Identification of a homolog of Arabidopsis DSP4 (SEX4) in chestnut: its induction and accumulation in stem amyloplasts during winter or in response to the cold_

Oligosaccharide synthesis is an important cryoprotection strategy used by woody plants during winter dormancy. At the onset of autumn, starch stored in the stem and buds is broken down in response to the shorter days and lower temperatures resulting in the buildup of oligosaccharides. Given that the enzyme DSP4 is necessary for diurnal starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves, this study was designed to address the role of DSP4 in this seasonal process in Castanea sativa Mill. The expression pattern of the CsDSP4 gene in cells of the chestnut stem was found to parallel starch catabolism. In this organ, DSP4 protein levels started to rise at the start of autumn and elevated levels persisted until the onset of spring. In addition, exposure of chestnut plantlets to 4 °C induced the expression of the CsDSP4 gene. In dormant trees or cold-stressed plantlets, the CsDSP4 protein was immunolocalized both in the amyloplast stroma and nucleus of stem cells, whereas in the conditions of vegetative growth, immunofluorescence was only detected in the nucleus. The studies indicate a potential role for DSP4 in starch degradation and cold acclimation following low temperature exposure during activity–dormancy transition.

N-Management using Nitrification inhibitor DMPP to Reduce Nitrogen Oxide Emissions in Mediterranean Winter Barley.

Increasing nitrogen (N) use efficiency during crop production is paramount both from an economic and environmental perspective. A proposed measure to achieve it is to split the addition of fertilizers with more than on application. For a winter crop under Mediterranean climatic conditions, the most common application pattern consists of a basal fertilization (October-November) an a top-dressing (February-March).

Characterization of a glycosylase family gene specifically expressed during winter dormancy in woody plants

Winter dormancy is the strategy used by perennial plants to survive the harsh conditions of winter in temperate and cold regions. This complex mechanism is characterized by cessation of the meristems activity, which is accompanied by the budset, the acquisition of a high tolerance to the cold temperatures and, in the case of deciduous trees, by the senescence and leaf abscission. In long-lived forest species, the length of the dormancy period limits the growing season, affecting wood production and quality. A Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) enriched in genes overexpressed during the process of winter dormancy in chesnut stems identified a DNA glycosylase gene. In order to study its role in the establishment and maintenance of the winter dormancy, a molecular characterization and seasonal expression were performed. Furthermore, we have obtained poplar transgenic plantlets overexpressing the chesnut gene.

Desarrollo de aplicaciones basadas en Linux Embedded en una arquitectura basada en Cyclone V SoC (System on Chip) de Altera

We attempt to integrate and start up the set of necessary tools to deploy the design cycle of embedded systems based on Embedded Linux on a "Cyclone V SoC" made by Altera. First, we will analyze the available tools for designing the hardware system of the SoCkit development kit, made by Arrow, which has a "Cyclone V SoC" system (based on a "ARM Cortex-A9 MP Core" architecture). When designing the SoCkit board hardware, we will create a new peripheral to integrate it into the hardware system, so it can be used as any other existent resource of the SoCkit board previously configured. Next, we will analyze the tools to generate an Embedded Linux distribution adapted to the SoCkit board. In order to generate the Linux distribution we will use, on the one hand, a software package from Yocto recommended by Altera; on the other hand, the programs and tools of Altera, Embedded Development Suite. We will integrate all the components needed to build the Embedded Linux distribution, creating a complete and functional system which can be used for developing software applications. Finally, we will study the programs for developing and debugging applications in C or C++ language that will be executed in this hardware platform, then we will program a Linux application as an example to illustrate the use of SoCkit board resources. RESUMEN Se pretende integrar y poner en funcionamiento el conjunto de herramientas necesarias para desplegar el ciclo de diseño de sistemas embebidos basados en "Embedded Linux" sobre una "Cyclone V SoC" de Altera. En primer lugar, se analizarán las diversas herramientas disponibles para diseñar el sistema hardware de la tarjeta de desarrollo SoCkit, fabricada por Arrow, que dispone de un sistema "Cyclone V SoC" (basado en una arquitectura "ARM Cortex A9 MP Core"). En el diseño hardware de la SoCkit se creará un periférico propio y se integrará en el sistema, pudiendo ser utilizado como cualquier otro recurso de la tarjeta ya existente y configurado. A continuación, también se analizarán las herramientas para generar una distribución de "Embedded Linux" adaptado a la placa SoCkit. Para generar la distribución de Linux se utilizará, por una parte, un paquete software de Yocto recomendado por Altera y, por otra parte, las propias herramientas y programas de Altera. Se integrarán todos los componentes necesarios para construir la distribución Linux, creando un sistema completo y funcional que se pueda utilizar para el desarrollo de aplicaciones software. Por último, se estudiarán las herramientas para el diseño y depuración de aplicaciones en lenguaje C ó C++ que se ejecutarán en esta plataforma hardware. Se pretende desarrollar una aplicación de ejemplo para ilustrar el uso de los recursos más utilizados de la SoCkit.