Mudança social e cultural no Brasil nos últimos 50 anos: cenário e perspectivas para a melhoria do ensino público

Thinking about improving public education in Brazil means thinking not just what we wish to develop competencies and skills in individuals, but understands clearly identify the type of citizens who are training and what kind of society we want for the future. So if there are social and cultural changes they should have their comtraponto within the classroom considering education steeped in culture and therefore in the forms of modern communication. The challenge for school education is to show the students inside the classroom, as will be outside.

A taxa de câmbio do Brasil é válida no longo prazo?

The objective of this study was to test the validity of the real exchange rate in the long run. For that five tests were performed based on equation, which relates to real exchange rate, international trade, domestic income. The main difference is that the tests when we are working with quarterly data, the parameters are significantly different from zero – i.e., the variables real exchange rate, international trade, domestic income and net exports on long term relationship – and, moreover, the signs are as expected. This implies that it is possible to increase exports with currency devaluation. Thus, based on data and tests that work we conclude that the exchange rate is an important instrument of trade policy, given that devaluations are valid even in the long term.

Cenário e perspectivas para a melhoria do ensino público no Brasil: mídia, cultura e educação

Thinking about improving public education in Brazil means thinking not only on what we wish to develop, skills and abilities in individuals, but understand and clearly identify the type of citizens we are devoloping and what kind of society we want for the future. In this context it is important to note that the practice in the classroom today can not be considered without regard to education steeped in culture and, therefore, in the forms of modern communication. So if there is a crisis in education, it can not be solved only within the classroom. The challenge for school education is to show students within the classroom how they will be out of school. Quality education is a blueprint for the future, to the unknown, to a world we do not know now. In this sense, to direct the education only for the labor market is a mistake, because the market is so today, but may be another in ten or fifteen years. Precisely because we do not know what are the requirements for citizens of the future, we must focus on what is essential in the formation of our youth. Is essential then to understand the ideas, learn to discuss them, argue and learn to recognize the role of technology in social and cultural evolution of mankind.

Estrutura e desempenho das agropecuárias em dois países emergentes: um estudo comparativo entre Brasil e China

The paper compares the evolution of the brasilian and chinese agriculture emphasizing the post II World War period. It tries to show the structural changes in the agriculture in both countries and characterizing the dynamics of them. For both countries, the effort of industrialization after 1945 meant to sacrify the agriculture to a second plan. In the 1970’ Brazil and China begin to modernize their agriculture and adjust it to new challangers put by the necessity of guarantee the food security. The paper concludes that, in spite of some present problems, both countries face adequately the defiance on their agriculture.

Fronteiras nas Américas: tamanho e composição dos domicílios rurais no oeste do Brasil e EUA na primeira metade do século XIX

The study of the size and composition of the rural household in tradicional societies in transition to modern ones is very useful as a tool in order to understand forms and organizations of the domestic groups and their possibilities of survival, social mobility e developing strategies of material accumulation. The aim of this article is to compare the size and composition of the rural households in the frontier regions of the Americas: the northwest and southwest of U.S.A with the southwest of São Paulo province in Brazil. The findings are surprising in comparative perspective, as the mean size of the American households were very high in relation to the brazilian ones. The sources used in this research are the manuscript census of the U.S.A and Brazil.

O desenvolvimento da indústria farmacêutica no Brasil e na Índia: um estudo comparativo

The article shows how the development of the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil and India occurred, and why the industry in these two countries, which until the 1970s were much alike, today show significant differences. The historical analysis of the trajectories of the industries in both countries showed that the Indian industry has a higher technological content, due to, among others, the efficiency of public policies implemented since the 1970s, which were aimed at improving not only production, but also the technological development.

Políticas Industriais e de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação na Irlanda: ênfase em setores de alta tecnologia e comparação com o Brasil

From a theoretical foundation favorable to industrial policies, this paper intends to show the main policies followed by Ireland since the 1950s, with a special emphasis on those directed to Science, Technology and Innovation (S,T&I), FDI and high tech sectors, like software and biotechnology. We compare these policies with those used in Brazil, in a similar period, in order to have some hints for virtual transformations of current Brazilian policies. We conclude that the compromise of the State with the direction of the development and the continu-ity of industrial policies is very important to a solid building of comparative advantages in technologically dynamic sectors.

As políticas educacionais do Brasil: a (in)visibilidade da sexualidade e das relações de gênero

The present study, theoretical, aims to talk about educational policies in Brazil, aiming to unveil what they say these policies, the legitimacy and visibility that give coverage of sexuality in schools. Both sexuality and gender relations have gained attention in a Brazilian educational research in the mid-90th century. These policies have been the National Curricular Parameters (PCN). They present the cross-cutting themes: ethics, health, environment, cultural diversity and sexual orientation, which should be integrated into conventional areas of the school said. Another document of this same decade of education is the National Education Plan (PNE), however this encompasses so hidden sexuality and gender relations. In fact, both the new Law of Directives and Bases (LDB), the PNE in these subjects are veiled. An interesting initiative is happening in Brazil is the project Gender and Sexual Diversity (GDE) for the training of professionals in education issues of gender, sexuality and sexual orientation and ethnic-racial relations, is entering the national perspective of implementation public policy of equality and respect for diversity. However, much remains to be done thinking about the effectiveness of public policies that are effective with respect to space and visibility for the treatment of sexuality. We must also articulate the integration of these themes in these policies, strategies to raise awareness of education professionals in order to secure that they are actually implemented.

Notas preliminares sobre historiografia da educação sexual brasileira: apontamentos de uma cronologia descritiva: 1) Atitudes e comportamentos sexuais no brasil nos documentos da inquisição dos séculos XVI e XVII

Te authors intend to present the history o Brazilian education as an important

Organizações sindicais, Estado e sociedade civil no Brasil

During a long historical process of over a century, the trade union movement gathered a significant amount of achievements. The limits and the extent of these achievements cannot be dissociated form the complex relations between State and civil society in Brazil.

A formação do cidadão moderno: a seleção cultural para a escola primária nos manuais de Pedagogia (Brasil e Portugal, 1870–1920)

This article seeks to understand the production of the modern school in Brazil and Portugal at the turn of the 20th century. The analysis falls on the pedagogical knowledge constituted around school programs disseminated in pedagogical manuals at the Normal Schools in Brazil and Portugal. The study uses three teacher training manuals as source of information: Curso pratico de pedagogia destinado aos alunos-mestres das escholas normaes primarias e aos instituidores em exercício (1874), by Mr. Daligault; Elementos de Pedagogia para servirem de guia aos candidatos ao magistério primário (1870), by José Maria da Graça Affreixo and Henrique Freire; and Lições de metodologia (1920), by Bernardino da Fonseca Lage.

A educação rural no México como referência para o Brasil

In the 1940’s and 1950’s the Brazilian government implemented various policies towards the development of rural education adopting innovative orientations experienced in other iberoamerican countries. This article covers a study on the circulation and appropriation of education models seeking to apprehend the implications of the comparative operations by questioning the national processes in their interrelationship with much more ample phenomena of internationalization and globalization. The article uses as source of analysis the document entitled “Rural Education in Mexico” elaborated by Manoel Bergstrom Lourenço Filho, in 1951, and later published in a Brazilian Magazine of Pedagogical Studies, in 1952. The article discusses the narrative construction of this report and the comparing operations which Lourenço Filho has undertook presenting the Mexican education as a model.

A construção da participação democrática na província da Catalunha (Espanha) e no Brasil: clivagens e consensos

The article searches to launch some analyses and investigations on the historical reach of produced participative processes in Spain and Brazil. Evidently, both the processes if had uncurled in historical, social, economic contexts and distinct politicians, but, exactly thus, keep some approaches that we intend to give prominence in the present article. For example, the popular mobilization in the two presented cases after occurred a long period of not attendance of social demands socials. In the same way, the processes of democratic renewal of both are related with historical landmarks “end of the cold war” and the dismantlement of the State of well-being that introduced new rationalists in the relation between governing and governed dynamic, over all in the coinage and offer of public politics. How much to the dismantlement of the State of social welfare, we present, still, that in the case of Spain occurred a decentralization of its formulator power to decide arrangement of public politics that started to count on the participation of social actors in the called relational city (BECERRA, 2011). In the case of Brazil, the dictatorial period (1964-1985), the fast urban growth and the generation of precarious peripheries in the main cities, the distension and the Constituent (1986-1988) had generated the enough forces of pressure so that, gradually, if it incorporated the participative arrangement in the power to decide process. We identify that in both the cases, kept the had ratios, the instauration of a critical scene of suppression/absence of formulated public politics from an interface with the social movements were the propeller spring of the transformations in the power to decide mechanisms of formularization and implementation of public politics.