Fish assemblages associated with three types of artificial reefs: density of assemblages and possible impacts on adjacent fish abundance

We evaluated the effectiveness of wooden artificial reefs (ARs) as fish habitat. Three types of ARs, made of cedar logs, broadleaf tree logs, and PVC pipes, respectively, were deployed in triplicate at 8-m depth off Maizuru, Kyoto Prefecture, Sea of Japan, in May 2004. Fish assemblages associated with each of the nine ARs were observed by using SCUBA twice a month for four years. Fish assemblages in the adjacent habitat were also monitored for two years before and four years after reef deployment. In the surveyed areas (ca. 10 m2) associated with each of the cedar, broadleaf, and PVC ARs, the average number of fish species was 4.14, 3.49, and 3.00, and the average number of individuals was 40.7, 27.9, and 20.3, respectively. The estimated biomass was also more greater when associated with the cedar ARs than with other ARs. Visual censuses of the habitat adjacent to the ARs revealed that the number of fish species and the density of individuals were not affected by the deployment of the ARs. Our results support the superiority of cedar as an AR material and indicate that deployment of wooden ARs causes no reduction of fish abundance in adjacent natural reefs.

Evaluation of the capture efficiency and size selectivity of four pot types in the prospective fishery for North Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)

Over 230 metric tons of octopus is harvested as bycatch annually in Alaskan trawl, long-line, and pot fisheries. An expanding market has fostered interest in the development of a directed fishery for North Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini). To investigate the potential for fishery development we examined the efficacy of four different pot types for capture of this species. During two surveys in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, strings of 16 –20 sablefish, Korean hair crab, shrimp, and Kodiak wooden lair pots were set at depths ranging between 62 and 390 meters. Catch per-unit-of-ef for t estimates were highest for sablefish and lair pots. Sablefish pots caught significantly heavier North Pacific giant octopuses but also produced the highest bycatch of commercially important species, such as halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi).

Verificação à fadiga estrutural de ponte em concreto armado.

As pontes rodoviárias de concreto armado estão sujeitas à ações dinâmicas variáveis devido ao tráfego de veículos sobre o tabuleiro. Estas ações dinâmicas nem sempre são corretamente consideradas pelos projetistas. Deste modo, a correta consideração destes aspectos mostra-se de fundamental importância, de forma a se avaliar os esforços dinâmicos oriundos do tráfego de veículos sobre o tabuleiro. De acordo com este contexto, a ponte rodoviária investigada nesta dissertação é constituída por duas vigas longitudinais, três transversinas, sendo uma central e duas sobre os apoios, e por um tabuleiro em concreto armado. O modelo computacional, desenvolvido para a análise dinâmica da ponte, foi concebido com base no emprego de técnicas usuais de discretização através do método dos elementos finitos. Os veículos são representados a partir de sistemas do tipo "massa-mola-amortecedor". O tráfego destes veículos é considerado mediante a simulação de comboios semi-infinitos, deslocando-se com velocidade constante sobre a ponte. As técnicas para a contagem de ciclos de tensões e a aplicação das regras de dano acumulado foram analisadas através das curvas S-N de diversas normas e recomendações internacionais vigentes que versam sobre o tema. As conclusões deste trabalho de pesquisa se referem à análise da resposta dinâmica bem como da vida útil de serviço da obra de arte rodoviária de concreto armado investigada, quando submetida às ações dinâmicas provenientes do tráfego de veículos pesados sobre o tabuleiro.