Testing for the non-separability of bi-ambiguous compounds

Separability is a concept that is very difficult to define, and yet much of our scientific method is implicitly based upon the assumption that systems can sensibly be reduced to a set of interacting components. This paper examines the notion of separability in the creation of bi-ambiguous compounds that is based upon the CHSH and CH inequalities. It reports results of an experiment showing that violations of the CHSH and CH inequality can occur in human conceptual combination.

The role of non-factorizability in determining "pseudo-classical" non-separability

This article introduces a “pseudo classical” notion of modelling non-separability. This form of non-separability can be viewed as lying between separability and quantum-like non-separability. Non-separability is formalized in terms of the non-factorizabilty of the underlying joint probability distribution. A decision criterium for determining the non-factorizability of the joint distribution is related to determining the rank of a matrix as well as another approach based on the chi-square-goodness-of-fit test. This pseudo-classical notion of non-separability is discussed in terms of quantum games and concept combinations in human cognition.

Semantic oscillations : encoding context and structure in complex valued holographic vectors

In computational linguistics, information retrieval and applied cognition, words and concepts are often represented as vectors in high dimensional spaces computed from a corpus of text. These high dimensional spaces are often referred to as Semantic Spaces. We describe a novel and efficient approach to computing these semantic spaces via the use of complex valued vector representations. We report on the practical implementation of the proposed method and some associated experiments. We also briefly discuss how the proposed system relates to previous theoretical work in Information Retrieval and Quantum Mechanics and how the notions of probability, logic and geometry are integrated within a single Hilbert space representation. In this sense the proposed system has more general application and gives rise to a variety of opportunities for future research.

How quantum theory is developing the field of information retrieval

This position paper provides an overview of work conducted and an outlook of future directions within the field of Information Retrieval (IR) that aims to develop novel models, methods and frameworks inspired by Quantum Theory (QT).

Automata modeling for cognitive interference in users' relevance judgement

Quantum theory has recently been employed to further advance the theory of information retrieval (IR). A challenging research topic is to investigate the so called quantum-like interference in users’ relevance judgement process, where users are involved to judge the relevance degree of each document with respect to a given query. In this process, users’ relevance judgement for the current document is often interfered by the judgement for previous documents, due to the interference on users’ cognitive status. Research from cognitive science has demonstrated some initial evidence of quantum-like cognitive interference in human decision making, which underpins the user’s relevance judgement process. This motivates us to model such cognitive interference in the relevance judgement process, which in our belief will lead to a better modeling and explanation of user behaviors in relevance judgement process for IR and eventually lead to more user-centric IR models. In this paper, we propose to use probabilistic automaton(PA) and quantum finite automaton (QFA), which are suitable to represent the transition of user judgement states, to dynamically model the cognitive interference when the user is judging a list of documents.

A longitudinal study of health-related quality of life, fatigue and physical activity in chronic kidney disease patients

This study assessed the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue and physical activity levels of 28 persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on initial administration of an erythropoietin stimulating agent, and at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. The sample comprised of 15 females and 13 males whose ages ranged from 31 to 84 years. Physical activity was measured using the Human Activity Profile (HAP): Self-care, Personal/Household work, Entertainment/Social, Independent exercise. Quality of life was measured using the SF-36 which gives scores on physical health (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain and general health) and mental health (vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and emotional well-being). Fatigue was measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Across all time points the renal sample engaged in considerably less HAP personal/household work activities and entertainment/social activities compared to healthy adults. The normative sample engaged in three times more independent/exercise activities compared to renal patients. One-way Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated a significant change over time for SF-36 scales of role physical, vitality, emotional well-being and overall mental health. There was a significant difference in fatigue levels over time [F(3,11) = 3.78, p<.05]. Fatigue was highest at baseline and lowest at 6 months. The more breathlessness the CKD patient reported, the fewer activities undertaken and the greater the reported level of fatigue. There were no significant age differences over time for fatigue or physical activity. Age differences were only found for SF-36 mental health at 3 months (t=-2.41, df=14, p<.05). Those younger than 65 years had lower emotional well-being compared to those aged over 65. Males had poorer physical health compared to females at 12 months. There were no significant gender differences on mental health at any time point. In the management of chronic kidney disease, early detection of a person’s inability to engage in routine activities due to fatigue is necessary. Early detection would enable timely interventions to optimise HRQoL and independent exercise.

Corporate sustainability reporting of major commercial banks in line with GRI : Bangladesh evidence

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the tendencies of sustainability reporting by major commercial banks in Bangladesh in comparison with global sustainability reporting indicators outlined in the GRI framework together with banks' predilection toward reporting 16 GRI financial service sector (FSS) specific performance indicators. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the GRI G3 guidelines, the paper investigated banks' reporting in five broad areas of sustainability, such as environment, labour practices and decent works, product responsibility, human rights and society. The 2008/2009 annual reports of 12 major commercial banks listed on Dhaka stock exchange were analysed and coded using a content-based technique. Findings – The results show that information on society is addressed most extensively with regard to extent of reporting. This is followed by the disclosures prepared on decent works and labour practices and environmental issues. Furthermore, the disclosures of product responsibility information and the information for human rights are rather scarce in banks' reporting; on the subject of FSS-specific disclosures, only seven items out of 16 are disclosed by all sample banks. Research limitations/implications – The findings of the study indicate that Bangladeshi commercial banks' social disclosures could develop in this style to become more holistic and over time (in association with the country's central bank involvement) to resemble a type of structured reporting to the point where they are properly labelled per se. Originality/value – The study contributes to the social disclosure literature, in particular in a developing countries banking sector context, seeing as it disseminates evidence of the standing on social disclosures practices at the level of GRI with developing countries' banks data.

Explanation of relevance judgement discrepancy with quantum interference

A key concept in many Information Retrieval (IR) tasks, e.g. document indexing, query language modelling, aspect and diversity retrieval, is the relevance measurement of topics, i.e. to what extent an information object (e.g. a document or a query) is about the topics. This paper investigates the interference of relevance measurement of a topic caused by another topic. For example, consider that two user groups are required to judge whether a topic q is relevant to a document d, and q is presented together with another topic (referred to as a companion topic). If different companion topics are used for different groups, interestingly different relevance probabilities of q given d can be reached. In this paper, we present empirical results showing that the relevance of a topic to a document is greatly affected by the companion topic’s relevance to the same document, and the extent of the impact differs with respect to different companion topics. We further analyse the phenomenon from classical and quantum-like interference perspectives, and connect the phenomenon to nonreality and contextuality in quantum mechanics. We demonstrate that quantum like model fits in the empirical data, could be potentially used for predicting the relevance when interference exists.

Influence of a Counterion on the Ion Atmosphere of an Anion: A Molecular Dynamics Study of LiX and CsX (X = F-, Cl-, I-) in Methanol

We report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the influence of a counterion on the structure and dynamics of cationic and anionic solvation shells for various ions in methanol at 298 K. We show that the variation in ionic size of either the cation or the anion in an ion pair influences the solvation structure of the other ion as well as the diffusivity in an electrolyte solution of methanol. The extent of ionic association between the cation and its counteranion of different ionic sizes has been investigated by analyzing the radial distribution functions (RDFs) and the orientation of methanol molecules in the first solvation shell (FSS) of ions. It is shown that the methanol in the FSS of the anion as well the cation exhibit quite different radial and orientational structures as compared to methanol which lie in the FSS of either the anion or the cation but not both. We find that the coordination number (CN) of F-, Cr-, and I- ions decreases with increasing size of the anion which is contrary to the trend reported for the anions in H2O. The mean residence time (MRT) of methanol molecules in the FSS of ions has been calculated using the stable states picture (SSP) approach. It is seen that the ion-counterion interaction has a considerable influence on the MRT of methanol molecules in the FSS of ions. We also discuss the stability order of the ion-counterion using the potentials of mean force (PMFs) for ion pairs with ions of different sizes. The PMF plots reveal that the Li+-F- pair (small-small) is highly stable and the Li+-I- pair is least stable (small-large) in electrolyte solutions.

A política espacial brasileira

Síntese das contribuições apresentadas no âmbito do estudo promovido pelo Conselho de Altos Estudos, durante ciclo de palestras que contou com a participação de especialistas e diretores de instituições e de empresas vinculadas aos projetos que procuram inserir o Brasil como ator de relevante destaque no cenário internacional de conquista do espaço. Organizado em dois volumes, o estudo visa apurar as razões que levaram à sucessiva postergação das metas e do cronograma previstos no programa Missão Espacial Completa Brasileira, bem como apontar propostas que possam equacionar as dificuldades e limitações do programa espacial no Brasil. Pretende também levar à sociedade brasileira o debate sobre a relevância, os objetivos e a relação entre os custos e os benefícios de se manter um programa de alta intensidade tecnológica, cotejando os investimentos e os riscos envolvidos com os resultados que podem ser alcançados.

Histórico das comissões permanentes da Câmara dos Deputados, 1823-2004

Traz uma síntese histórica das comissões permanentes da Câmara dos Deputados no período de 1823-2004 elaborada com o objetivo de tornar disponível aos parlamentares, à Mesa e aos demais órgãos da casa, aos usuários internos e externos, uma importante fonte de informação sobre o legislativo brasileiro no âmbito da Câmara dos Deputados. O autor realizou pesquisas retrospectivas nos textos de resoluções e demais dispositivos que disciplinaram as atividades de elaboração legislativa na casa, visando estabelecer as bases da síntese histórica, tendo como marco inicial a instalação da Câmara dos Deputados.

Momento de criação : concepção de Brasília e do Congresso Nacional

Contém uma síntese de ideias sobre Brasília e o Congresso Nacional, com foco na Câmara dos Deputados. Tem por intenção explorar as relações entre a cidade e o edifício, de modo a discutir sobre como ambos estão estreitamente associados, a ponto de ser difícil imaginar um apartado do outro.

[Discurso do Deputado Aldo Fagundes : Sessão da Câmara dos Deputados de 13 de setembro de 1976]

Dá conhecimento à Camara dos Deputados do inteiro teor do documento divulgado pelo Instituto dos Arquitetos do Brasil, onde se analisam as distorções sofridas pelo plano original de Brasília. Discorre sobre a importância da presença do homem no Planalto Central brasileiro, reverenciando a memória do ex-Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek na oportunidade em que evoca episódios ligados à fundação da cidade. Manifesta apreensão ante a ameaça de desumanização que paira sobre a comunidade brasiliense, conforme denuncia o referido documento. Enfatiza a necessidade da imediata institucionalização da ação comunitária em Brasília, que auxilie o Poder Público na solução dos problemas sociais que a cidade vem enfrentando. Traz à baila a questão da participação política do povo brasiliense, expondo as tendências que se vão esboçando, de um lado, pela criação de um Conselho Comunitário e, de outro, pela criação de um órgão de representação política propriamente dito, seja Câmara de Vereadores, seja Assembléia Legislativa. Reproduz em síntese as disposições gerais de projeto que apresentou propondo a criação do Conselho Comunitário de Brasília - COBRAS. Divulga o inteiro teor do parecer das Comissões Técnicas da Casa que já se manifestaram sobre o mencionado projeto. Anuncia a posição assumida pelo Presidente da Associação Comercial, Vicente de Paula Araújo, em favor da participação de Brasília nas decisões políticas e administrativas de interesse da cidade.

A imagem pública do Congresso: uma análise político-midiática

Traz um estudo sobre como e por que a imagem pública do Congresso Nacional pode ser vista como cronicamente negativa no senso comum, nas sondagens de opinião pública e nas representações da mídia informativa, bem como nas percepções dos atores políticos. Com esse objetivo, além da síntese de reflexões teóricas que podem ser relacionadas ao campo interdisciplinar da comunicação política, foi realizada uma série de entrevistas qualitativas com 20% dos parlamentares que formavam a Câmara dos Deputados na Legislatura 2003/2007. Embora as conclusões apontem para uma forte conexão entre tal imagem negativa, recorrentes escândalos políticos e questões institucionais de caráter estrutural e conjuntural, há também nesse contexto uma insuficiência de pluralismo político e social que revela um problema maior e mais complexo: a crise da democracia representativa - pois as organizações da sociedade civil não dispõem de canais adequados de participação que permitam a representação equilibrada de suas demandas tanto na mídia quanto no campo político parlamentar.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 009]

A Comissão da Organização dos Poderes e Sistema de Governo da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) realiza debate sobre o papel das instituições brasileiras e a questão da divisão dos poderes em Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário. A Comissão é dividida em três subcomissões: Subcomissão do Poder Legislativo, Subcomissão do Poder Executivo e Subcomissão do Poder Judicário e do Ministério Público. Os senadores Afonso Arinos (PSDB-RJ) e Mário Covas (PSDB-RJ) e os deputados Aldroaldo Streck (PDT-RS) e Victor Faccioni (PDS-RS) debatem sobre o tipo de sistema de governo a ser adotado: Presidencialismo, Parlamentarismo ou o Sistema Misto. O senador José Fogaça (PMDB-RS), em entrevista, relata a preferência dos constituintes em relação ao sistema de governo a ser adotado. O deputado Egídio Ferreira Lima (PMDB-PE), relator da Comissão da Organização dos Poderes e Sistemas de Governo faz uma síntese dos assuntos abordados na Comissão. O deputado Oscar Corrêa (PFL-MG), presidente da Comissão da Organização dos Poderes e Sistema de Governo relata sobre início dos trabalhos.