Solasodina em espécies de solanum do cerrado do distrito federal

An isolation method of the steroidal alkaloid solasodine was applied to the fruits of seven species of the Solanum genus from the Federal District. Two of these species show promising yields. The purity of the isolated alkaloid allows it to be transformed it into an intermediate for steroidal drugs production, 16-deshydropregnenolone, and to the lactone vespertiline.

Nimfes d’Efemeròpters del Llobregat i del Besòs. Guia d’identificació dels gèneres i de les espècies més comunes. (Versió 2)

Aquesta és la primera guia d'identificació de la col∙lecció i es dedica als Efemeròpters (INSECTA: EPHEMEROPTERA). Els gèneres i grups d’espècies inclosos a la guia són aquells que de forma més freqüent hem trobat ens els estudis que realitzem en el marc del programa “Estudis de la Qualitat Ecològica dels Rius de la Província de Barcelona”. Aquest programa fou una iniciativa promoguda per la Diputació de Barcelona mitjançant la seva Oficina Tècnica d'Acció Territorial de l'Àrea de Territori i Sostenibilitat. La major part de les fotografies corresponen exemplars recol∙lectats el 2012 a les parts altes del riu Llobregat i els seus afluents pels membres del nostre grup de recerca, tot i que en alguns casos s’han examinat.

Nimfes de Plecòpters dels rius Llobregat i Besòs. Guia d’identificació dels gèneres i de les espècies més comunes.

Aquesta és la segona guia d'identificació de la col•lecció i es dedica als Plecòpters (INSECTA: PLECOPTERA). Els gèneres i grups d’espècies inclosos a la guia són aquells que de forma més freqüent hem trobat ens els estudis que realitzem en el marc del programa “Estudis de la Qualitat Ecològica dels Rius de la Província de Barcelona”. Aquest programa fou una iniciativa promoguda per la Diputació de Barcelona mitjançant la seva Oficina Tècnica d'Acció Territorial de l'Àrea de Territori i Sostenibilitat. La major part de les fotografies corresponen exemplars recol•lectats el 2013 a les parts altes del riu Llobregat i els seus afluents pels membres del nostre grup de recerca, tot i que en alguns casos s’han examinat les mostres històriques.

Nimfes d’Efemeròpters del Llobregat i del Besòs. Guia d’identificació dels gèneres i de les espècies més comunes. (Versió 2)

Aquesta és la primera guia d'identificació de la col∙lecció i es dedica als Efemeròpters (INSECTA: EPHEMEROPTERA). Els gèneres i grups d’espècies inclosos a la guia són aquells que de forma més freqüent hem trobat ens els estudis que realitzem en el marc del programa “Estudis de la Qualitat Ecològica dels Rius de la Província de Barcelona”. Aquest programa fou una iniciativa promoguda per la Diputació de Barcelona mitjançant la seva Oficina Tècnica d'Acció Territorial de l'Àrea de Territori i Sostenibilitat. La major part de les fotografies corresponen exemplars recol∙lectats el 2012 a les parts altes del riu Llobregat i els seus afluents pels membres del nostre grup de recerca, tot i que en alguns casos s’han examinat.

Nimfes de Plecòpters dels rius Llobregat i Besòs. Guia d’identificació dels gèneres i de les espècies més comunes.

Aquesta és la segona guia d'identificació de la col•lecció i es dedica als Plecòpters (INSECTA: PLECOPTERA). Els gèneres i grups d’espècies inclosos a la guia són aquells que de forma més freqüent hem trobat ens els estudis que realitzem en el marc del programa “Estudis de la Qualitat Ecològica dels Rius de la Província de Barcelona”. Aquest programa fou una iniciativa promoguda per la Diputació de Barcelona mitjançant la seva Oficina Tècnica d'Acció Territorial de l'Àrea de Territori i Sostenibilitat. La major part de les fotografies corresponen exemplars recol•lectats el 2013 a les parts altes del riu Llobregat i els seus afluents pels membres del nostre grup de recerca, tot i que en alguns casos s’han examinat les mostres històriques.

Caracterização ácido-base da superfície de espécies mistas da alga Spirulina através de titulação potenciométrica e modelo de distribuição de sítios discretos

Acid base properties of mixed species of the microalgae Spirulina were studied by potentiometric titration in medium of 0.01 and 0.10 mols L-1 NaNO3 at 25.0±0.10 C using modified Gran functions or nonlinear regression techniques for data fitting. The discrete site distribution model was used, permitting the characterization of five classes of ionizable sites in both ionic media. This fact suggests that the chemical heterogeneity of the ionizable sites on the cell surface plays a major role on the acid-base properties of the suspension in comparison to electrostatic effects due to charge-charge interactions. The total of ionizable sites were 1.75±0.10 and 1.86±0.20 mmolsg-1 in ionic media of 0.01 and 0.10 mols L-1 NaNO3, respectively. A major contribution of carboxylic groups was observed with an average 34 and 22% of ionizable sites being titrated with conditional pcKa of 4.0 and 5.4, respectively. The remaining 44% of ionizable sites were divided in three classes with averaged conditional pcKa of 6.9, 8.7 and 10.12, which may be assigned respectively to imidazolic, aminic, and phenolic functionalities.

Novas tendências para o tratamento de resíduos industriais contendo espécies organocloradas

The toxic character of organochloride compounds, their habitual presence in many industrial effluents, and mainly the low efficiency of the current remediation processes, are important aspects that have been promoted to study new degrading technologies. Among the great number of new physical and chemical alternatives, the photochemical and electrochemical processes have been played an important role, mainly due to their high degradation capacity through relatively low-cost procedures. In these contexts biological processes, the use of white-rot fungi, or even ligninolytic enzymes produced from them, are also very promising alternatives. However, the necessity of long reaction time and the high cost of the enzyme production process are some of the drawbacks that difficult the definitive consolidation of these processes.

Identificação de pigmentos naturais de espécies vegetais utilizando-se cromatografia em papel

The use of natural dyes to demonstrate principles of paper chromatography is proposed. Extraction of the coloring compounds were performed in order to obtain the aglycone form of the anthocyanins present in the crude extracts. Separations were carried out on chromatographic paper with BAW (butanol/acetic acid/water) as mobile phase and the results compared with literature data. The crude extracts were obtained from Tibouchina granulosa, Rododhendron simsii, Impatiens walleriana flowers which are wildely found in Brazil and Phaseolus vulgaris L. grains skin which is the principal ingredient of the world famous "feijoada". Such species were chosen in order to attract the students attention since they are present in their quotidian, in agreement with the new proposals for Brazilian education.

Perfil cromatográfico de duas espécies de Plumbaginaceae: Plumbago scandens L. E Plumbago auriculata Lam

The genus Plumbago belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae, order Plumbaginales. Comparative chemical profile of P. scandens (native) and P. auriculata (cultivated) was obtained by normal and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector. Comparison of the ultraviolet espectra and the retention times for the compounds allowed to find similar metabolic patterns in roots, stems and leaves. Four flavonoids, one phenolic acid or derivative and the naphtoquinone plumbagin were comparatively identified to standards.

Distribuição de metais e caracterização das constantes de troca entre espécies metálicas e frações húmicas aquáticas de diferentes tamanhos moleculares

In this work the metal distribution and exchange constants between metal species and aquatic humic fractions with different molecular sizes were studied. The aquatic humic substances (AHS) were extracted by XAD-8 resin from water sample collected from Itapitanguí river, São Paulo State, Brazil. The AHS were fractionated in six fractions with different molecular sizes (>100 - <5 kDa) and characterized by several techniques. Molar ratios H/C suggested higher aromaticity for fractions F1 and F6 whereas molar ratios C/N didn´t show any differences regarding the humification degree between the fractions. The UV-Vis absorbance a254/a436 ratio showed higher results for F4 and F5, probably by less condensed features. FTIR studies showed high similarity in the functional groups in the fractions. The highest percentage of traces of Co, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Ni (determined by ICP-AES) was preferably complexed by fractions F3 and F4 with a greater amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In addition, the exchange constants, determined by ultrafiltration method, showed complexes AHS-Fe and AHS-Al with higher stability than complexes AHS-Co in all fractions.

Ocorrência de flavonas, flavonóis e seus glicosídeos em espécies do gênero Solanum (Solanaceae)

During the last decades several flavonoids of Solanum species have been isolated. This review describes the flavones, flavonols and their glycosides presently known as constituents of Solanum species.

Espectrometria de massas com ionização por "electrospray" aplicada ao estudo de espécies inorgânicas e organometálicas

Although electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES-MS) has been extensively applied to study organic and biochemical species, it is also specially suitable to study inorganic and organo-metallic species. Such species, even those that are low-volatile or thermo-unstable, can be easily ionized or simply transferred from liquid to gas phase by electrospray. However, chemical transformations frequently occur during the process. This paper discusses the fundamental aspects of electrospray ionization as well as its analytical applicability to inorganic and organo-metallic species in order to spread the technique and make its characteristics more familiar to potential users.

Óleos voláteis de espécies de Myrcia nativas do Rio Grande do Sul

Essential oils from M. richardiana, M. arborescens, M. selloi, M. oligantha, M. rostrata, M. lajeana, M. obtecta, M. pubipetala and M. hatschbachii were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-seven compounds have been identified ranging from 90-99% of the oil contents. All analyzed species were rich in cyclic sesquiterpenes (66-99%), mainly those from the cadinane, caryophyllane and germacrane cyclization pathway, among them b-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, d-cadinene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, globulol and a-cadinol. The acyclic sesquiterpene series was well represented by M. lajeana (32.1%), with 25,3% of (E)-nerolidyl acetate.

Estresse oxidativo: relação entre geração de espécies reativas e defesa do organismo

This work describes the mechanism of action of some reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the oxidative stress of the human body, and their consequences on damage to DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. It also illustrates the defense system of our organism against these ROS and RNS species. The action of nonenzymatic protection systems is reported, with emphasis on micromolecules like Q10 coenzyme, vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, carotenoids and flavonoids. The importance of flavonoids is also emphasized, and their body protection mechanism is detailed.

Estudo espectroscópico do equilíbrio entre espécies hexacoordenada e pentacoordenada dos monômero d nativo e reconstituído da hemoglobina extracelular gigante de Glossoscolex paulistus em meio alcalino

UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies of native and reconstituted d monomers from Glossoscolex paulistus were performed in alkaline pH. In addition to the presence of aquomet and hemichrome hexacoordinated species, a pentacoordinated species occurs. This latter species, which presents an imidazolate group of axial histidine as fifth ligand, is identified by the blue-shifted low-intensity Soret band and LMCT band. The pentacoordinated species must occur due to partial polypeptide unfolding.