NHL 3.5 mortars with scrap tire rubber

The use of wastes and industrial by-products as building materials is an important issue in order to decrease costs with waste management and the embodied energy of building products. Scrap tire rubber has been studied as aggregate for cementitious materials. Natural hydraulic limes are natural binders with particular characteristics of both air and hydraulic binders. Their specifications became stricter with the last version of EN 459-1:2010. In this study scrap tire rubber was used as additional aggregate of mortars, based on NHL3.5 and natural sand. Different particle size fractions and proportions of scrap tire rubber were used: a mix obtained almost directly from industry (only after sieving for preparation of particle sizes similar to mortar aggregate) and separated fine, medium and coarse fractions; 0%, 18%, 36% and 54% weight of binder, corresponding to 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% weight of sand. The influence of the rubbers�� additions on the mortars�� fresh state, mechanical and physical performance is presented, namely by flow table consistency, water retention, fresh bulk density, dynamic elasticity modulus, flexural and compressive strength, open porosity and bulk density, capillary absorption, drying and thermal conductivity. The use of the rubber mix coming from the waste tire industry seems advantageous and may open possibilities for use as raw material by the mortars industry.

Relat��rio de Est��gio do Mestrado em Ensino de F��sica e Qu��mica do 3.�� ciclo do Ensino B��sico e Secund��rio

O presente relat��rio tem como principal objetivo descrever as atividades desenvolvidas durante o Est��gio Pedag��gico realizado no ��mbito da unidade curricular Pr��tica Profissional do Mestrado Ensino da F��sica e da Qu��mica no 3.�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico e no Ensino Secund��rio, da Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Este relat��rio encontra-se organizado em 2 partes principais. A primeira onde se descreve o est��gio pedag��gico e a segunda onde se apresenta o projeto de investiga����o. O est��gio compreendeu a realiza����o e acompanhamento de atividades letivas e n��o letivas em concord��ncia com o hor��rio do professor Carlos Cunha, professor orientador do est��gio, e ainda a realiza����o de forma����o cont��nua, atrav��s de visitas de estudo. A componente letiva contemplou a observa����o de aulas lecionadas pelo professor orientador e o co-ensino nas disciplinas de Ci��ncias F��sico-Qu��micas do ensino b��sico (9.�� anos) e de F��sica do ensino secund��rio (12.�� ano). O trabalho de Investiga����o Educacional procurou responder �� seguinte quest��o de investiga����o: Ser�� que aplicando uma diferente metodologia pedag��gica existe mais interesse por parte dos alunos sobre a disciplina de Ci��ncias F��sico Qu��micas? A quest��o de investiga����o surgiu da circunst��ncia de ter assistido a uma confer��ncia proferida pelo Professor Kakalios na Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal dar a conhecer o que foi realizado durante um ano de est��gio pedag��gico nas ��reas a que me propus, assim como a forma de me apresentar como professora.

Primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and its control implications in the State of Amazonas, Brazil: report of 3 cases

The occurrence of tuberculosis with first-line multidrug resistance leads to the use of alternative medications, often at higher costs, longer treatment periods, and greater clinical complexity. Here, we report 3 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. One patient with human immunodeficiency virus died before the sensitivity test was performed. The early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and appropriate treatment should be priorities of the National Tuberculosis Control Program in order to break the chain of transmission. In addition, the possibility of substituting the proportion method with more modern and faster techniques should be urgently evaluated.

Do differences exist between chronic hepatitis C genotypes 2 and 3?

Introduction Six genotypes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been identified thus far, and their distribution is well defined. Genotype 1, which is the most prevalent worldwide, is always compared to genotypes 2 and 3, particularly in terms of treatment response. However, little is known about the differences between genotypes 2 and 3 because these genotypes are analyzed together in most studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and histological parameters between HCV-2 and HCV-3. Methods Patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotypes 2 and 3 were studied retrospectively and compared according to clinical, laboratory, and histological aspects. Hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was analyzed quantitatively by TaqMan® real-time PCR, and the HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the 5′-untranslated region. Results A total of 306 patients with chronic HCV-2 (n=50) and HCV-3 (n = 256) were studied. Subtype 2b (n=17/50) and subtype 3a (n=244/256) were the most prevalent among patients infected with HCV-2 and HCV-3, respectively. The mean age was 47 ± 10 years, and there was a predominance of men in the group studied (61%). Comparative analysis between HCV-2 and HCV-3 showed a younger age (p=0.002), less prevalence of arterial hypertension (p=0.03), higher serum albumin levels (p=0.01), more advanced stage of liver fibrosis (p=0.03), and higher frequency of steatosis in patients with HCV-3 (p=0.001). After multivariate regression analysis, all the variables, except serum albumin, remained as variables associated with HCV-3 in the final model. Conclusions Clinical and histological differences exist between HCV-2 and HVC-3, which suggests the need for separate analyses of these genotypes.

La importancia de la competencia sociocultural: propuesta de actividades para su desarrollo en alumnos portugueses del 3.�� ciclo de Ense��anza B��sica y Ense��anza Secundaria

Este estudio pretende valorar la competencia sociocultural, presentando un abanico de actividades para desarrollarla en clase con nuestros alumnos. Asimismo se mostrar�� c��mo un profesor puede y debe ser un mediador en la transmisi��n y adquisici��n de contenidos socioculturales. Para ello, en el primer cap��tulo se da la definici��n del t��rmino cultura, analizando la importancia de su integraci��n en las clases de lengua y presentando la evoluci��n del estudio de contenidos socioculturales en la did��ctica de idiomas. Se analizar�� igualmente la relevancia dada hoy en d��a a los contenidos socioculturales en los documentos oficiales, el Marco Com��n Europeo de Referencia, el Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes y el Programa de Espa��ol del Ministerio de Educaci��n Portugu��s. A continuaci��n, definimos el concepto de interculturalidad e incidimos en el papel del profesor en la eliminaci��n de estereotipos, prejuicios y malentendidos, en el descubrimiento de uno mismo y en la tolerancia por los dem��s, resaltando tambi��n la importancia de la intraculturalidad en las clases de lengua materna y terminando el cap��tulo con algunos aspectos socioculturales espa��oles, indispensables para la formaci��n de un alumno de espa��ol. En un segundo cap��tulo, se presenta el Instituto de Ci��ncias Educativas ��� instituci��n privada en la que se realiz�� la Pr��ctica Supervisionada de Espa��ol - , y se procede igualmente a la caracterizaci��n de los grupos. Finalmente, se presentan algunas de las actividades m��s significativas para el tema de estudio y su respectiva reflexi��n.

Autoconceito profissional e satisfacao profissional de professores de 2�� e 3�� ciclo

Disserta����o de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universit��rio

Toll-like receptor 3 gene polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection

INTRODUCTION: The present study investigated the prevalence of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS: Samples collected from HCV (n = 74) and HBV (n = 35) carriers were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect the presence of the SNPs rs5743305 and rs3775291 in TLR3 and to measure the following biomarkers: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and prothrombin time (PT). A healthy control group was investigated and consisted of 299 HCV- and HBV-seronegative individuals. RESULTS: No significant differences in allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were observed between the investigated groups, and no association was observed between the polymorphisms and histopathological results. Nevertheless, genotypes TA/AA (rs5743305) and GG (rs3775291) appear to be associated with higher levels of ALT (p<0.01), AST (p<0.05) and PT (p<0.05). In addition, genotypes TT (rs5743305; p<0.05) and GG (rs3775291; p<0.05) were associated with higher GGT levels. CONCLUSIONS: This genetic analysis revealed the absence of an association between the polymorphisms investigated and susceptibility to HBV and HCV infection; however, these polymorphisms might be associated with a greater degree of biliary damage during the course of HCV infection.

Synthesis of precursors of the rare 3-O-methylmannose polysaccharides present in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

3-O-methylmannose polysaccharides (MMPs) are cytoplasmic carbohydrates synthesized by mycobacteria, which play important intracellular roles, such as for example in metabolism regulation. An important way to confirm if the inhibition of the synthesis of these polysaccharides will critically affect the survival of mycobacteria is the study of the biosynthetic pathways from these molecules on these microorganisms. The purpose of this work is the efficient synthesis of three saccharides, which are rare cellular precursors from the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial polysaccharides, allowing its study. In order to obtain these molecules, a chemical strategy to connect two precursors was used. This process is called chemical glycosylation and its importance will be highlighted as an important alternative to enzymatic glycosylation. The first objective was the synthesis of the disaccharides Methyl (3-O-methyl-��-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1���4)-3-O-methyl-��-D-mannopyranoside and (3-O-Methyl-��-D-mannopyra- nosyl)-(1���4)-3-O-methyl-(��/��)-D-mannopyranose. The mannose precursors were prepared before the glycosylation reaction. The same mannosyl donor was used in the preparation of both molecules and its efficient synthesis was achieved using a 8 step synthetic route from D-mannose. A different mannosyl acceptor was used in the synthesis of each disaccharide and their syntheses were also efficient, the first one a 4 step synthetic route from ��-methyl-D-mannose and the second one as an intermediate from the synthesis of the mannosyl donor. The stereoselective preparation of these disaccharides was performed successfully. The second and last objective of the proposed work was the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide methyl (3-O-methyl-��-D-mannopyranosyl-(1���4)-3-O-methyl-��-D-mannopyra- nosyl-(1���4)-3-O-methyl-��-D-mannopyranosyl-(1���4)-3-O-methyl-��-D-mannopyranoside. The disaccharide acceptor and donor to be linked through a stereoselective glycosidic reaction had to be first synthesized. Several synthetic strategies were studied. Neither the precursors nor the tetrasaccharide were synthesized, but a final promising synthetic route for its preparation has been proposed.

eVentos 3 ��� Desenvolvimento de controlador difuso para navega����o aut��noma de veleiro

Controlar a navega����o de uma embarca����o, neste caso de um veleiro, pode ser f��cil quando controlada por um humano. Mas, quando falamos em embarca����o aut��noma, existem algumas dificuldades relativas �� programa����o da rota a que a embarca����o deve seguir. Nesta disserta����o foram feitas diversas an��lises referentes ��s t��cnicas de velejar, bem como a caracteriza����o de um controlador utilizando l��gica difusa, com a colabora����o de sensores e atuadores. Para este estudo foi necess��rio equipar um veleiro com diversos sensores, atuadores e controladores. Por fim, foram realizados testes e an��lises que possibilitaram o aperfei��oamento das t��cnicas de controlo. O objetivo �� transformar um veleiro telecomandado num capaz de navegar autonomamente, por forma a ser introduzido posteriormente num de maior escala.

Infection of the central nervous system with dengue virus 3 genotype I causing neurological manifestations in Brazil

Abstract: A case of dengue virus 3 (DENV-3) genotype I infection with neurological manifestations occurred in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais in October 2012. The serotype was detected by PCR, and the genotype was assessed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the C-prM region. The virus causing neurological manifestations clustered with other sequences of DENV-3 genotype I. Because neurological manifestations of DENV are possibly misdiagnosed in Brazil, this study serves as an alert of the importance of DENV diagnoses in CNS infections.

Avalia����o da exposi����o a aditivos alimentares em crian��as dos 0 aos 3 anos: estudo explorat��rio

RESUMO - O aumento dos produtos processados na alimenta����o di��ria, em especial das crian��as, tem repercuss��es no consumo aumentado de aditivos, cujas consequ��ncias s��o ainda amb��guas. Associado ao aumento do consumo deste tipo de alimentos encontra-se a preval��ncia de excesso de peso e obesidade infantil. O presente estudo explorat��rio pretendeu avaliar a exposi����o a aditivos alimentares em crian��as dos 0 aos 3 anos, com base nos Limites M��ximos de Utiliza����o e nas Doses Di��rias Admiss��veis, e estudar a sua associa����o com vari��veis como a idade, sexo, percentil de ��ndice de Massa Corporal e n��vel de escolaridade dos Pais. Pretendeu-se tamb��m identificar as categorias de alimentos consumidas que mais contribu��ram para a exposi����o aos aditivos alimentares em estudo. Com base numa amostra de dados reportados em di��rios alimentares, foram selecionados 12 aditivos. Observaram-se ingest��es estimadas superiores ��s DDA, para o di��xido de enxofre (E220), o ��cido fum��rico (E297) e o nitrito de s��dio (E250). As categorias de alimentos ���A����car, confeitaria e sobremesas a��ucaradas���, ���Leite e produtos l��cteos���, ���Cereais e derivados��� e ���Pratos compostos���, foram as que mais contribu��ram para a exposi����o dos aditivos selecionados. O presente trabalho permitiu inferir o perfil de exposi����o a aditivos alimentares em crian��as, lan��ar resultados preliminares para justificar a necessidade de estudos mais pormenorizados, e a cria����o do sistema de monitoriza����o nacional da ingest��o de aditivos. Estudos sobre consumos de aditivos alimentares podem servir de base para elabora����o de estrat��gias de sa��de p��blica, com a finalidade de reduzir o consumo destas subst��ncias e promover h��bitos alimentares mais saud��veis.

Energy expenditure after 2- to 3-hour elective surgical operations

Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry in 17 adult patients (8 women and 9 men) before surgery, 4 hours immediately after surgery , and 24 hours late after surgery in patients undergoing elective surgery of small-to-medium scope. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The total duration of surgery ranged from 2 to 3 hours. Repeated measures were performed on the same patient, so that each patient was considered to be his/her own control. All patients received a 5% dextrose solution (2000 mL/day) throughout the postoperative period. RESULTS: Men showed a reduction in CO2 production during the immediately after surgery period (257��42 mL/min) compared to before surgery (306��48 mL/min) and late after surgery (301��45 mL/min); this reduction was not observed in women. Energy expenditure was also lower in men during immediately after surgery (6.6 kJ/min). None of the other measurements, including substrate oxidation, showed significant differences. CONCLUSION: Therefore, elective surgery itself cannot be considered an important trauma that would result in increased energy expenditure. According to this study, it is not necessary to prescribe an energy supply exceeding basal expenditure during the immediate after-surgery period. The present results suggest that the energy supply prescribed during the postoperative period after elective surgery of small-to-medium scope should not exceed 5-7 kJ/min, so the patient does not receive a carbohydrate overload from energy supplementation.

The vacuum assisted closure of complex wounds: report of 3 cases

Treatment of wounds using conventional methods is frequently limited by inadequate local wound conditions, or by a poor systemic clinical situation. Vacuum system may promote faster granulation tissue formation, remove excessive exudate, increase blood flow in the wound, and attract the borders of the wound to the center, reducing its dimension. We present 3 cases of patients with difficult wounds, due to bad local conditions, or poor clinical situation, in whom we used a vacuum system to prepare the wound for the surgical closure. One patient had a pressure ulcer, another had a diabetic foot ulcer, and the third one had an open foot stump. In the 3 cases a significant improvement of the wound conditions was achieved after 7 to 8 days, allowing successful surgical treatment with flap or skin grafts.

Estudos Silviculturais de uma Popula����o Natural de COPAIFERA MULTIJUGA Hayne - Leguminosae, na Amaz��nia Central. 3. Distribui����o Espacial da Regenera����o Natural Pr��-Existente

Mostra-se a distribui����o espacial de. pl��ntulas de Copaifera multijuga, Hayne de 12��rvores matrizes. 0 potencial de regenera����o em ��rea n��o perturbada �� vari��vel em decorr��ncia da maior ou menor produ����o de sementes pelas matrizes, da competi����o entre pl��ntulas da esp��cie e destas com pl��ntulas deoutras esp��cies, al��m da prov��vel preda����opor animais e da luta para sobreviver a baixos n��veis de radia����o solar. a distribui����o das freq����ncias das pl��ntulus sugere uma forma de J invertido. Nos dois invent��rios feitos, a altura das pl��ntulas variou de 10cm at�� um m��ximo de 50cm, sendo a altura m��dia para as 12 matrizes de. 20,66cm e 15,54cm no1�� e 2�� invent��rios, respectivavente. a diferen��a na vari��ncia das alturas das pl��ntulas �� significativa, na faixa de5%. As freq����ncias relativas esperadas, segundo a equa����o de Poisson, mostrou que a distribui����o da regenera����o de todas as matrizes �� do tipo agregado. 0 n��mero de pl��ntulas /��rvore matriz pode ser silviculturalmente ��til para fins de plantios, desde quesejam feitos estudos de adaptabilidade das pl��ntulas ��s condi����es deviveiro.