Hemoglobin conformational properties and ionic composition of red blood cells in vascular diseases patients

This is an abstract of a presented talk at the European Biotechnology Conference held in Latvia during 05–07 May 2016

Carlyle on heroes, hero-worship : and the heroic in history /

Six lectures.

Desenvolvimento e validação do sistema de observação do clima de aula, em aulas de grupo de fitness: aplicação piloto em idosos

Dissertação com vista na obtenção no grau de mestre em Atividade Física em Populações Especiais

Die weisheit d. Martin Luther's ...

1. t. Auslegung des Magnificat.-Psalm 37, 62, 82, 117, 111, 127, 147, 118. Jeremia kap. 23. Esaja kap. 9. Habakuk kap. 1, 3. Die zehn gebote. Die bergpredigt. Evangel. Joh. kap. 14-16. Das Vaterunser.--2. t. Auslegung des ersten buches Mose. Auslegung des ersten briefes Petri, sammt dem ersten kapitel des andern briefes. Auslegung des fünfzehnten kapitels des ersten briefes Pauli an die Corinther.

The Role of Accidental and Therapeutic Hypothermia in Non-Fatal Drowning

A case of non-fatal drowning with a successful outcome despite a submersion time of 25 min is described. Our case report emphasizes the role of accidental hypothermia in the survival of drowning victims with hypoxic brain injury, and supports the use of therapeutic hypothermia in the resuscitation of these patients.

Martin Luther : vom Katholizismus zur Reformation /

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

D. Martini Lutheri Commentarium in Epistolam S. Pauli ad Galatas /

Mode of access: Internet.

Presentación

Los grupos y sectores de la sociedad cifran sus esperanzas en la acumulación de conocimiento que permita aportar, a un mundo en conflicto, soluciones a sus proble­mas. La experiencia nos muestra que la generación de este conocimiento, necesario y útil, deberá surgir de las diferentes miradas y aportes de todos, es decir, se deberá propugnar por la construcción colectiva del mismo. En este orden de ideas, herramientas como la divulgación y la puesta en común posibi­litan que los diferentes espacios de producción se oxigenen, esto es, el conocimiento ya existente puede ser controvertido, depurado, contrariado, reconstruido o respaldado

Spatiotemporal neuromodulation therapies engaging muscle synergies improve motor control after spinal cord injury.

Electrical neuromodulation of lumbar segments improves motor control after spinal cord injury in animal models and humans. However, the physiological principles underlying the effect of this intervention remain poorly understood, which has limited the therapeutic approach to continuous stimulation applied to restricted spinal cord locations. Here we developed stimulation protocols that reproduce the natural dynamics of motoneuron activation during locomotion. For this, we computed the spatiotemporal activation pattern of muscle synergies during locomotion in healthy rats. Computer simulations identified optimal electrode locations to target each synergy through the recruitment of proprioceptive feedback circuits. This framework steered the design of spatially selective spinal implants and real-time control software that modulate extensor and flexor synergies with precise temporal resolution. Spatiotemporal neuromodulation therapies improved gait quality, weight-bearing capacity, endurance and skilled locomotion in several rodent models of spinal cord injury. These new concepts are directly translatable to strategies to improve motor control in humans.

Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events

Background Prolonged lowering of blood pressure after a stroke reduces the risk of recurrent stroke. In addition, inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system in high-risk patients reduces the rate of subsequent cardiovascular events, including stroke. However, the effect of lowering of blood pressure with a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor soon after a stroke has not been clearly established. We evaluated the effects of therapy with an angiotensin-receptor blocker, telmisartan, initiated early after a stroke. Methods In a multicenter trial involving 20,332 patients who recently had an ischemic stroke, we randomly assigned 10,146 to receive telmisartan (80 mg daily) and 10,186 to receive placebo. The primary outcome was recurrent stroke. Secondary outcomes were major cardiovascular events (death from cardiovascular causes, recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, or new or worsening heart failure) and new-onset diabetes. Results The median interval from stroke to randomization was 15 days. During a mean followup of 2.5 years, the mean blood pressure was 3.8/2.0 mm Hg lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group. A total of 880 patients (8.7%) in the telmisartan group and 934 patients (9.2%) in the placebo group had a subsequent stroke (hazard ratio in the telmisartan group, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 1.04; P = 0.23). Major cardiovascular events occurred in 1367 patients (13.5%) in the telmisartan group and 1463 patients (14.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.01; P = 0.11). New-onset diabetes occurred in 1.7% of the telmisartan group and 2.1% of the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.04; P = 0.10). Conclusions Therapy with telmisartan initiated soon after an ischemic stroke and continued for 2.5 years did not significantly lower the rate of recurrent stroke, major cardiovascular events, or diabetes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00153062.)

Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke

Background Recurrent stroke is a frequent, disabling event after ischemic stroke. This study compared the efficacy and safety of two antiplatelet regimens — aspirin plus extendedrelease dipyridamole (ASA–ERDP) versus clopidogrel. Methods In this double-blind, 2-by-2 factorial trial, we randomly assigned patients to receive 25 mg of aspirin plus 200 mg of extended-release dipyridamole twice daily or to receive 75 mg of clopidogrel daily. The primary outcome was first recurrence of stroke. The secondary outcome was a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from vascular causes. Sequential statistical testing of noninferiority (margin of 1.075), followed by superiority testing, was planned. Results A total of 20,332 patients were followed for a mean of 2.5 years. Recurrent stroke occurred in 916 patients (9.0%) receiving ASA–ERDP and in 898 patients (8.8%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.11). The secondary outcome occurred in 1333 patients (13.1%) in each group (hazard ratio for ASA–ERDP, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.07). There were more major hemorrhagic events among ASA–ERDP recipients (419 [4.1%]) than among clopidogrel recipients (365 [3.6%]) (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.32), including intracranial hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.83). The net risk of recurrent stroke or major hemorrhagic event was similar in the two groups (1194 ASA–ERDP recipients [11.7%], vs. 1156 clopidogrel recipients [11.4%]; hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.11). Conclusions The trial did not meet the predefined criteria for noninferiority but showed similar rates of recurrent stroke with ASA–ERDP and with clopidogrel. There is no evidence that either of the two treatments was superior to the other in the prevention of recurrent stroke. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00153062.)

Abdominal epilepsy as an unusual cause ofabdominal pain: a case report.

Introduction: Abdominal pain, in etiology sometimes difficult to be defined, is a frequent complaint in childhood. Abdominal epilepsy is a rare cause of abdominal pain. Objectives: In this article, we report on 5 year old girl patient with abdominal epilepsy. Methods: Some investigations (stool investigation, routine blood tests, ultrasonography (USG), electrocardiogram (ECHO) and electrocardiograpy (ECG), holter for 24hr.) were done to understand the origin of these complaints; but no abnormalities were found. Finally an EEG was done during an episode of abdominal pain and it was shown that there were generalized spikes especially precipitated by hyperventilation. The patient did well on valproic acid therapy and EEG was normal 1 month after beginning of the treatment. Discussion: The cause of chronic recurrent paroxymal abdominal pain is difficult for the clinicians to diagnose in childhood. A lot of disease may lead to paroxysmal gastrointestinal symptoms like familial mediterranean fever and porfiria. Abdominal epilepsy is one of the rare but easily treatable cause of abdominal pain. Conclusion: In conclusion, abdominal epilepsy should be suspected in children with recurrent abdominal pain.

Effect of telmisartan on functional outcome, recurrence, and blood pressure in patients with acute mild ischemic stroke: a PRoFESS subgroup analysis

Background and Purpose—High blood pressure (BP) is common in acute ischemic stroke and associated independently with a poor functional outcome. However, the management of BP acutely remains unclear because no large trials have been completed. Methods—The factorial PRoFESS secondary stroke prevention trial assessed BP-lowering and antiplatelet strategies in 20 332 patients; 1360 were enrolled within 72 hours of ischemic stroke, with telmisartan (angiotensin receptor antagonist, 80 mg/d, n647) vs placebo (n713). For this nonprespecified subgroup analysis, the primary outcome was functional outcome at 30 days; secondary outcomes included death, recurrence, and hemodynamic measures at up to 90 days. Analyses were adjusted for baseline prognostic variables and antiplatelet assignment. Results—Patients were representative of the whole trial (age 67 years, male 65%, baseline BP 147/84 mm Hg, small artery disease 60%, NIHSS 3) and baseline variables were similar between treatment groups. The mean time from stroke to recruitment was 58 hours. Combined death or dependency (modified Rankin scale: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.84–1.26; P0.81; death: OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.27–4.04; and stroke recurrence: OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.68–2.89; P0.36) did not differ between the treatment groups. In comparison with placebo, telmisartan lowered BP (141/82 vs 135/78 mmHg, difference 6 to 7 mmHg and 2 to 4 mmHg; P0.001), pulse pressure (3 to 4 mmHg; P0.002), and rate-pressure product (466 mmHg.bpm; P0.0004). Conclusion—Treatment with telmisartan in 1360 patients with acute mild ischemic stroke and mildly elevated BP appeared to be safe with no excess in adverse events, was not associated with a significant effect on functional dependency, death, or recurrence, and modestly lowered BP.

CAPÍTULO II: LOS RECURSOS HUMANOS Y EL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO EN LA “SOCIEDAD INFORMACIONAL”

Existe un alto consenso al nivel mundial de que el conocimiento será el principal “factor de producción” del futuro y la fuente más importante de la competitividad de las empresas y los países. De ser así, el país que le de la espalda a esta realidad, y que no invierta decididamente en la formación y capacitación de su gente, se estará condenando a la marginación y al atraso secular. Pero invertir más en educación (lo mismo que en salud y en seguridad social) no es, por sí solo, garantía de éxito; si dicho esfuerzo no se inscribe en una senda estratégica que potencie efectivamente la productividad de los recursos empleados en la producción social, aprovechando al máximo las oportunidades que ofrece la “sociedad informacional” (Castells, 1996: 37-48). Además, tal como se comentó en el capítulo primero, el tema está cargado de aspectos aún difusos y controvertidos, relacionados con la marcha de la reestructuración de la economía mundial (y del capitalismo en particular) en la actual fase de transición hacia una mayor mundialización30.Pero lo cierto es que el sistema educativo costarricense enfrenta serias amenazas que impiden convertirlo en el valuarte de la transformación productiva y social del país, tal como se propuso en el capítulo previo. Desde la reforma educativa de finales del siglo XIX, pasando por la creación de la Universidad de Costa Rica en 1940, y hasta la democratización de la enseñanza media y universitaria a partir de los años cincuenta; la educación ha cumplido sin duda un papel preponderante en el desarrollo nacional, en su evolución cultural, en su estabilidad social y política; rasgos que se mantuvieron y incluso profundizaron durante las tres últimas décadas. Pero el impulso de la educación sobre la economía ha sido fundamentalmente, a partir de lo que podríamos llamar “el lado de la demanda”, esto es, ha favorecido la equidad y la movilidad social, y con ello, la redistribución del ingreso y del poder adquisitivo de la población que podía ascender social y económicamente mediante este mecanismo. Esto permitió la ampliación del mercado interno que a su vez favoreció la diversificación productiva

ESTABILIDAD Y CRECIMIENTO EN LA COSTA RICA ACTUAL: ¿CICLO RECESIVO O CRISIS DEL DESARROLLO?

Con la finalidad de contribuir a precisar los términos del debate sobre el estado actual de la economía costarricense, así como de su comportamiento probable en el corto y mediano plazo, el presente trabajo enfatiza los siguientes elementos de análisis.1. La estabilidad macroeconómica alcanzada: su importancia, su grado de fragilidad, y las políticas adecuadas para su sostenibilidad.2. El diagnóstico global de la economía en la actual coyuntura.3. La conformación de una agenda preliminar de discusión para emprender la reactivación y retomar el rumbo del desarrollo económico y social.De conformidad con el plan sugerido, el trabajo se divide en seis partes. En el primer apartado repasamos aspectos cruciales a tener en cuenta para un adecuado entendimiento de la relación entre las políticas de estabilización y las reformas estructurales en países de vías de desarrollo. En la parte II presentamos y comentamos el comportamiento de los principales indicadores de estabilidad macroeconómica, para luego (apartado III) analizar diversas presiones estructurales sobre la estabilidad que han venido atentando contra las metas propuestas por los últimos gobiernos. En el apartado IV se examina el carácter específico de la recesión económica de los últimos meses, y se critica el diagnóstico “oficial” que prevalece entre los economistas vinculados con los dos partidos políticos tradicionales. En el apartado siguiente se discute sobre lo que se considera el dilema principal de la política económica de los meses venideros: profundizar un ajuste de tipo neoliberal (concentrador y excluyente), o emprender un viraje estratégico hacia un desarrollo productivo y social ambientalmente sostenible. Finalmente, en el apartado VI se presenta una agenda preliminar de discusión para el logro de la anhelada estabilidad sin sacrificar el crecimiento económico ni la equidad social.