Effect of thermal cycling and disinfection on colour stability of denture base acrylic resin

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thermal cycling and disinfection on the colour change of denture base acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: Four different brands of acrylic resins were evaluated (Onda Cryl, QC 20, Classico and Lucitone). All brands were divided into four groups (n=7) determined according to the disinfection procedure (microwave, Efferdent, 4% chlorhexidine or 1% hypochlorite). The treatments were conducted three times a week for 60days. All specimens were thermal cycled between 5 and 55°C with 30-s dwell times for 1000 cycles before and after disinfection. The specimens' colour was measured with a spectrophotometer using the CIE L*a*b* system. The evaluations were conducted at baseline (B), after first thermal cycling (T 1), after disinfection (D) and after second thermal cycling (T 2). Colour differences (ΔE) were calculated between T 1 and B (T 1B), D and B (DB), and T 2 and B (T 2B) time-points. Results: The samples submitted to disinfection by microwave and Efferdent exhibited the highest values of colour change. There were significant differences on colour change between the time-points, except for the Lucitone acrylic resin. Conclusions: The thermal cycling and disinfection procedures significantly affected the colour stability of the samples. However, all values obtained for the acrylic resins are within acceptable clinical parameters. © 2012 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Preconcentration and determination of metal ions from fuel ethanol with a new 2,2'-dipyridylamine bonded silica

A silica surface chemically modified with [3-(2,2'-dipyridylamine) propyl] groups was prepared, characterized, and evaluated for its metal ion preconcentration in fuel ethanol. To our knowledge, we are the first authors who have reported the present modification on silica gel surface. The material was characterized using infrared spectra, scanning electronic microscopy, and 13C and 29Si solid-state NMR spectra. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate for metal ion removal from fuel ethanol. The results showed that the Langmuir model describes the sorption equilibrium data of the metal ions in a satisfactory way. From the Langmuir isotherms, the following maximum adsorption capacities (in mmolg -1) were determined: 1.81 for Fe(III), 1.75 for Cr(III), 1.30 for Cu(II), 1.25 for Co(II), 1.15 for Pb(II), 0.95 for Ni(II), and 0.87 for Zn(II). Thermodynamic functions, the change of free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) showed that the adsorption of metal ions onto Si-Pr-DPA was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. The sorption-desorption of the metal ions made possible the development of a preconcentration and quantification method of metal ions in fuel ethanol. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Effect of different disinfectants on the microhardness and roughness of acrylic resins for ocular prosthesis

Background: Ocular prosthesis materials should have specific properties for their indication and durability; therefore, it is important to investigate their physical behaviour when affected by several disinfectants. Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of different disinfecting solutions on the microhardness and surface roughness of acrylic resins for ocular prosthesis. Materials and Methods: Fifty samples simulating ocular prostheses were fabricated with N1 resin and colourless resin and divided (n = 10) according to the disinfectant used: neutral soap, Opti-free, Efferdent, 1% hypochlorite (HYC) and 4% chlorhexidine (CHX). Samples were stored in saline solution at 37°C and disinfected during 120 days. Both microhardness and roughness were investigated before, after 60 days and 120 days of disinfection and storage. Microhardness was measured using a microhardner and the roughness with a roughness device. Results: N1 resin showed lower microhardness when compared with colourless resin (p < 0.05). HYC and CHX groups exhibited the highest change of microhardness and roughness values (p < 0.05). An increase in roughness and reduction in microhardness of ocular acrylic resins were observed after both periods of disinfection and storage (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both disinfection/storage periods affected the microhardness and roughness values of the samples. © 2012 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Functional extinction of birds drives rapid evolutionary changes in seed size

Local extinctions have cascading effects on ecosystem functions, yet little is known about the potential for the rapid evolutionary change of species in human-modified scenarios. We show that the functional extinction of large-gape seed dispersers in the Brazilian Atlantic forest is associated with the consistent reduction of the seed size of a keystone palm species. Among 22 palm populations, areas deprived of large avian frugivores for several decades present smaller seeds than nondefaunated forests, with negative consequences for palm regeneration. Coalescence and phenotypic selection models indicate that seed size reduction most likely occurred within the past 100 years, associated with human-driven fragmentation. The fast-paced defaunation of large vertebrates is most likely causing unprecedented changes in the evolutionary trajectories and community composition of tropical forests.

The fiscal impact of trade liberalization and commodity price fluctuation: the case of Costa Rica, 1980-1998

Includes bibliography

A dramatização da crise dos valores sociais e humanos em Tess of the d'Urbervilles, de Thomas Hardy

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A escrita do passado entre monges e leigos (Portugal - séculos XIV e XV)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nas tramas da educação inclusiva: considerações sobre as políticas públicas educacionais para a inclusão

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Horizons 2030: Equality at the centre of sustainable development. Summary

The world is living a change of era. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals represent the international community’s response to the economic, distributive and environmental imbalances built up under the prevailing development pattern. This document, presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to its member States at its thirty-sixth session, provides an analytical complement to the 2030 Agenda from a structuralist perspective and from the point of view of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. The proposals made here stem from the need to achieve progressive structural change in order to incorporate more knowledge into production, ensure social inclusion and combat the negative impacts of climate change. The reflections and proposals for advancing towards a new development pattern are geared to achieving equality and environmental sustainability. In these proposals, the creation of global and regional public goods and the corresponding domestic policies form the core for expanding the structuralist tradition towards a global Keynesianism and a development strategy centred around an environmental big push.

Horizons 2030: Equality at the centre of sustainable development

The world is living a change of era. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals represent the international community’s response to the economic, distributive and environmental imbalances built up under the prevailing development pattern. This document, presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to its member States at its thirty-sixth session, provides an analytical complement to the 2030 Agenda from a structuralist perspective and from the point of view of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. The proposals made here stem from the need to achieve progressive structural change in order to incorporate more knowledge into production, ensure social inclusion and combat the negative impacts of climate change. The reflections and proposals for advancing towards a new development pattern are geared to achieving equality and environmental sustainability. In these proposals, the creation of global and regional public goods and the corresponding domestic policies form the core for expanding the structuralist tradition towards a global Keynesianism and a development strategy centred around an environmental big push.

Diversificação dos sistemas produtivos familiares: reflexões sobre as relações sociedade-natureza na Amazônia Oriental

Este artigo tece algumas reflexões sobre as relações sociedade-natureza na Amazônia, a partir das mudanças para a diversifi cação que está ocorrendo no sudeste paraense. Partindo de um olhar sobre os caminhos da agricultura, procurou-se situar como os tipos de relações com natureza infl uenciaram nas formas de exploração adotadas na região e o que significam essas mudanças em termos das relações entre agricultores e o meio natural. O texto discute os principais elementos e motivações que estão na constituição desse processo de diversifi cação, estabelecendo uma relação do mesmo com a capacidade de adaptação e com a mudança de projetos dos agricultores no sentido da permanência. Nesse sentido, essa mudança parece ilustrar a existência do mesmo processo de estabilização relativa dos agricultores, já identificado em outras fronteiras.

Mobilidade geográfica como estratégia de sobrevivência de pescadores artesanais na Amazônia: o caso de Cubatão em Icoaraci, Pará

A mobilidade espacial é inerente à realização da pesca na Amazônia. Ela se realiza como estratégia de sobrevivência para a reprodução do pescador artesanal enquanto categoria social, como resposta à escassez do peixe, à poluição das águas e aos conflitos entre a pesca artesanal e o setor industrial. Neste estudo, busca-se identificar os diferentes tipos de mobilidade espacial realizada por pescadores artesanais da ocupação de Cubatão, localizada no distrito de Icoaraci. Os pescadores realizam a pesca em várias escalas. Como forma estratégica de manterem-se móveis, e garantir sua reprodução, o pescador utiliza a parceria para participar da composição da tripulação e na distribuição do produto da pesca. Por disporem de tecnologia simples efetivam uma jornada intensa de trabalho para escapar da competitividade com a pesca industrial. Como não conseguem acumular capital, permanecem com baixos níveis socioeconômicos. Se não mudar a condição do setor pesqueiro, a situação do pescador não se modifica, levando-o a realizar repetidas vezes a mobilidade, e mesmo a migração para outras localidades que permitam realizar a pesca, ou mudar de ocupação.

Municipalização da gestão ambiental: situação atual dos municípios do Estado do Pará

O objeto do presente trabalho incide apenas sobre a análise das estruturas de gestão ambiental no Estado do Pará. Cujo principal objetivo é analisar e avaliar a municipalização da gestão ambiental no Estado do Pará, sem levar em consideração o funcionamento real das estruturas ambientais no Estado. O município e as messoregiões foram escolhidos como forma de regionalização para verificação da efetividade da Política Estadual de Meio Ambiente e da municipalização da gestão ambiental. O Estado do Pará foi selecionado como área de estudo em virtude dos problemas ambientais e da preocupação do Estado em desenvolver políticas que combatam o passado descomprometido do Estado com o meio ambiente: incentivos fiscais e implantação de estruturas para projetos de desenvolvimento regional que impactaram o meio ambiente, e municípios de criação antiga e recente. Desta forma, quais as competências dos municípios no âmbito da legislação correspondente a gestão ambiental? Como está ocorrendo à descentralização da gestão ambiental no Estado do Pará? Quais as características atuais do meio ambiente? Para tanto, foi utilizado como metodologia: pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; e análise de dados dos municípios, através do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e da SECTAM (Secretaria Executiva de Ciência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente). A importância do tema desenvolvido revela-se na necessidade de municipalizar a gestão ambiental, ou seja, na mudança de postura do estado, dantes centralizador e autoritário, para uma postura democrática, resultando na gestão ambiental e territorial, que consiste numa outra forma de elaborar, decidir e executar políticas públicas.

Effect of calcium on the structural properties of Ba(1-x)Ca (x) TiO3 particles synthesized by complex polymerization method

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of intrinsic nanoparticle pigmentation on the color stability of denture base acrylic resins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)