Circunferência da cintura ou abdominal? uma revisão crítica dos referenciais metodológicos

Embora haja consenso sobre a validade e facilidade do uso da antropometria na classificação da obesidade abdominal, ainda não existe consenso sobre a nomenclatura da medida e os sítios anatômicos para sua obtenção. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar de forma crítica o uso da circunferência da cintura ou abdominal em adultos para aferição da obesidade abdominal. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática a partir de busca em bases de dados indexadas MEDLINE (PubMed) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram revisados artigos publicados no período compreendido entre 2003 e 2009. Quanto à nomenclatura, apesar dos National Institutes Health tratarem circunferência da cintura e abdominal como sinônimos, os pesquisadores internacionais, tem preferido o uso do termo circunferência da cintura. Quanto ao sítio anatômico para a medida, falta ainda consenso entre os pesquisadores e orientação da International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Considerando que os atuais pontos de corte para as populações de origem européia foram elaborados a partir dos sítios anatômicos estabelecidos pela OMS 1989, torna-se razoável a adoção desta referência. Sobre os pontos de corte, a proposta da IDF representa resultado de um consenso internacional e avalizado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia.

Fresh and commercially pasteurized orange juice: an analysis of the metabolism of flavonoid compounds

Orange juice is a rich source of flavonoids, mainly the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin, associated with health benefits in humans. The objective of this study was to analyze the uptake of flavonoids in humans after the consumption of two types of orange juice, fresh squeezed (fresh juice, FJ) and commercially extracted and pasteurized (processed juice, PJ). Preliminary measurements showed that the main flavanones in PJ were approximately three-fold higher than in FJ. This study involved healthy volunteers including 12 men and 12 women, aged 27 ± 6, with a BMI of 24 ± 3 kg/m2. Volunteers drank 11.5 mL/kg body weight of fresh orange juice, and after an interval of 30 days they drank the same quantity of pasteurized orange juice. Urine was collected from each volunteer during 24 hours following juice consumption. Urine metabolites were recovered by solid phase extraction, and measured by HPLC–ESI–MS. Analyses of the urine samples showed high concentrations of glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugates of hesperetin and naringenin. The data indicate that the concentrations of the flavanone metabolites following consumption of PJ were approximately three times higher than for FJ, thus matching the relative doses of these compounds in the juices provided to the volunteers.

Ingestão regular do suco de laranja vermelha reduz pressão arterial de adultos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Proposta de gestão ambiental para o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, campus Teresina Central

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Design de superfície - abordagem qualitativa para fachadas corporativas

This paper reports the stage of a research on the corporate identity in commercial buildings. The objective of the research is to develop a system that aims to help the designer to enhance the transmission of the brand identity on the construction. At this step, we looked for the ascertainment of the variables that contribute to it in buildings considered as icons of brand identification in the building. And this paper also presents an analysis of a flagship located in Tokyo, from the Dior brand, which we used Surface Design techniques, combining cultural studies to geometric modeling, to Gestalt and Semiotics.

Ajustes de metodologia de ensino para atividades de Educação Ambiental considerando a unidade espacial Bacia Hidrográfica

From the concept of Environmental Education proposed by I.U.C.N. in the 1970’s and considering some of the main teaching methodologies adopted in activities regarding Environmental Education, this paper aims to analyze the methodology named Pedagogy of the Project and presenting some alterations of this method, especially in relation to considered study unity: the watershed. Some teaching techniques are also presented, as well as didactic resources and considerations regarding the questions that can be developed for the students within the teaching or evaluation process. This purpose is complementary to others already existents and can be applied in many environmental or socioeconomics situations.

Atividade antiviral de compostos naturais no ciclo replicativo do HCV

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um estudo introdutório da importância da alfabetização científica para o ensino da ciência

This study aimed to reflect on the importance of scientific literacy in science education through São Paulo state curriculum analysis in the area of science pointing possibilities for teaching activities that can envision a better quality teaching. It seeks to understand the importance of science education so that students are able to understand and grasp. In this sense the possibility of a marked formative process in scientific literacy goes beyond just reading and writing, she has for you, the expansion of knowledge in science and technology, so there is an understanding and critical questioning of the nature and the world, thus forming critical and aware citizens, given their role in society. For this work was carried out a literature study on this subject the documentary analysis of the proposed curriculum of the state of São Paulo in science and also the presentation of educational experiences that enhance the physical learning with children

Análise do descritor de padrões mapeados localmente em multiescala para classificação de textura em imagens digitais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Revision of the Neotropical genus Yagra Oiticica (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)

The Castniidae, or butterfly moths, are characteristically colourful diurnal moths, distributed throughout the tropics except in Africa. The Neotropical representatives forage almost exclusively on monocotyledonous plants and many species are crop pests with more than 60% of the Neotropical castniids found or endemic in Brazil. Research studies that focus on taxonomy, systematics, and morphology of this group are scarce. In this study, Yagra Oiticica, a small genus restricted to south-eastern South America, is revised and the diagnostic morphological characters of male and female genitalia are illustrated. This research is part of long-term study on the Castniidae for future phylogenetic analysis.

Lipid levels in the second year of life among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected Latin American children

Background: Dyslipidemia is observed among older children and adults with HIV. We examined nonfasting cholesterol and triglycerides in two groups of 12-23-month-old Latin American children - HIV-infected vs. HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU). Methods: HIV-infected and HEU children in Latin America and Jamaica were enrolled in an observational cohort. Eligibility for this analysis required having cholesterol and triglyceride results available during the second year of life. Results: HIV-infected (n = 83) children were slightly older at the time of lipid testing than the HEU (n 681). Forty percent of the HIV-infected children were on protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (ART); 41% were not on ART. There was no statistically significant difference in mean cholesterol concentrations (mg/dl) by HIV status; however, the HIV-infected children had higher mean triglyceride concentrations. The prevalence of high cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) and high triglycerides (>110 mg/dl) was higher among the HIV-infected vs. HEU. Among the HIV-infected children, mean cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations varied by ART. Children receiving no ART had a significantly lower mean cholesterol concentration. Those receiving protease inhibitor-containing ART had a significantly higher mean triglyceride concentration compared to the other two antiretroviral regimen groups. Conclusion: A greater proportion of HIV-infected children at 12-23 months have hyperlipidemia when compared to HEU children, with the highest triglyceride concentrations observed among those receiving protease inhibitor-containing ART, and the lowest cholesterol levels among those not receiving ART. Implications of these findings will require continued follow-up of HIV-infected children who initiate therapy early in life. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Comparison of Celsior and Perfadex lung preservation solutions in rat lungs subjected to 6 and 12 hours of ischemia using an ex-vivo lung perfusion system

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the performance of lungs that were preserved with different solutions (Celsior, Perfadex or saline) in an ex vivo rat lung perfusion system. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were anesthetized, anticoagulated and randomized into three groups (n = 20). The rats were subjected to antegrade perfusion via the pulmonary artery with Perfadex, Celsior, or saline, followed by 6 or 12 hours of ischemia (4 degrees C, n = 10 in each group). Respiratory mechanics, gas exchange and hemodynamics were measured at 10-minute intervals during the reperfusion of heart-lung blocks in an ex vivo system (IL2-Isolated Perfused Rat or Guinea Pig Lung System, Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, Massachusetts, USA; Hugo Sachs Elektronik, Germany) for 60 minutes. The lungs were prepared for histopathology and evaluated for edema following reperfusion. Group comparisons were performed using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test with a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Gas exchange was not significantly different between lungs perfused with either Perfadex or Celsior at the same ischemic times, but it was very low in lungs that were preserved with saline. Airway resistance was greater in the lungs that were preserved for 12 hours. Celsior lungs that were preserved for 6 and 12 hours exhibited lower airway resistance (p = 0.01) compared to Perfadex lungs. Pulmonary artery pressure was not different between the groups, and no significant differences in histopathology and apoptosis were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lungs that were preserved with Celsior or Perfadex exhibited similar gas exchange and histopathological findings. Airway resistance was slightly lower in the Celsior-preserved lungs compared with the Perfadex-preserved lungs.

Exercise training prevents diastolic dysfunction induced by metabolic syndrome in rats

OBJECTIVE: High fructose consumption contributes to the incidence of metabolic syndrome and, consequently, to cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated whether exercise training prevents high fructose diet-induced metabolic and cardiac morphofunctional alterations. METHODS: Wistar rats receiving fructose overload (F) in drinking water (100 g/l) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill (FT) for 10 weeks or kept sedentary. These rats were compared with a control group (C). Obesity was evaluated by the Lee index, and glycemia and insulin tolerance tests constituted the metabolic evaluation. Blood pressure was measured directly (Windaq, 2 kHz), and echocardiography was performed to determine left ventricular morphology and function. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Fructose overload induced a metabolic syndrome state, as confirmed by insulin resistance (F: 3.6 +/- 0.2 vs. C: 4.5 +/- 0.2 mg/dl/min), hypertension (mean blood pressure, F: 118 +/- 3 vs. C: 104 +/- 4 mmHg) and obesity (F: 0.31 +/- 0.001 vs. C: 0.29 +/- 0.001 g/mm). Interestingly, fructose overload rats also exhibited diastolic dysfunction. Exercise training performed during the period of high fructose intake eliminated all of these derangements. The improvements in metabolic parameters were correlated with the maintenance of diastolic function. CONCLUSION: The role of exercise training in the prevention of metabolic and hemodynamic parameter alterations is of great importance in decreasing the cardiac morbidity and mortality related to metabolic syndrome.

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in stable preterm newborns

Objective: To observe the behavior of the plotted vectors on the RXc (R - resistance - and Xc - reactance corrected for body height/length) graph through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIVA) and phase angle (PA) values in stable premature infants, considering the hypothesis that preterm infants present vector behavior on BIVA suggestive of less total body water and soft tissues, compared to reference data for term infants. Methods: Cross-sectional study, including preterm neonates of both genders, in-patients admitted to an intermediate care unit at a tertiary care hospital. Data on delivery, diet and bioelectrical impedance (800 mA, 50 kHz) were collected. The graphs and vector analysis were performed with the BIVA software. Results: A total of 108 preterm infants were studied, separated according to age (< 7 days and >= 7 days). Most of the premature babies were without the normal range (above the 95% tolerance intervals) existing in literature for term newborn infants and there was a tendency to dispersion of the points in the upper right quadrant, RXc plan. The PA was 4.92 degrees (+/- 2.18) for newborns < 7 days and 4.34 degrees (+/- 2.37) for newborns >= 7 days. Conclusion: Premature infants behave similarly in terms of BIVA and most of them have less absolute body water, presenting less fat free mass and fat mass in absolute values, compared to term newborn infants.

MICROSATELLITE LOCI FOR TUCUMA OF AMAZONAS (ASTROCARYUM ACULEATUM) AND AMPLIFICATION IN OTHER ARECACEAE

Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed for tucuma of Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum), and cross-species amplification was performed in six other Arecaceae, to investigate genetic diversity and population structure and to provide support for natural populations management. Methods and Results: Fourteen microsatellite loci were isolated from a microsatellite-enriched genomic library and used to characterize two wild populations of tucuma of Amazonas (Manaus and Manicore cities). The investigated loci displayed high polymorphism for both A. aculeatum populations, with a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.498. Amplification rates ranging from 50% to 93% were found for four Astrocaryum species and two additional species of Arecaceae. Conclusions: The information derived from the microsatellite markers developed here provides significant gains in conserved allelic richness and supports the implementation of several molecular breeding strategies for the Amazonian tucuma.