La muerte del cirujano. Ansiedades coloniales e identidades colectivas en Cuenca, 1739 (Estudios)

El art��culo analiza las tensiones que enfrentaban a criollos y europeos en la Audiencia de Quito en el siglo XVIII, a trav��s del caso de la muerte del cirujano Jean de S��nierges en la ciudad de Cuenca, durante la expedici��n geod��sica a la regi��n. El an��lisis de los relatos tejidos en torno al deceso del m��dico de la expedici��n muestra la progresiva consolidaci��n de identidades pol��ticas diferenciadas en la Colonia. Pone en evidencia, adem��s, la importancia de analizar los motines urbanos como herramientas de acci��n colectiva, en las que se cristalizan estas identidades.

El deber de pagar tributos y los principios de legalidad y de reserva de ley en la Constituci��n del Ecuador de 2008 (Tema Central)

Con este trabajo realizamos una aproximaci��n al deber de pagar tributos y a los principios constitucionales de legalidad y de reserva de ley aplicables al campo tributario, destacando su naturaleza y rol en orden al logro de un equilibrio entre las necesidades del Estado y el reconocimiento de los derechos y garant��as de los contribuyentes. Tambi��n planteamos algunas tensiones que ocurren entre los referidos proleg��menos y cuestiones propias de la fiscalidad internacional.

Evoluci��n del derecho internacional de inversiones: hacia un r��gimen global estable (Tema Central)

En los ��ltimos a��os, los flujos de inversi��n han crecido a nivel mundial y junto con estos se ha producido un desarrollo normativo que comprende la creaci��n de m��s de 3.000 tratados bilaterales y regionales. Estos tratados comparten similares est��ndares sustantivos de trato, as�� como procedimientos similares de soluci��n de controversias. Por esta raz��n, se ha conceptualizado a este conjunto de normas en el derecho internacional como un r��gimen emergente global de inversiones, el cual est�� generando constantes tensiones entre estados. La creaci��n de este r��gimen emergente no es espont��nea, ya que proviene de un complejo proceso de evoluci��n que se desarrolla a trav��s de la historia del derecho internacional. El presente trabajo analiza la historia y evoluci��n del Derecho Internacional de Inversiones, e identifica los puntos clave que deben ser considerados en la construcci��n de una regulaci��n integral de la inversi��n extranjera.

Pol��tica y conflictividad en Bolivia (Coyuntura)

Despu��s de las movilizaciones masivas del 2000 al 2005 que llevaron a Evo Morales y su partido a la presidencia se esperaba una incorporaci��n positiva de los sectores populares, campesinos e ind��genas a la arena pol��tica. Este art��culo analiza por qu�� en su segundo gobierno (2010-2014) esa expectativa cedi�� paso a una creciente conflictividad con importantes movimientos sociales que lo llevaron al poder. Argumenta que la priorizaci��n de pol��ticas de Estado gener�� fuertes tensiones en la amplia y heterog��nea coalici��n social surgida de las luchas antineoliberales.

Descentralizaci��n y autonom��a fiscal en el Ecuador: bases te��ricas y tensiones jur��dicas (Tema Central)

Presenta los elementos te��ricos ��tiles para construir los significados y alcances de los t��rminos ���descentralizaci��n��� y ���autonom��a���, as�� mismo, en v��a de profundizaci��n, da cuenta de un an��lisis jur��dico cr��tico del desenvolvimiento y rol de estas dos situaciones, dentro de la din��mica del poder p��blico atinente a lo fiscal y tributario en el Ecuador. Tambi��n identifica tensiones surgidas entre la legislaci��n de la materia y algunas cl��usulas de la Constituci��n, todo a partir de la ��ptica del gobierno aut��nomo descentralizado municipal o metropolitano, por tratarse de niveles gubernativos bastante consolidados en el pa��s.

Leonardo Favio: el mito del autor frente a la cr��tica cultural (In Memoriam)

Este ensayo realiza una cr��tica de la recepci��n de la filmograf��a del argentino Leonardo Favio construida a partir de un paradigma modernista fundado en la noci��n de ���autor���. Analiza un conjunto de discursos que en los a��os noventa llevaron a la consagraci��n de la figura de Favio vigentes hasta la actualidad. Finalmente, introduce nuevas perspectivas para comprender la pluralidad de la obra del cineasta basadas en las tensiones culturales olvidadas por la cr��tica modernista. A partir de conceptos como ���transculturaci��n��� e ���hibridez��� se plantea una lectura que integra lo culto y lo popular, particularismo y universalismo, tradici��n y modernidad.

La imaginaci��n en un burdel, un sue��o latinoamericano hecho ficci��n: los prost��bulos novelescos (Estudios)

En el a��o 2009, el escritor Jorge Volpi public�� el ensayo El insomnio de Bol��var en el que argumenta a favor de abandonar, por irreal y quim��rica, la idea de ���literatura latinoamericana���. Mediante la lectura de cuatro novelas ���Juntacad��veres (1964), El lugar sin l��mites (1965), La casa verde (1966) y Pantale��n y las visitadoras (1973)��� buscar�� develar lo err��neo y tendencioso de tal postura. As��, fundamentar�� mi argumento en el an��lisis minucioso de los prost��bulos novelescos que albergan las cuatro ficciones, desde sus apariciones hasta sus aniquilamientos. Apariciones que lejos de ser insignificantes muestran desde un inicio una complejidad extrema por la serie de tensiones que articulan entre los personajes y las sociedades representadas. Dicha complejidad se enriquece y densifica una vez que pensamos en el tipo de actividades que tienen lugar en los lupanares, actividades en las cuales la fiesta y el carnaval pautan toda una serie de metamorfosis, completamente ajenas a la realidad exterior. Finalmente, me centrar�� en la din��mica de los proxenetas o fundadores de los burdeles, individuos singulares que manifiestan una voluntad inaudita en la cual la imaginaci��n busca negar y suplantar la realidad. No obstante, sus actividades, que en ocasiones hacen pensar en ejercicios ut��picos, terminan sucumbiendo a la censura social que, de un modo o de otro, destruye a los prost��bulos sin que esto signifique terminar con los cambios introducidos por estos en las sociedades que los acogen. Ya que muy pocos otros espacios ficcionales son tan frecuentes y ricos en valores dentro de la literatura latinoamericana demostrar�� en la conclusi��n de qu�� manera este tipo de textos (y espacios novelescos) permiten hablar a justo t��tulo de ���literatura latinoamericana���.

Enlisting business to help loosen the Gordian knot around Cyprus. CEPS Commentary, 5 October 2012

Citing evidence from around the world, including the recent Turkish-Greek reconciliation, Adam Balcer suggests in this CEPS Commentary that establishment of economic cooperation between the business communities of Cyprus and Turkey can facilitate a political rapprochement or at least can prevent a rise in tensions.

EU-Russia energy diplomacy: The need for an active strategic partnership. EU Diplomacy Paper 4/2012, July 2012

This paper explains the conflictive and cooperative elements of energy diplomacy between the European Union (EU) and Russia. It argues that interdependence forms the underlying principle of this relationship and creates both sensitivity and vulnerability for the interdependent parties, thus carrying the sperms of both conflict and cooperation. Both sides would be negatively affected by the other side���s noncooperation within the current policy framework and the prevailing mistrust and recurring tensions can be explained by this sensitivity. However, even if both sides��� policies were adjusted, vulnerability interdependence would still prevent them from seriously reducing their energy cooperation. It is necessary then to see how EU and Russian energy diplomacy can converge and how their strategic energy partnership can be cemented.

The effect of flow field & geometry on the dynamic contact angle

A number of recent experiments suggest that, at a given wetting speed, the dynamic contact angle formed by an advancing liquid-gas interface with a solid substrate depends on the flow field and geometry near the moving contact line. In the present work, this effect is investigated in the framework of an earlier developed theory that was based on the fact that dynamic wetting is, by its very name, a process of formation of a new liquid-solid interface (newly ���wetted��� solid surface) and hence should be considered not as a singular problem but as a particular case from a general class of flows with forming or/and disappearing interfaces. The results demonstrate that, in the flow configuration of curtain coating, where a liquid sheet (���curtain���) impinges onto a moving solid substrate, the actual dynamic contact angle indeed depends not only on the wetting speed and material constants of the contacting media, as in the so-called slip models, but also on the inlet velocity of the curtain, its height, and the angle between the falling curtain and the solid surface. In other words, for the same wetting speed the dynamic contact angle can be varied by manipulating the flow field and geometry near the moving contact line. The obtained results have important experimental implications: given that the dynamic contact angle is determined by the values of the surface tensions at the contact line and hence depends on the distributions of the surface parameters along the interfaces, which can be influenced by the flow field, one can use the overall flow conditions and the contact angle as a macroscopic multiparametric signal-response pair that probes the dynamics of the liquid-solid interface. This approach would allow one to investigate experimentally such properties of the interface as, for example, its equation of state and the rheological properties involved in the interface���s response to an external torque, and would help to measure its parameters, such as the coefficient of sliding friction, the surface-tension relaxation time, and so on.

Emotional interactions and an ethic of care: caring relations in families affected by HIV and AIDS

In the context of global processes of economic restructuring, the HIV and AIDS epidemic and socio-cultural constructions of care, many women and young people in low-income households have been drawn into caring roles within the family. Drawing on the literature on an ethics of care, emotional geographies and embodiment, this paper examines the emotional dynamics of the caring process in families affected by HIV and AIDS. Based on the perspectives of both ���caregivers��� and ���care-receivers��� from research undertaken in Namibia, Tanzania and the UK, we examine the everyday practices of care that women and young people are engaged in and explore how emotions are performed and managed in caring relationships. Our research suggests caregivers play a crucial role in providing emotional support and reassurance to people with HIV, which in turn often affects caregivers' emotional and physical wellbeing. Within environments where emotional expression is restricted and HIV is heavily stigmatised, caregivers and care-receivers seek to regulate their emotions in order to protect family members from the emotional impacts of a chronic, life-limiting illness. However, whilst caregiving and receiving may lead to close emotional connections and a high level of responsiveness, the intensity of intimate caring relationships, isolation and lack of access to adequate resources can cause tensions and contradictory feelings that may be difficult to manage. These conflicts can severely constrain carers' ability to provide the ���good care��� that integrates the key ethical phases in Tronto's (1993) ideal of the caring process.

A life less ordinary: The ritualization of the domestic sphere in later prehistoric Europe

This article, which is based on the fourteenth McDonald Lecture, considers two tensions in contemporary archaeology. one is between interpretations of specific structures, monuments and deposits as the result of either 'ritual' 'practical' activities in the past, and the other is between an archaeology that focuses on subsistence and adaptation and one that emphasizes cognition, meaning, and agency. It suggests that these tensions arise from an inadequate conception of ritual itself. Drawing on recent studies of ritualization, it suggests that it might be more helpful to consider how aspects of domestic life took on special qualities in later prehistoric Europe. The discussion is based mainly on Neolithic enclosures and other monuments, Bronze Age and Iron Age settlement sites and the Viereckschanzen of central Europe. it may have implications for field archaeology as well as social archaeology, and also for those who study the formation of the archaeological record.

Too much information? : Drama teachers��� perceptions of the value of subject knowledge

This paper reports on research into what drama teachers consider they really need to know as drama specialists. In the first instance the very concept of knowledge is discussed as it pertains to education in the arts as is the current situation in England regarding the extent to which new drama teachers��� subject specialist knowledge has been formally accredited and what the implications of this may be to an evolving curriculum. The research itself initially involved using a questionnaire to investigate the way in which drama teachers prioritised different aspects of professional knowledge. Results of this survey were deemed surprising enough to warrant further investigation through the use of interviews and a multiple-sorting exercise which revealed why the participants prioritised in the way they did. Informed by the work of Bourdieu, Foucault and Kelly, a model is proposed which may help explain the tensions experienced by drama teachers as they try to balance and prioritise different aspects of professional knowledge.

Resilience or resistance? The value of subject knowledge for drama teachers

This paper reports on research undertaken by the author into what secondary school drama teachers think they need to possess in terms of subject knowledge in order to operate effectively as subject specialists. ���Subject knowledge��� is regarded as being multi faceted and the paper reports on how drama teachers prioritise its different aspects. A discussion of what ���subject knowledge��� may be seen to encompass reveals interesting tensions between aspects of professional knowledge that are prescribed by statutory dictate and local context, and those that are valued by individual teachers and are manifest in their construction of a professional identity. The paper proposes that making judgements that associate propositional and substantive knowledge with traditionally held academic values as ���bad��� or ���irrelevant��� to drama education, and what Foucault has coined as ���subjugated knowledge��� (i.e. local, vernacular, enactive knowledge that eludes inscription) as ���good��� and more apposite to the work of all those involved in drama education, fails to reflect the complex matrices of values that specialists appear to hold. While the reported research focused on secondary school drama teachers in England, Bourdieu���s conception of field and habitus is invoked to suggest a model which recognises how drama educators more generally may construct a professional identity that necessarily balances personal interests and beliefs with externally imposed demands.

Training drama teachers: a perspective from England

In England, drama is embedded into the National Curriculum as a part of the programmes of study for the subject of English. This means that all children aged between 5 - 16 in state funded schools have an entitlement to be taught some aspects of the subject. While the manifestation of drama in primary schools is diverse, in a great many schools for students aged between 11 ��� 19, drama and theatre art is taught as a discrete subject in the same way that the visual arts and music are. Students may opt for public examination courses in the subject at ages 16 and 18. In order to satisfy the specifications laid down for such examinations many schools recognise the need for specialist teachers and indeed specialist teaching rooms and equipment. This chapter outlines how drama is taught in secondary schools in England (there being subtle variations in the education systems in the other countries that make up the United Kingdom) and the theories that underpin drama���s place in the curriculum as a subject in its own right and as a vehicle for delivering other aspects of the prescribed curriculum are discussed. The paper goes on to review the way in which drama is taught articulates with the requirements and current initiatives laid down by the government. Given this context, the chapter moves on to explore what specialist subject and pedagogical knowledge secondary school drama teachers need. Furthermore, consideration is made of the tensions that may be seen to exist between the way drama teachers perceive their own identity as subject specialists and the restrictions and demands placed upon them by the education system within which they work. An insight into the backgrounds of those who become drama teachers in England is provided and the reasons for choosing such a career and the expectations and concerns that underpin their training are identified and analysed.