Portable smartphone quantitation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a fluoropolymer microfluidic device

We present a new, power-free and flexible detection system named MCFphone for portable colorimetric and fluorescence quantitative sandwich immunoassay detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). The MCFphone is composed by a smartphone integrated with a magnifying lens, a simple light source and a miniaturised immunoassay platform, the Microcapillary Film (MCF). The excellent transparency and flat geometry of fluoropolymer MCF allowed quantitation of PSA in the range 0.9 to 60 ng/ml with < 7 % precision in 13 minutes using enzymatic amplification and a chromogenic substrate. The lower limit of detection was further improved from 0.4 to 0.08 ng/ml in whole blood samples with the use of a fluorescence substrate. The MCFphone has shown capable of performing rapid (13 to 22 minutes total assay time) colorimetric quantitative and highly sensitive fluorescence tests with good %Recovery, which represents a major step in the integration of a new generation of inexpensive and portable microfluidic devices with commercial immunoassay reagents and off-the-shelf smartphone technology.

Evaluation of water properties in HEA–HEMA hydrogels swollen in aqueous-PEG solutions using thermoanalytical techniques

Hydrogels are polymeric materials used in many pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their ability to form 3D hydrophilic polymeric networks, which can absorb large amounts of water. In the present work, polyethylene glycols (PEG) were introduced into the hydrogel liquid phase in order to improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels composed of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEA–HEMA) synthesized with different co-monomer compositions and equilibrated in water or in 20 % water–PEG 400 and 600 solutions. The thermoanalytical techniques [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG)] were used to evaluate the amount and properties of free and bound water in HEA–HEMA hydrogels. The internal structure and the mechanical properties of hydrogels were studied using scanning electron microscopy and friability assay. TG “loss-on-drying” experiments were applied to study the water-retention properties of hydrogels, whereas the combination of TG and DSC allowed estimating the total amount of freezable and non-freezing water in hydrogels. The results show that the addition of viscous co-solvent (PEG) to the liquid medium results in significant improvement of the mechanical properties of HEA–HEMA hydrogels and also slightly retards the water loss from the hydrogels. A redistribution of free and bound water in the hydrogels equilibrated in mixed solutions containing 20 vol% of PEGs takes place.

Effect of air-drying pre-treatment on the characterization of forest soil carbon pools

Archived soils could represent a valuable resource for the spatio-temporal inventory of soil carbon stability. However, archived soils are usually air-dried before storage and the impact of a drying pretreatment on physically and chemically-defined C fractions has not yet been fully assessed. Through the comparison of field-moist and corresponding air-dried (at 25oC for 2 weeks) forest soil samples, we examined the effect of air-drying on: a) the quantity and the quality of cold- (CWEC) and hot-water (HWEC) extractable C and b) the concentration of C in physically isolated fractions (free- and intra-aggregate light and organo-mineral). Soil samples were collected from the organic (O) and mineral (A and B) horizons of three different forest soils from southeastern England: (i) Cambisol under Pine (Pinus nigra); (ii) Cambisol under Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and (iii) Gleysol under oak (Quercus robur). CWEC concentrations for dry samples were up to 2 times greater than for corresponding field moist samples and had significantly (p < 0.001) higher phenolic content. However, the effect of drying pretreatment on HWEC, its phenolic content was not significant (p > 0.05) for most samples. Dried soils had significantly (p < 0.001) higher concentrations of free light-C while having lower concentrations of intra-aggregate-C when compared to moist samples (p < 0.001). However, fine silt and clay fractions were not significantly affected by the drying pretreatment (p=0.789). Therefore, based on the results obtained from gleysol and cambisol forest soils studied here, C contents in hot-water extractions and fine particle size physical fractions (< 25µm) seem to be robust measurements for evaluating C fractions in dried stored forest soils. Further soil types should be tested to evaluate the wider generality of these findings.

The impact of a thermodynamic sea-ice module in the COSMO numerical weather prediction model on simulations for the Laptev Sea, Siberian Arctic

Previous versions of the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling (COSMO) numerical weather prediction model have used a constant sea-ice surface temperature, but observations show a high degree of variability on sub-daily timescales. To account for this, we have implemented a thermodynamic sea-ice module in COSMO and performed simulations at a resolution of 15 km and 5 km for the Laptev Sea area in April 2008. Temporal and spatial variability of surface and 2-m air temperature are verified by four automatic weather stations deployed along the edge of the western New Siberian polynya during the Transdrift XIII-2 expedition and by surface temperature charts derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data. A remarkable agreement between the new model results and these observations demonstrates that the implemented sea-ice module can be applied for short-range simulations. Prescribing the polynya areas daily, our COSMO simulations provide a high-resolution and high-quality atmospheric data set for the Laptev Sea for the period 14-30 April 2008. Based on this data set, we derive a mean total sea-ice production rate of 0.53 km3/day for all Laptev Sea polynyas under the assumption that the polynyas are ice-free and a rate of 0.30 km3/day if a 10-cm-thin ice layer is assumed. Our results indicate that ice production in Laptev Sea polynyas has been overestimated in previous studies.

Hydrocoryne iemanja (Cnidaria), a new species of Hydrozoa with unusual mode of asexual reproduction

Hydrocoryne iemanja sp. nov. was found in an aquarium, growing on rhodoliths of coralline algae collected on the southeastern coast of Brazil (20 degrees 40`S 40 degrees 2`W). The colonies were reared through maturity in the laboratory. Each colony had up to 7 sessile, long and thin monomorphic zooids, very extensible and flexible, arising from a chitinous, hard dark-brown plate with minute spines. Medusae budded from near the basal part of hydrocaulus, and were released in immature condition, acquiring fully developed interradial gonads 5-7 days after release. Asexual reproduction by longitudinal fission was observed on the hydrocaulus of the polyps, both for those in normal condition and those with injuries. Fission started at the oral region, extending aborally, with a new hard plate formed in the basal part of hydrocaulus. When fission reached the new hard plate, the new polyp detached, becoming free and sinking to the bottom, starting a new colony. Detached polyps were morphologically indistinguishable from other polyps, being able to produce medusae. Mother and daughter polyps undertook subsequent fissions. This mode of longitudinal fission is distinct from other modes of longitudinal fission, a process known for a few species Of cnidarians. Further studies of this process may shed light on the understanding of the evolutionary pathways in Cnidaria and animals. Hydrocoryne iemanja sp. nov. is distinguishable from its two congeners by the distinct marginal tentacles of the medusae-short and with a median nematocyst knob-an unambiguous character useful even for the identification Of newly liberated medusae.

Iterative strong coupling of dimensionally heterogeneous models

In this article we address decomposition strategies especially tailored to perform strong coupling of dimensionally heterogeneous models, under the hypothesis that one wants to solve each submodel separately and implement the interaction between subdomains by boundary conditions alone. The novel methodology takes full advantage of the small number of interface unknowns in this kind of problems. Existing algorithms can be viewed as variants of the `natural` staggered algorithm in which each domain transfers function values to the other, and receives fluxes (or forces), and vice versa. This natural algorithm is known as Dirichlet-to-Neumann in the Domain Decomposition literature. Essentially, we propose a framework in which this algorithm is equivalent to applying Gauss-Seidel iterations to a suitably defined (linear or nonlinear) system of equations. It is then immediate to switch to other iterative solvers such as GMRES or other Krylov-based method. which we assess through numerical experiments showing the significant gain that can be achieved. indeed. the benefit is that an extremely flexible, automatic coupling strategy can be developed, which in addition leads to iterative procedures that are parameter-free and rapidly converging. Further, in linear problems they have the finite termination property. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sodium Tungstate on Some Biochemical Parameters of the Parotid Salivary Gland of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: A Short-Term Study

Several studies have shown the antidiabetic properties of sodium tungstate. In this study, we evaluated some biochemical parameters of the parotid salivary gland of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate solution (2 mg/ml). The studied groups were: untreated control (UC), treated control (TC), untreated diabetic (UD), and treated diabetic (TD). After 2 and 6 weeks of treatment, parotid gland was removed and total protein and sialic acid (free and total) concentration and amylase and peroxidase activities were determined. Data were compared by variance analysis and Tukey test (p < 0.05). The sodium tungstate treatment modestly decreased the glycemia of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. At week 2 of the study, parotid gland of diabetic rats presented a reduction of total protein concentration (55%) and an increase of amylase (120%) and peroxidase (160%) activities, free (150%) and total (170%) sialic acid concentration. No alteration in the evaluated parameters at week 6 of the study was observed. Sodium tungstate presented no significant effect in parotid gland. Our results suggest that diabetes causes initial modification in biochemical composition of parotid. However, this gland showed a recovery capacity after 6 week of the experimental time. Sodium tungstate has no effect in peripheral tissues, such as salivary glands.

- Ni får gärna hoppa på golvet om ni vill hoppa : En studie om pedagogers bemötande av barns egna initativ i förskola och förskoleklass

The purpose of this survey was to discern possible similarities and difference between how teachers in preschool and pre-class respond to children’s own initiative out of a power perspective. The results of this study is collect by observations that we have done in free and planned activity in both preschool and pre-class as well as a few interviews with some of the teachers. The results have shown that teacher’s responses to children’s own initiatives in preschool and pre-class to most part is similar, despite the difference in their commission. The biggest differences are that teachers in preschool prioritize children’s care before allowing the children to pursue their own initiatives, which haven’t emerged from the observations in the pre-class. Another difference is that the teachers in pre-class are more flexible during the planned activities and utilize the children’s own initiatives.

Distance teacher education – some experiences from Dalarna University, SwedenPaper presented at the 33rd Annual ATEE Conference Brussels, Belgium, 23rd – 27th August 2008

Distance teaching is now-a-days used in different shapes. However, it is something different from traditional campus organised education as it systematically uses Information Communication Technology (ICT) as a key element. When the distance teacher education started in Sweden many teacher educators doubted the wisdom of this. They expressed that the educational process to become a teacher would be deteriorated. For instance, they feared for high drop out rates and difficulties to examine in a proper way. The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education has recently edited a report that showed that this form of teacher education was well adapted to the labour market, but the possibilities for the teacher students to shape their education were relatively limited. However, we still know quite little about the effects of this way to educate teacher students. This paper explores the possibility of using distance teacher education.In a case study 20 students, who were the first to finish a complete a distance teacher education at Högskolan Dalarna, were asked in a questionnaire how they had apprehended their education. We also interviewed four of these students, as well as five teacher educators.One of our findings were that the distance teacher education reached new target groups, who not had been able to participate in university studies if it not had been offered in this form. Especially, this was valid for the middle-aged women, living a long distance away from a university, with social responsibilities for children or old parents. Other findings were that these students in general were target oriented and ambitious, wrote more than the campus students and developed that kind of skill better. Marratech, an ICT system for small groups, e-mail and chat were used for the communication. Marratech was considered to permit free and spontaneous communication, both of the teacher educators and the students. Initially the teacher educators were sceptical to distance teacher education, but afterwards they were surprised of how well it had worked. They declared that they had better and nearer contact with their students and more control over the students´ performance, but some parts of the teacher education were better suitable for campus education, for example, power of creating characters. Distance teacher education was considered time consuming and demanded much activity from the teacher educators as the students wanted rapid responses. This study indicates that distance teacher education works well for mature individuals with high motivation. However, it demands more time from the teacher educators, but it gives in general good results. Still, there are pedagogical challenges to overcome. Maybe we should reflect on a mix of distance teacher education and campus based teacher education, instead of separated ways of accomplishing teacher education?

Wind Power Suitability Analysis for the Gulf of Maine

This map shows one option for a viable energy source that is clean, free and endless: wind power. This map shows that the coast of Maine has the potential space and wind speed to be a location for wind farms. Four NOAA buoys placed in different locations along the Maine coast are the source of the wind speed data for this project. The average wind speed of every ten minutes of every day for the year 2004 were averaged so that each buoy was represented by one number of wind speed measured in meters/ second. The values in between these four buoys were estimated, or interpolated, using ArcGIS. Other factors that I took into consideration during this lab were distance from airports (no wind farm can be with in a three mile radius of an airport ) and distance from counties (no one wants an offshore wind farm that obstructs their view). I calculated the most appropriate locations for a wind farm in ArcGIS, by adding these three layers. The final output shows an area along Mt. Desert to be the most appropriate for development.

Volunteered Geographic Information For Water Management: A Prototype Architecture

Driven by Web 2.0 technology and the almost ubiquitous presence of mobile devices, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) is knowing an unprecedented growth. These notable technological advancements have opened fruitful perspectives also in the field of water management and protection, raising the demand for a reconsideration of policies which also takes into account the emerging trend of VGI. This research investigates the opportunity of leveraging such technology to involve citizens equipped with common mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones) in a campaign of report of water-related phenomena. The work is carried out in collaboration with ADBPO - Autorità di bacino del fiume Po (Po river basin Authority), i.e. the entity responsible for the environmental planning and protection of the basin of river Po. This is the longest Italian river, spreading over eight among the twenty Italian Regions and characterized by complex environmental issues. To enrich ADBPO official database with user-generated contents, a FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) architecture was designed which allows not only user field-data collection, but also data Web publication through standard protocols. Open Data Kit suite allows users to collect georeferenced multimedia information using mobile devices equipped with location sensors (e.g. the GPS). Users can report a number of environmental emergencies, problems or simple points of interest related to the Po river basin, taking pictures of them and providing other contextual information. Field-registered data is sent to a server and stored into a PostgreSQL database with PostGIS spatial extension. GeoServer provides then data dissemination on the Web, while specific OpenLayers-based viewers were built to optimize data access on both desktop computers and mobile devices. Besides proving the suitability of FOSS in the frame of VGI, the system represents a successful prototype for the exploitation of user local, real-time information aimed at managing and protecting water resources.

Hierarquia, igualdade e diferença : lutas por reconhecimento no sul do Brasil

Este estudo busca investigar as lógicas da ação em cooperativas de produção e associações de catadores de lixo no bojo de processos de reestruturação econômica que não somente precarizam as condições de emprego, mas também implicam em processos de desassalariamento da força de trabalho. Tomando como perspectiva analítica a sociologia da experiência de François Dubet, decompomos as lógicas da ação de trabalhadores com inserção social distinta, ou seja, um primeiro grupo caracterizado por uma cultura operária e sindical e um segundo grupo caracterizado por um processo de dissociação em relação ao mundo do trabalho formal. Neste sentido, procurou-se investigar: a) as formas de inserção e integração sociais configuradas pelas relações de solidariedade, b) a dimensão da racionalidade estratégica de cada grupo traduzida nas lutas por reconhecimento, e, c) os processos de subjetivação expressos na afirmação identitária de cada coletivo de trabalhadores. Ou seja, quais as condições de possibilidade da ruptura com as hierarquias que organizam e estruturam o universo de coletivos de trabalhadores com origens sociais tão diversas quando confrontados com o princípio meta-social da igualdade? Noutras palavras, quando compelidos com a necessidade de organizar uma cooperativa ou associação, enquanto alternativa palpável de subsistência, os trabalhadores se deparam com um contexto bem diverso da situação de assalariamento. Com efeito, a experiência associativa irá implicar que a adesão à cooperativa ou associação deve ser livre e voluntária e que a gestão e os processos de deliberação devem ser democráticos. A partir da pesquisa de campo verificou-se um processo de subjetivação marcado por estratégias distintas nas cooperativas e associações: enquanto nas cooperativas a adesão dos trabalhadores era caracterizada por uma certa ambivalência entre o compromisso com o projeto de construção da cooperativa e uma postura pautada por um certo pragmatismo tipificado por um campo de possíveis restrito no tocante as alternativas de inserção social, nas associações de catadores de lixo verificou-se um processo de ruptura com os padrões de sociabilidade primária acentuadamente hierarquizados a partir da participação das mulheres nas associações, bem como um efetivo compromisso com o projeto associativo. Na esfera da ação coletiva, a constituição de cooperativas a partir de empresas em situação falimentar revelou uma nova estratégia sindical marcada por uma ação defensiva ante os processos de reestruturação econômica que eliminam postos de trabalho. Já, na ação coletiva das associações constatou-se um movimento de luta pelo reconhecimento de direitos e recuperação da cidadania. Tal movimento é caracterizado por uma lógica do respeito possuindo uma dupla inflexão, ou seja, por um lado busca romper no âmbito da esfera privada com a dominação masculina expressa num código de honra, cuja conseqüência mais dramática se traduz na violência doméstica, e por outro lado se constata um movimento em direção à esfera pública a partir da articulação de uma associação com um movimento social traduzindo desta maneira a reivindicação pelo reconhecimento da dignidade de indivíduos sujeitos a todo tipo de reconhecimento recusado.

Reflexões sobre a "criação histórica" e a democracia a partir de Claude Lefort e de Cornelius Castoriadis

Esta dissertação consiste num estudo acerca das questões da história e da democracia a partir do pensamento de Claude Lefort e de Cornelius Castoriadis. Vinculado ao exame da questão da história, o estudo da questão da democracia, nos faz “pensar o político” numa perspectiva distinta daquela referente aos campos da ciência e da sociologias políticas. Campos nos quais o político é tratado como algo que pode ser apreendido a partir de um saber prévio e exaustivo sobre os processos políticos e sociais. Refletir sobre a questão da história e da democracia significa, nesse sentido, conceber a distinção entre o político e a política enquanto algo que nos remete à uma “maneira singular” de relacionamento entre os homens e o “poder explícito” na sociedade. Maneira essa que pressupõe, por sua vez, a existência de uma sociedade na qual a política é reconhecida como uma atividade que pode educar cidadãos enquanto indivíduos efetivamente “livres e responsáveis”.

Contribuições ao uso de novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação no ensino de engenharia

Neste trabalho, descreve-se o processo de produção de tecnologias educacionais e de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), relacionando-as ao uso do ensino em Engenharia Geotécnica. Desenvolveu-se um sistema de informação baseado num modelo que integra recursos educacionais produzidos em diferentes formatos eletrônicos e um software baseado na Web para gestão destes recursos e das informações da disciplina Fundações. O software, denominado ENGEO, auxilia a estruturação do conhecimento envolvido no domínio de aplicação, fornecendo ao professor, ou equipe de gestão, ferramentas remotas de administração dos conteúdos e dos recursos educacionais. Aos alunos, a aplicação ENGEO fornece disponibilidade de informações e de conteúdo em um ambiente flexível. Este aplicativo foi desenvolvido para o curso de Engenharia Geotécnica, particularizado para Engenharia de Fundações, com o objetivo de introduzir e incentivar a utilização de sistemas baseados na Web para compartilhamento de conteúdo das disciplinas, implementar Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação em aplicações para fins educacionais e fomentar discussões a respeito da identidade e perfil do Engenheiro e o papel da TICs no processo de formação do profissional de Engenharia.