Levantamento de doenças foliares em cultivares e híbridos de milho no sistema plantio direto no estado do Pará.

Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência e identificar doenças foliares de milho (Zea mays) em 13 cultivares e híbridos plantados em Sistema de Plantio Direto, em área de Pesquisa da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, no município de Paragominas, PA. O levantamento das principais doenças foi realizado no início do florescimento, estádio reprodutivo do milho. Amostras de tecido foliar com sintomas de doença foram analisadas no Laboratório de Fitopatologia da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental e observou-se que na maioria dos cultivares e híbridos houve a ocorrência de doenças causadas por fungos dos gêneros Colletotrichum, Bipolaris e Diplodia , agentes etiológicos de doenças que podem causar redução na produtividade da cultura e são amplamente distribuídos nas regiões produtoras de milho do Brasil. O aumento da dispersão do milho pode ser um fator contribuinte para o aumento das doenças, principalmente em Sistema de Plantio Direto. Concluiu-se que houve a incidência de doenças foliares de importância econômica na maioria dos cultivares de milho no Sistema de Plantio Direto em estudo, as quais podem atuar potencialmente para a diminuição da produtividade da cultura nesse Sistema.

Avaliação do desempenho agronômico de híbridos de milho na Região Nordeste do Brasil.

2016

Caracterização dos fluxos de emergência de plantas voluntárias de milho em função dos tipos de perdas na colheita.

2016

Variabilidade da fertilidade do solo em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta.

2016

Use of organic compost containing waste from small ruminants in corn production.

Composting is a useful way of transforming livestock waste into organic fertilizer, which is proven to increase soil nutrient levels, and thus crop yield. Remains from production and slaughter of small ruminants can become a source of important elements for plant growth, such as N, after microorganism-driven decomposition.The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of this compost on soil fertility and on the nutritional status and yield of the corn crop. The experiment was conducted in a Haplic Luvisol in a randomized block design with six treatments and five application rates of the organic compound in Mg ha-1: 3 (half the standard rate), 6 (standard rate), 9 (one and a half times the standard rate), 12 (twice the standard rate), and 24 (four times the standard rate) and an additional treatment with mineral fertilizers (110, 50 e 30 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively), with four blocks. Evaluations were performed for two harvests of rainfed crops, measuring soil fertility, nutritional status, and grain yield. The compost increased P, K, Na and Zn values in the 0.00-0.20 m layer in relation of mineral fertilization in 616, 21, 114 and 90 % with rate 24 Mg ha-1 in second crop. Leaf N, Mg, and S contents, relative chlorophyll content, and the productivity of corn kernels increased in 27, 32, 36, 20 e 85 %, respectively, of low rate (3 Mg ha-1) to high rate (24 Mg ha-1) with of application of the compost. Corn yield was higher with application of organic compost in rate of 24 Mg ha-1 than mineral fertilizer combination in second crop.

Soil microbilogica properties and available nitrogen for corn in monoculture and intercropped with forage.

2016

Componentes de rendimento e produtividade de grãos de híbridos simples de milho transgênico no sul e leste maranhense.

2016

Comportamento agronômico de híbridos de milho na região Nordeste do Brasil.

2016

Comportamento de híbridos de milho transgênico e convencional em ambientes do Meio-Norte brasileiro.

2016

Comportamento de variedades sintéticas de milho na região Sul.

2016

Desempenho de cultivares de milho na região produtora de Frei Paulo, Sergipe.

2016

Desempenho produtivo de cultivares de milho em três locais do Estado do Pará.

2016

Identificação de fonte de resistência à ferrugem polissora em milho para desenvolvimento de população de mapeamento e estudo de herança genética.

2016

Viable chimaeric viruses confirm the biological importance of sequence specific maize streak virus movement protein and coat protein interactions

Background. A variety of interactions between up to three different movement proteins (MPs), the coat protein (CP) and genomic DNA mediate the inter- and intra-cellular movement of geminiviruses in the genus Begomovirus. Although movement of viruses in the genus Mastrevirus is less well characterized, direct interactions between a single MP and the CP of these viruses is also clearly involved in both intra- and intercellular trafficking of virus genomic DNA. However, it is currently unknown how specific these MP-CP interactions are, nor how disruption of these interactions might impact on virus viability. Results. Using chimaeric genomes of two strains of Maize streak virus (MSV) we adopted a genetic approach to investigate the gross biological effects of interfering with interactions between virus MP and CP homologues derived from genetically distinct MSV isolates. MP and CP genes were reciprocally exchanged, individually and in pairs, between maize (MSV-Kom)- and Setaria sp. (MSV-Set)-adapted isolates sharing 78% genome-wide sequence identity. All chimaeras were infectious in Zea mays c.v. Jubilee and were characterized in terms of symptomatology and infection efficiency. Compared with their parental viruses, all the chimaeras were attenuated in symptom severity, infection efficiency, and the rate at which symptoms appeared. The exchange of individual MP and CP genes resulted in lower infection efficiency and reduced symptom severity in comparison with exchanges of matched MP-CP pairs. Conclusion. Specific interactions between the mastrevirus MP and CP genes themselves and/or their expression products are important determinants of infection efficiency, rate of symptom development and symptom severity. © 2008 van der Walt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

A suite of novel promoters and terminators for plant biotechnology II. The pPLEX series for use in monocots

A suite of plant expression vectors (pPLEX), constructed from the gene regulation signals from subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV) genome, has previously been used in dicot transformation for a variety of applications in plant biotechnology. To assess their use for the transformation of monocots, a number of modifications were made to the basic vector series and assessed in rice. In their unmodified forms, the SCSV promoters directed low levels of gene expression, however, insertion of an intron between the promoter and the transgene open reading frame (analogous to the rice actin and maize ubiquitin promoter systems) increased transgene expression 50-fold. The expression patterns from the intron-modified SCSV (segments 4 and 7) promoters were very similar to those directed by the actin or ubiquitin promoters. All promoter systems investigated directed expression that appeared to be constitutive within leaf tissue, and localised to the epidermal and vascular tissues of the root. The pPLEX vectors described here are an important counterpart to the dicot pPLEX series and have the potential to be useful in monocot research and biotechnology.