Escolarização de adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação: estudo bibliográfico

Este estudo teve como temática a escolarização no sistema socioeducativo brasileiro. Buscou-se a partir de bibliografia especializada efetuar a análise da escolarização de adolescentes em conflito com a lei em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação, ou seja, privados de liberdade. A dissertação foi construída prioritariamente a partir de documentos acadêmicos disponibilizadas no portal da CAPES e em sites de universidades brasileiras. Buscou-se realizar um balanço da produção científica sobre o tema no país, tendo como recorte os textos produzidos na área de concentração educação. O período temporal foi delimitado entre janeiro de 2010 e maio de 2015. A produção analisada é composta por 20 dissertações de mestrado e três teses de doutorado, totalizando 23 documentos acadêmicos. Após a seleção, os documentos foram sistematizados através do instrumento metodológico de pesquisa, Mapa Conceitual, e posteriormente, pelo software ATLAS.ti, o que colaborou para análise e comparação dos documentos estudados, permitindo identificar os temas discutidos, os autores utilizados e as temáticas e subtemáticas pouco estudadas ou não mencionadas no que tange a escolarização de adolescentes internados. O objetivo central do estudo foi analisar de que modo os documentos acadêmicos acessados apresentavam a escolarização dos adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação. Percebeu-se que a escola acaba sendo, equivocadamente, responsabilizada pelo caráter pedagógico e educativo proposto pela socioeducação. Verificou-se que a escolarização para adolescentes institucionalizados em unidades socioeducativas de privação de liberdade apresenta todas as mazelas da escolarização extra-muros, e incorpora, na maioria das vezes, aspectos punitivos, repressivos e disciplinares das unidades de internação. A escolarização não tem sido realizada de forma a garantir esse direito aos adolescentes. O estudo sinalizou os encaminhamentos nacionais para a promulgação das Diretrizes Nacionais para a escolarização em unidades socioeducativas, que tendem a amenizar a situação. Ao escamotear a má qualidade da escola e negar o direito a uma educação escolar qualitativa, entende-se que os adolescentes vivenciam o não direito à escolarização, restando a estes apenas a inclusão precária no sistema de ensino, e posteriormente, o processo de culpabilização da vítima, pautado em um discurso meritocrático, que reafirma o adolescente como desinteressado pela escola, incapaz de seguir seu processo de escolarização e mal comportado, pois interessado apenas em novos atos infracionais.

An atlas of reproductive development in rockfishes, genus Sebastes

The genus Sebastes consists of over 100 fish species, all of which are viviparous and long-lived. Previous studies have presented schemes on the reproductive biology of a single targeted species of the genus Sebastes, but all appear to possess a similar reproductive biology as evidenced by this and other studies. This atlas stages major events during spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and embryogenesis, including atresia, in six species of Sebastes (S. alutus, S. elongatus, S. helvomaculatus, S. polyspinis, S. proriger, and S. zacentrus). Our study suggests that the male reproductive cycle of Sebastes is characterized by 11 phases of testicular development, with 10 stages of sperm development and 1 stage of spermatozoa atresia. Ovarian development was divided into 12 phases, with 10 stages of oocyte development, 1 stage of embryonic development, and 1 stage of oocyte atresia. Embryonic development up to parturition was divided into 33 stages following the research of Yamada and Kusakari (1991). Reproductive development of all six species examined followed the developmental classifications listed above which may apply to all species of Sebastes regardless of the number of broods produced annually. Multiple brooders vary in that not all ova are fertilized and progress to embryos; a proportion of ova are arrested at the pre-vitellogenic stage. Reproductive stage examples shown in this atlas use S. elongates for spermatic development, S. proriger for oocyte development, and S. alutus for embryological development, because opportunistic sampling only permitted complete analysis of each respective developmental phase for those species. The results of this study and the proposed reproductive phases complement the recommended scheme submitted by Brown-Peterson et al. (2011), who call for a standardization of terminology for describing reproductive development of fishes.

Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands coral reef ecosystems mapping report

Digital maps of the coral reef ecosystem (<~30m deep) of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, were created through visual interpretation of remote sensing imagery. Digital Globe’s Quickbird II satellite images were acquired between 2004 and 2006 and georeferenced to within 1.6 m of their true positions. Reef ecosystem features were digitized directly into a GIS at a display scale of 1:4000 using a minimum feature size of 1000 square meters. Benthic features were categorized according to a classification scheme with attributes including zone (location, such as lagoon or forereef, etc.), structure (bottom type, such as sand or patch reef, etc.) and percent hard bottom. Ground validation of habitat features was conducted at 311 sites in 2009. Resulting maps consisted of 1829 features covering 366 square kilometers. Results demonstrate that reef zones occurred in a typical progression of narrow bands from offshore, though forereef, reef flat, shoreline, land, backreef, and lagoon habitats. Lagoon was the largest zone mapped and covered nearly 80% of the atoll, although much of it was too deep to have structures identified from the satellite imagery. Dominant habitat structures by area were pavement and aggregate reef, which covered 29% and 18% of the mapped structures, respectively. Based on the number of features, individual and aggregated patch reefs comprised over 40% of the features mapped. Products include GIS based maps, field videos and pictures, satellite imagery, PDF atlas, and this summary report. Maps and associated data can be used to support science and management activities on Majuro reef ecosystems including inventory, monitoring, conservation, and sustainable development applications.

Statistical analyses to support guidelines for marine avian sampling: Final report. [Digital Supplements A-G attached]

Interest in development of offshore renewable energy facilities has led to a need for high-quality, statistically robust information on marine wildlife distributions. A practical approach is described to estimate the amount of sampling effort required to have sufficient statistical power to identify species specific “hotspots” and “coldspots” of marine bird abundance and occurrence in an offshore environment divided into discrete spatial units (e.g., lease blocks), where “hotspots” and “coldspots” are defined relative to a reference (e.g., regional) mean abundance and/or occurrence probability for each species of interest. For example, a location with average abundance or occurrence that is three times larger the mean (3x effect size) could be defined as a “hotspot,” and a location that is three times smaller than the mean (1/3x effect size) as a “coldspot.” The choice of the effect size used to define hot and coldspots will generally depend on a combination of ecological and regulatory considerations. A method is also developed for testing the statistical significance of possible hotspots and coldspots. Both methods are illustrated with historical seabird survey data from the USGS Avian Compendium Database.

USE OF TSIM IN DIGITAL SIMULATION.

In this paper we shall discuss the use of the TSIM simulation software for modelling large-scale industrial processes. The discussion draws on our recent experience of modelling a large plant in the food-processing industry. We shall focus on those features of software organization and software engineering which proved to be particularly necessary for the execution of this project, and illustrate the extent to which the use of TISM facilitated the implementation of these features. We shall also make some general remarks about the 'life-cycle' of models resulting from projects of this kind.

Wave digital filter model of the entire auditory periphery

A model of the auditory periphery assembled from analog network submodels of all the relevant anatomical structures is described. There is bidirectional coupling between networks representing the outer ear, middle ear and cochlea. A simple voltage source representation of the outer hair cells provides level-dependent basilar membrane curves. The networks are translated into efficient computational modules by means of wave digital filtering. A feedback unit regulates the average firing rate at the output of an inner hair cell module via a simplified modelling of the dynamics of the descending paths to the peripheral ear. This leads to a digital model of the entire auditory periphery with applications to both speech and hearing research.

A closely integrated digital image capture device for embedded applications

A modular image capture system with close integration to CCD cameras has been developed. The aim is to produce a system capable of integrating CCD sensor, image capture and image processing into a single compact unit. This close integration provides a direct mapping between CCD pixels and digital image pixels. The system has been interfaced to a digital signal processor board for the development and control of image processing tasks. These have included characterization and enhancement of noisy images from an intensified camera and measurement to subpixel resolutions. A highly compact form of the image capture system is in an advanced stage of development. This consists of a single FPGA device and a single VRAM providing a two chip image capturing system capable of being integrated into a CCD camera. A miniature compact PC has been developed using a novel modular interconnection technique, providing a processing unit in a three dimensional format highly suited to integration into a CCD camera unit. Work is under way to interface the compact capture system to the PC using this interconnection technique, combining CCD sensor, image capture and image processing into a single compact unit. ©2005 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.