Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in Santa Inês and Morada Nova sheep in southeastern Brazil

2016

Genotypic profile of Pantanal creole sheep regarding susceptibility or resistance to scrapie.

The objective of this work was to determine the genotypic profile specific to scrapie in codons 136, 154, and 171 of the PRNP gene of the Pantanal creole sheep. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 66 sheep, and the regions of interest on the DNA strand were amplified by PCR. Five haplotypes were identified: ARR, alanine, arginine, arginine; ARQ, alanine, arginine, glutamine; AHQ, alanine, histidine, glutamine; ARH, alanine, arginine, histidine; and VRQ, valine, arginine, glutamine. The most common genotypes were ARQ/ARQ (27%) and ARR/ARQ (24%). The genotypic profile of the Pantanal creole sheep shows low to moderate susceptibility.

Ingestive behavior of sheep fed Brazil nut cake in the diet.

Avaliou-se o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos alimentados com níveis de inclusão (0, 15, 30 e 60%) de torta de castanha-do-pará (TC) (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.), na dieta à base de silagem de milho. Foram utilizados 16 cordeiros, sem raça definida e peso médio de 33 ± 6.04 kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente nos quatro tratamentos. Os dados foram analisados quanto à normalidade, submetidos à análise de variância, ajustados em equações de regressão e ao teste de Williams, estimando-se o ponto W. Os consumos voluntários de matéria seca (MS) e fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN), reduziram linearmente (P=0,013 e P=0,002) em 5,0 g e 2,41 g dia-1, respectivamente, para cada 1% de TC inclusa na dieta. O tempo despendido em alimentação (288,75 min dia-1) não foi afetado significativamente, o tempo em ócio cresceu linearmente (P=0,002) em 3,10 minutos, e o tempo gasto em ruminação decresceu (P=0,001) em 2,62 minutos, para cada 1% de inclusão do coproduto. O número de bolos ruminados (NBR) sofreu efeito decrescente (P=0,004) em 4,61 nº dia-1. Quanto às mastigações merícicas, o tempo gasto por bolo (37,5 seg) e o número por bolo (56,14) não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos, mas o tempo total de mastigação (TTM) reduziu linearmente (P=0,002) em 0,05 h dia-1 e o número de mastigações por dia apresentou efeito quadrático (P=0,008), com máximo estimado em 17,5% de TC. A eficiência de ruminação não diferiu entre os tratamentos (101,95 g MS h-1 e 36,76 g FDN h-1) e a eficiência de alimentação (EAL) sofreu redução linear (P=0,045) em 0,42 g FDN h-1, mas foi semelhante para g MS h-1 (172,5). Os consumos diários de MS e FDN apresentaram pontos W estimados em 51,96 e 30,67% de TC, respectivamente. As variáveis NBR, TTM e EAL (g FDN h-1) tiveram os pontos W estimados em 56,64, 56,19 e 56,33% de TC. A torta de castanha-do-pará, em níveis superiores a 56% da MS da dieta, afeta o comportamento ingestivo dos animais, principalmente em variáveis relacionadas à ruminação, sendo que a partir de 30,67% já passa a afetar o consumo de FDN, tendo como principais fatores o teor de extrato etéreo e a fonte de fibra das dietas.

Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of early pregnancy in sheep.

2016

Color Doppler ultrasound as a substitute to laparoscopy for the CL count in superovulated sheep.

This study aimed to evaluate the Color Doppler ultrasound as a substitute for laparoscopy for couting of corpora lutea (CL) in superovulated sheep. In conclusion, the Color Doppler ultrasonography is highly efficient to estimate the number of CLs in superovulated ewes. This represents an important advance because it replaces invasive laparoscopic procedure, avoids fasting, drugs use and unnecessary handling in animals that did not respond to the treatment. Therefore, the Color Doppler ultrasound can replace the laparoscopy for the assessment of superovulated sheep.

Follicular population on the estimation of the superovulatory response in Santa Ines sheep.

The aim was to verify the correlation between follicular population count, superovulatory response and the recovery of viable structures in the in vivo production of sheep embryos. In conclusion, there is a median correlation between follicular population observed by ultrasonography and viable recovered structures after superovulation protocol. Therefore, this tool is not indicated as a screening tool, alone, in the selection of Santa Inês sheep embryo donors.

Follicular wave synchronization on in vivo embryo production in Santa Ines sheep.

This study aimed to evaluate two hormonal protocols for synchronization of follicular wave emergence on in vivo embryo production in Santa Ines sheep under tropical conditions. The greater PRCL rate in GT probably contributed to the smaller number of viable embryos. Thus, it is suggested the appliance indicated the GEm protocol for in vivo embryo production in Santa Ines sheep under tropical conditions.

Qualidade da carne de ovinos puros e cruzados criados no Semiárido Nordestino brasileiro.

Resumo: A procura por carne de qualidade tem proporcionado ao setor de ovinocultura a adoção por técnicas de produção que possam contribuir para disponibilizar ao mercado produtos que atendam as necessidades dos consumidores, que se tornam cada vez mais exigentes quanto à aquisição de produtos que possam trazer benefícios a saúde. Assim, objetivou-se determinar a qualidade da carne de ovinos puros e cruzados criados no semiárido Nordestino. Utilizaram-se 30 cordeiros machos e fêmeas, oriundos dos cruzamentos Morada Nova x Morada Nova, Rabo Largo x Morada Nova e Santa Inês x Morada Nova, alojados em baias e alimentados com dieta a base de capim Canarana, milho farelo de soja e calcário. Os animais foram abatidos com peso médio de 24 kg de peso vivo e as carcaças mantidas em câmara frigorífica a 4?C, por 24 horas. Após esse período, foi seccionado o músculo Longissimus dorsi que foi embalado, identificado e armazenado a 20?C. Foram determinados os atributos físicos de capacidade de retenção de água, perda de peso por cocção e força de cisalhamento; os atributos químicos como umidade, proteína, cinza, lipídios e colesterol; avaliações subjetivas da carcaça como cor, marmoreio, textura da carne, distribuição da gordura, espessura da gordura e área de olho de lombo; os sensoriais de dureza, suculência, sabor, aroma e aceitação global e o perfil de ácidos graxos. O delineamento utilizado foi em esquema fatorial 3x2 (três grupos genéticos e dois sexos) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan a 5%. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre os genótipos para a composição química da carne, exceto para a variável lipídio (p<0,05). Para as características subjetivas da carcaça o genótipo influenciou (p<0,05) nas variáveis cor, marmoreio e textura da carne. O genótipo promoveu efeito (p<0,05) para as características físicas de capacidade de retenção de água e perda de peso por cocção. Os atributos sensoriais não sofreram efeitos (p>0,05) dos genótipos avaliados. Os genótipos influenciaram (p<0,05) as concentrações dos ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poli-insaturados assim como, nas relações ?3:?6 e AGM:AGS. O fator sexo influenciou (p<0,05) nas variáveis umidade, força de cisalhamento, dureza, ácidos graxos desejáveis e relação ?3:?6. O cruzamento entre raças nativas mostrou-se com potencial para a produção de carne de qualidade, a raça Morada Nova melhorou os atributos físico-químicos da carne e em seu perfil lipídico e, o fator sexo melhorou o atributo maciez dando destaque a carne das fêmeas. Abstract: The demand for quality meat products has given the sheep industry sector productions techniques that can contribute providing the market with products that supply the needs of consumers require, who are becoming more demanding as the acquisition of differentiated and bring health benefits. The objective was to evaluate the quality of the pure sheep meat and cross bred in the semiarid Northeast of Brazil. It was used 30 male lambs and female, that came from crosses Morada Nova x Morada Nova, Rabo Largo x Morada Nova and Santa Ines x Morada Nova, housed in pens and fed a diet of grass Canarana, corn soybean meal and limestone. The animals were slaughtered at average weight of 24 kg, live weight, and carcasses kept in refrigeration chamber at 4 ° C for 24 hours. After this period the Longissimus dorsi muscle was selected, packaged, labeled and stored at 20˚C. The physical attributes were determined such as water holding capacity, cooking weight loss and shear force; the chemical attributes such as moisture, protein, ash, lipids and cholesterol; Subjective evaluations such as color, marbling, meat texture, fat distribution, fat thickness and loin eye area; the hardness sensory, juiciness, flavor, aroma and global acceptance and fatty acid profile. The design was a 3x2 factorial arrangement (three genetic groups and two genders) and the measures compared by Duncan test at 5%. There was no difference (p> 0.05) between genotypes for the chemical composition of meat, except for the lipid variable (p <0.05). To the subjective characteristics of the carcass, the genotype influenced (p <0.05) in the variables color, marbling and meat texture. The genotype promoted significant effect (p <0.05) for the physical characteristics, water retention capacity and weight loss on cooking. The sensory attributes did not suffer significant effects (p> 0.05) of the evaluated genotypes. The genotypes influenced (p <0.05) in the concentrations of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated as well as in the relations ω3: ω6 and AGM:AGS. The gender factor influenced (P <0.05) in the variables moisture, shear strength, hardness, desirable fatty acids and relation ω3: ω6. The cross between native breeds showed up with potential for quality meat production, the Morada Nova improved the physical and chemical attributes of the flesh and in their lipid profiles and sex factor improved softness attribute highlighting the meat of females.

Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep.

2016

Effect of ß-Mercaptoetanol and cysteine on post-thawing quality and oxidative activity of ram sperm and on the viability of vitrified sheep embryos.

2016

Effect of heat stress on milk production of goats from Alpine and Saanen breeds in Brazil.

The purpose of this bibliography review was to approach the thermal comfort rates on milk production of goats from Alpine and Saanen breeds in Brazil. The caloric stress caused by weather changes to which the animals are submitted, influence on the mechanisms of normal physiological processes of the body. Thus, the effect on the lactation process in goats can be mentioned, where it decreases the amount of water in the body with the consequent decrease in synthesis and milk ejection interfering in the production of hormone prolactin and growth hormone. The animal?s interaction with the environment must be considered when the aim in livestock farming is welfare, because the different responses of the animal to the peculiarities of each region are crucial for the success of the animal adaptation. So, the correct identification of the factors that influence the productive life of the animal, such as the stress caused by the seasonal fluctuations of the environment, allow production systems management, making it possible to make them sustainable and viable. The maintenance of these parameters in normal levels is very important, to the point of being used in the evaluation of climate adaptability of breeds to a certain environmental condition. In this way, the concerns about animal welfare and environmental comfort are due to the climatic variables and the behavioral, physiological and productive responses are prevailing when implementing the suitability of certain production systems.

Different strategies to estimate genetic parameters for the rank of Santa Ines sheep in agricultural-shows.

2016

The Utilization of Soybean Hulls as Energy Resources on Ration Local Sheep

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soybean hulls as a ration in twenty seven rams. The animal had a mean of live weight of 12.863 ± 1.934 kg. Levels of soybean hulls were 0, 50, and 100 %  or 0,25, and 50 % in ration dry matter basis and rations were  iso-nitrogenous. The experiment were use Completely Randomized Design, data collected was analyzed using analysis of variance and polynomial orthogonal test.  Inclusion of soybean hulls in 50% ration dry matter had no effect on daily live weight gain (90.65±20.88 g), nitrogen, calcium and phosphor balances positive. However, dry matter consumption tended to increase linearly and as soybean hulls level increase in the ration (P<0.01). The digestible energy and NDF significantly decrease linearly (P<0.01), whereas intake of the energy was similar i.e. 122±0.39, 1.44±0.17, and 1.23±0.19 Mcal/day but NDF tended to increase for ration containing 0, 25, 50% of soybean hulls, respectively. The digestible crude protein is significantly quadratic (P<0.01), due to the release of energy and N are synchronized in 25% of soybean hulls in ration dry matter. It was concluded that soybean hulls can be used as a sources of energy and substitute for corn. (Animal Production 3(1): 5-11 (2001) Key Words: Local ram, soybean hulls, live weight gain, digestibility

The Synchronization of Estrous in Sheep and Goats

The review of estrous synchronization was biologically, hormonally, and laserly to studied in the sheep and goat. The observed parameters of the synchronization of estrous in sheep and goat were the onset and the length of estrous. The result of this research shows that the hormonal synchronization of estrous results in the presence of estrous in 30-42 hours after  the withdrawal of the sponges; while in goat it is in the average of  35.13±9.9 hours. Than the length of estrous in sheep was 30-48 hours and in goat the average was 36.00±14.96 hours. The synchronization of estrous by Laserpuncture results in the presence of estrous in goat 43.94-59.75 hours after the given laser beam (Animal Production 2(1): 1-8.Key Words: the synchronization of estrous, sheep, goat.

The Growth of Muscle Cell of Inbred Chicken and Indigeneous Chicken Embryo in The Medium of Rabbit Serum and Sheep Serum

An experiment on the growth embryonic muscle cell in the rabbit and sheep serum media was conducted in the Biotechnology Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The aim of this experiment was to observe the potency of the growth of embryonic muscle cell of the inbred chicken and indigeneous chicken in the medium of rabbit and sheep serum. Two kinds of embryo, the inbred and indigeneous chicken of eleven days old were used in the experiment. The rabbit and the sheep serum were prepared in the laboratory. The experiment was conducted by applying Nested Classification with basic Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Data collected was analyzed using analysis of variance and also using a proliferation index formula. Samples used in those research were the inner and outer cell nucleus after fourty eight hours of the growth. The result of the experiment indicated that the index of proliferation of embryonic muscle cell of the inbred chicken in the rabbit and sheep serum were 89.65 and 84.92 percent respectively. Whereas, the proliferation index of embryonic muscle cell of the indigeneous chicken in the rabbit and sheep serum were 86.20 and 84.82 percent respectively. The total of inner muscle cell nuclei of inbred chicken embryos was significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of indigeneous chicken embryos either in the rabbit or sheep serum, but there was no difference between the serum (P>0.05). inconclusion the muscle cell of inbred and indigeneous chicken embryos could growth in both serum but the growth muscle cell of inbred chicken embryo was better than that of indigeneous chicken embryo. (Animal Production 2(2): 75-82 (2000) Key words : tissue culture, chicken embryos, index proliferation, serum.