HCJ), de principes du droit international de loccupation et du droit international des droits de la personne dans le traitement de requtes judiciaires formules par des justiciables palestiniens. Elle sintresse plus particulirement aux jugements rendus depuis le dclenchement de la deuxime Intifada (2000) suite des requtes mettant en cause la lgalit des mesures adoptes par les autorits israliennes au nom dun besoin prtendu daccroitre la scurit des colonies et des colons israliens dans le territoire occup de la Cisjordanie. La premire question sous tude concerne la mesure dans laquelle la Cour offre un recours effectif aux demandeurs palestiniens face aux violations allgues de leurs droits internationaux par loccupant. La recherche fait sienne la position de la HJC selon laquelle le droit de loccupation est guid par une logique interne tenant compte de la balance des intrts en cause, en loccurrence le besoin de scurit de loccupant, dune part, et les droits fondamentaux de loccup, dautre part. Elle considre, en outre, que cette logique se voit reflte dans les principes normatifs constituant la base de ce corpus juridique, soit que loccupation est par sa nature temporaire, que de loccupation dcoule un rapport de fiduciaire et, finalement, que loccupant nacquiert point de souverainet sur le territoire. Ainsi, la deuxime question qui est pose est de savoir si linterprtation du droit par la Cour (HCJ) a eu pour effet de promouvoir ces principes normatifs ou, au contraire, de leur porter prjudice. La runion de plusieurs facteurs, savoir la dure prolonge de loccupation de la Cisjordanie par Isral, la menace accrue la scurit depuis 2000 ainsi quune politique de colonisation isralienne active, soutenue par ltat, prsentent un cas de figure unique pour vrifier lhypothse selon laquelle les tribunaux nationaux des tats dmocratiques, gnralement, et ceux jouant le rle de la plus haute instance judiciaire dune puissance occupante, spcifiquement, parviennent assurer la protection des droits et liberts fondamentaux et de la primaut du droit au niveau international. Le premier chapitre prsente une tude, la lumire du premier principe normatif nonc ci-haut, des jugements rendus par la HCJ dans les dossiers contestant la lgalit de la construction du mur lintrieur de la Cisjordanie et de la zone dite ferme (Seam Zone), ainsi que des zones de scurit spciales entourant les colonies. Le deuxime chapitre analyse, cette fois la lumire du deuxime principe normatif, des jugements dans les dossiers mettant en cause des restrictions sur les dplacements imposes aux Palestiniens dans le but allgu de protger la scurit des colonies et/ou des colons. Le troisime chapitre jette un regard sur les jugements rendus dans les dossiers mettant en cause la lgalit du trac du mur lintrieur et sur le pourtour du territoire annex de Jrusalem-Est. Les conclusions dcoulant de cette recherche se fondent sur des donnes tires dentrevues menes auprs davocats israliens qui sadressent rgulirement la HCJ pour le compte de justiciables palestiniens.
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Resident rights are guaranteed by the Federal 1987 Nursing Home Reform Law and Iowa Code. It requires long-term care facilities to promote and protect the rights of residents and places a strong emphasis on individual dignity and self-determination. Staff shall provide privacy and maintain dignity and respect. Residents shall be free from abuse and restraints. Residents may participate in planning of care and medical treatment.
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This thesis examines the effect of combating of human trafficking as a crime. Special emphasis has been placed on forced labour and the rights of trafficked victims and their protection. The study explores various legislations undertaken at regional, national and international levels and considers rights of trafficked victims under international human rights and Islamic rights. The aim of the thesis is to provide a critical and comparative analysis of the legal systems of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the United Kingdom (UK) in terms of human trafficking. The thesis consists of eight chapter; each covering a different aspect of the study. It begins by providing background information regarding the issue of human trafficking and proceeds to examine developments of legal frameworks across the two jurisdictions to combat this crime and penalize the criminals. It seeks to examine the legal system pertaining to human trafficking for forced labour and analyse the three distinct platforms, that is, prevention, protection, and punishment, by comparing the legal systems of the KSA and the UK. The examination of both countries aims to identify the strength and weaknesses of the KSA system as compared to the UK system. Thus, it concludes that the KSA can improve its ranking from Tier 2 watch list to Tier 1 if reforms are introduced in the legislation and enforcement domains. The study also demonstrates how the UK and the KSA portray human trafficking in their regional laws. A problem often faced during the information-gathering and investigation stages is the lack of available evidence against traffickers, a particular issue in the KSA. The thesis concludes that the transnational aspect of this phenomenon makes it necessary to establish a thorough and comprehensive legal framework to cover all matters pertaining to this crime, including the protection of victims and punishment of criminals in the KSA and the UK, including immigration and kafala strategies that may be of value in future researches.
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Cette thse examine linterprtation et lapplication, par lHaute Cour d'Isral (HCJ), de principes du droit international de loccupation et du droit international des droits de la personne dans le traitement de requtes judiciaires formules par des justiciables palestiniens. Elle sintresse plus particulirement aux jugements rendus depuis le dclenchement de la deuxime Intifada (2000) suite des requtes mettant en cause la lgalit des mesures adoptes par les autorits israliennes au nom dun besoin prtendu daccroitre la scurit des colonies et des colons israliens dans le territoire occup de la Cisjordanie. La premire question sous tude concerne la mesure dans laquelle la Cour offre un recours effectif aux demandeurs palestiniens face aux violations allgues de leurs droits internationaux par loccupant. La recherche fait sienne la position de la HJC selon laquelle le droit de loccupation est guid par une logique interne tenant compte de la balance des intrts en cause, en loccurrence le besoin de scurit de loccupant, dune part, et les droits fondamentaux de loccup, dautre part. Elle considre, en outre, que cette logique se voit reflte dans les principes normatifs constituant la base de ce corpus juridique, soit que loccupation est par sa nature temporaire, que de loccupation dcoule un rapport de fiduciaire et, finalement, que loccupant nacquiert point de souverainet sur le territoire. Ainsi, la deuxime question qui est pose est de savoir si linterprtation du droit par la Cour (HCJ) a eu pour effet de promouvoir ces principes normatifs ou, au contraire, de leur porter prjudice. La runion de plusieurs facteurs, savoir la dure prolonge de loccupation de la Cisjordanie par Isral, la menace accrue la scurit depuis 2000 ainsi quune politique de colonisation isralienne active, soutenue par ltat, prsentent un cas de figure unique pour vrifier lhypothse selon laquelle les tribunaux nationaux des tats dmocratiques, gnralement, et ceux jouant le rle de la plus haute instance judiciaire dune puissance occupante, spcifiquement, parviennent assurer la protection des droits et liberts fondamentaux et de la primaut du droit au niveau international. Le premier chapitre prsente une tude, la lumire du premier principe normatif nonc ci-haut, des jugements rendus par la HCJ dans les dossiers contestant la lgalit de la construction du mur lintrieur de la Cisjordanie et de la zone dite ferme (Seam Zone), ainsi que des zones de scurit spciales entourant les colonies. Le deuxime chapitre analyse, cette fois la lumire du deuxime principe normatif, des jugements dans les dossiers mettant en cause des restrictions sur les dplacements imposes aux Palestiniens dans le but allgu de protger la scurit des colonies et/ou des colons. Le troisime chapitre jette un regard sur les jugements rendus dans les dossiers mettant en cause la lgalit du trac du mur lintrieur et sur le pourtour du territoire annex de Jrusalem-Est. Les conclusions dcoulant de cette recherche se fondent sur des donnes tires dentrevues menes auprs davocats israliens qui sadressent rgulirement la HCJ pour le compte de justiciables palestiniens.
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On 13 December 2006, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). It is the first comprehensive human rights treaty of the 21st century. The Convention is intended as a human rights instrument with an explicit, social development dimension. It adopts a broad categorization of persons with disabilities and reaffirms that all persons with all types of disabilities must enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms. Precisely, the Convention marks a 'paradigm shift' in attitudes and approaches to persons with disabilities The Convention contains two articles directly connected with judicial effective protection, one more than the other, but on the other hand, one cannot be understood without the other. Both articles are Article 12 Equal recognition before the law- and Article 13 access to justice- As a scholar in Procedural Law, my contribution to the International Scientific Congress on Private Law of the Philippines and Spain aims to enshrine the relevant importance of the both provisions that guarantee effective judicial protection for persons with disabilities in order to analyze, subsequently, the implementation of them in Spanish legislation
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Its never been easier for rights advocates to create and distribute their own media productions, using text, audio, video and the internet. Rights advocates can make media to raise awareness about an issue, to convey new information that is not in the public domain, or to mobilise people to take action. However, careful planning, in the form of a strategy document, is essential to ensure that the media you make genuinely contributes to reaching your advocacy goals. Whether you are an individual rights advocate, a group or an organisation, this chapter will take you through the steps involved in creating a strategic plan for making any kind of media as part of a campaign or project.
