934 resultados para Recursive Partitioning and Regression Trees (RPART)


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Para determinar el efecto de la carga frutal sobre el peso de frutos y la distribución de calibres se realizó un ensayo en durazneros variedades Bowen, Andross y Ross. Árboles en plena producción, conducidos en vaso tipo californiano e implantados a 6x5 m fueron raleados manualmente 20 días después de iniciado el endurecimiento de carozo. La carga frutal quedó establecida en el rango de 750 a 1 350 frutos/planta en Bowen y Ross y entre 850 y 1400 frutos/planta en Andross. Se realizaron evaluaciones de tamaño final de frutos, producción total y producción destinada a mitades. En las tres variedades se estableció un alto grado de correlación entre la carga frutal y los tres parámetros de evaluación y se observó una respuesta similar a diferentes niveles de carga frutal. A medida que se incrementó la carga frutal, se lograron aumentos en la producción total, aunque disminuyó el peso de frutos. La producción destinada a mitades aumentó en relación con la carga frutal, hasta alcanzar valores máximos con cargas de 1 150 frutos/planta. Luego se estabilizó y, superado un valor crítico en la carga frutal, empezó a disminuir. Para todo el rango de carga utilizado, el peso de frutos y la producción total fueron mayores en Ross. Esta variedad también logró los máximos valores de producción destinada a mitades. Andross superó a Bowen en los tres parámetros evaluados.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

El presente ensayo fue establecido en el Alto Valle del Río Negro, Argentina (38°55´ Sur), sobre durazneros cv. Elegant Lady conducidos en vaso, de 5 m de altura, con un distanciamiento de 4 m entre plantas y 4,8 m entre filas. Se realizaron tres tratamientos en un diseño totalmente aleatorizado, simulando diferentes intensidades de luz: restricción lumínica con mallas de sombreo del 80%, poda en verde y un control sin intervención. En cada una de las plantas se diferenciaron 4 sectores orientados hacia los 4 puntos cardinales y 3 alturas distintas de la copa del árbol. La radiación fotosintéticamente activa (RFA) fue medida en cada sector 25, 15 y 6 días antes de la cosecha. La RFA interceptada estuvo influenciada por la restricción lumínica y por la altura. Las variables vegetativas y de producción se relacionaron entre sí linealmente, y ambas dependieron principalmente de la RFA interceptada. Los modelos que explican el comportamiento entre la RFA y las variables de calidad son de tipo asintóticos. A partir de los 25 días anteriores a la cosecha, la RFA necesaria para alcanzar frutos con un peso y color adecuados para su comercialización debe ser del 30%. En el rango de 0 a 15% de RFA interceptada, pequeñas variaciones de RFA dan como resultado grandes cambios en las variables de peso, color de cobertura e intensidad de color del fruto.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Los bosques de Maytenus boaria Mol. (maitén) se distribuyen en Mendoza en el borde oriental de la Cordillera Frontal en el Dpto. de San Carlos y constituyen valiosos relictos. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el estado de conservación de estos bosques en umbría y solana entre 1500 y 1640 m s.n.m. en quebradas de esta cordillera. Para ello se relevó el número de individuos por clase diamétrica (adultos, jóvenes y renovales) y sus características de vitalidad-deterioro. Los bosques relevados se presentan esquemáticamente mediante perfiles que sintetizan su fisonomía, principales características ambientales y la presencia de disturbios. Si se considera la totalidad de los adultos de las poblaciones inventariadas (100 maitenes) sólo 19% están sanos, 50% débiles, 17% decrépitos y 14% muertos en pie; esto reflejaría algún tipo de estrés que reduce su vitalidad o que estarían alcanzando la vejez. La causa del deterioro en jóvenes y renovales se debe al ataque por insectos y/o por ramoneo del ganado; debido al alto deterioro medio de los renovales (65%) y jóvenes (88%) la renovación del bosque es incierta. Se concluye que es necesario iniciar la conservación de estos bosques y profundizar en su conocimiento. Se trata del primer estudio de bosques de maitén en las quebradas de la Cordillera Frontal de Mendoza.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Los ecosistemas proveen de servicios ambientales necesarios para la satisfacción de las necesidades tanto materiales, como no materiales de los seres humanos. Aportan al crecimiento económico y también a otros aspectos intangibles, que hacen al bienestar humano. Este flujo de bienes y servicios es vital para la economía. Los ecosistemas rurales, satisfacen las necesidades humanas y generan bienestar, incidiendo directamente sobre calidad de vida de las personas. En Argentina, existen conflictos sociales, económicos y ecológicos estrechamente relacionados. Por ello, no es correcto separar la sociedad de la naturaleza y tratar los problemas como si existieran escindidos. Por este motivo se recurre a la valoración de los ecosistemas y del medio ambiente, como instrumento preventivo ante posibles amenazas que vienen alterando el funcionamiento y la estructura de los ecosistemas rurales, por medio de estrategias y políticas sostenidas para el tratamiento y corrección de esta situación. Mendoza es considerada actualmente en un lugar destacado a nivel turístico. Teniendo en cuenta los caminos del vino y la Fiesta Nacional de la Vendimia. Actividades distintivas de la identidad provincial y de sus pobladores. En la última década, el departamento de Maipú ha sufrido una notoria pérdida de tierras agrícolas que se destinaron a la urbanización. Los problemas típicos de la ciudad ya han alcanzado a las zonas rurales. La inseguridad alcanzada, es un claro ejemplo de ésta situación. La elección del territorio de estudio, surgió al analizar el avance urbano en los censos 2001 y 2010, en zonas agrícolas representativas de Mendoza. Se observó que el departamento de Maipú obtuvo un incremento poblacional del 93%. Siendo el mismo, el departamento del Gran Mendoza, con mayor crecimiento de la última década. Además se tuvo en cuenta que Maipú es uno de los departamentos más importantes en el aspecto agrícola de la provincia, conocido como la cuna del vino y del olivo. Se toma como referencia la opinión de habitantes de un departamento que ha sufrido este cambio más recientemente para calificar el avance urbano y pérdida de servicios ambientales en zonas agrícolas de toda la provincia de Mendoza. La presente investigación se centra en el estudio de la provisión de servicios ambientales, por parte de los ecosistemas rurales de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Se estudia la valoración social de los beneficios ambientales y sociales que la sociedad maipucina, le otorga a las zonas agrícolas de Mendoza. Se realiza a través de entrevistas enmarcadas en una técnica de Valoración Contingente en la que se obtienen resultados para el análisis de la Valoración Social de los servicios ambientales, sin llegar al análisis de una Valoración Económica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una preferencia de los habitantes de Maipú hacia paisajes naturales y agrícolas. Se sienten beneficiados y atraídos por la sensación de bienestar, otorgándoles valor social de existencia. Sin embrago, se percibe que están siendo afectados por problemas típicos de un paisaje urbanizado como lo son la contaminación visual, sonora y la pérdida de servicios ambientales como lo son la belleza escénica y la cultura mendocina. Los datos obtenidos de las encuestas quedan a disposición como herramienta para la toma de decisiones y para la correcta aplicación de la Ley 8051 de Ordenamiento Territorial y Uso del Suelo en Mendoza.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Aqueous dihydrogen (H2,aq) is produced in copious amounts when seawater interacts with peridotite and H2O oxidizes ferrous iron in olivine to ferric iron in secondary magnetite and serpentine. Poorly understood in this process is the partitioning of iron and its oxidation state in serpentine, although both impose an important control on dihydrogen production. We present results of detailed petrographic, mineral chemical, magnetic and Mößbauer analyses of partially to fully serpentinized peridotites from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 209, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) 15°N area. These results are used to constrain the fate of iron during serpentinization and are compared with phase equilibria considerations and peridotite-seawater reaction path models. In samples from Hole 1274A, mesh-rims reveal a distinct in-to-out zoning from brucite at the interface with primary olivine, followed by a zone of serpentine + brucite ± magnetite and finally serpentine + magnetite in the outermost mesh-rim. The compositions of coexisting serpentine (Mg# 95) and brucite (Mg# 80) vary little throughout the core. About 30-50% of the iron in serpentine/brucite mesh-rims is trivalent, irrespective of subbasement depth and protolith (harzburgite versus dunite). Model calculations suggest that both partitioning and oxidation state of iron are very sensitive to temperature and water-to-rock ratio during serpentinization. At temperatures above 330 °C the dissolution of olivine and coeval formation of serpentine, magnetite and dihydrogen depends on the availability of an external silica source. At these temperatures the extent of olivine serpentinization is insufficient to produce much hydrogen, hence conditions are not reducing enough to form awaruite. At T < 330 °C, hydrogen generation is facilitated by the formation of brucite, as dissolution of olivine to form serpentine, magnetite and brucite requires no addition of silica. The model calculations suggest that the iron distribution observed in serpentine and brucite is consistent with formation temperatures ranging from <150 to 250 °C and bulk water-to-rock ratios between 0.1 and 5. These conditions coincide with peak hydrogen fugacities during serpentinization and are conducive to awaruite formation during main stage serpentinization. The development of the common brucite rims around olivine is either due to an arrested reaction olivine -> brucite -> serpentine + brucite, or reflects metastable olivine-brucite equilibria developing in the strong gradient in silica activity between orthopyroxene (talc-serpentine) and olivine (serpentine-brucite).

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Previous pollen analytical studies on sediments from the pleistocene lake basin at Samerberg, situated on the northern edge of the Bavarian Alps (47°45' N, 12°12' E, 607 m a.s.l.) had been performed on samples taken from cores and exposures close to the southern shore of the former lake. After geoelectric and refraction-seismic measurements had shown that the lake basin had been much deeper in its northern part, another core was taken where maximum depth could be expected. The corer penetrated three moraines, two of them lying above pollen-bearing sediments, and one below them, and reached the hard rock (Kössener Kalk) at a depth of 93 m. Two forest phases could be identified by pollen analysis. The pollen record begins abruptly in a forest phase at the end of a spruce-dominated period when fir started to spread (DA 1, DA = pollen zone). Following this, Abies (fir) was the main tree species at Samerberg, Picea being second, and deciduous trees were almost non-existent. First box (Buxus) was of major importance in the fir forests (DA 2), but later on beech (Fagus) and wing-nut (Pterocarya) spread (DA 3). Finally this forest gave way to a spruce forest with pine (DA 4). The beginning and the end of this interglacial cycle are not recorded. Its vegetational development is different from the eemian one known from earlier studies at Samerberg. It is characterized by the occurrence of Abies together with Buxus, Pterocarya and Fagus. A similar association of woody species is known only from the Holsteinian age deposits in an area ranging from England to Poland, though at no other place these species were such important constituents of the vegetation as at Samerberg. Therefore zone 1 to 4 are attributed to the Holsteinian interglacial period. The younger forest phase, separated from the interglacial by a stadial with open vegetation (DA 5), seems to be completely represented, though its sediments are disturbed, apparently by sliding which caused repetition of same-age-sediments in the core (DA 7a, b, c) The vegetational development is simple. A juniper phase (DA 6) was followed by reforestation with spruce, accompanied by some fir (DA 7, 9). Finally pine became the dominant species (DA 9). The simple vegetational development of this younger forest phase does not allow a safe correlation with one of the known pre-eemian interstadials, but for stratigraphical reasons it can be related best to the Dömnitz-interglacial, which among others is also known as Wacken- or Holstein-II-interglacial. Possibly another phase of reforestation is indicated at the end of the following stadial (DA 10). But due to an erosional unconformity nothing than the rise of the juniper curve can be stated. It was only after this sequence of forest phases and periods with open vegetation that glaciers reached the Samerberg area again.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Oxygen-deficient waters in the ocean, generally referred to as oxygen minimum zones (OMZ), are expected to expand as a consequence of global climate change. Poor oxygenation is promoting microbial loss of inorganic nitrogen (N) and increasing release of sediment-bound phosphate (P) into the water column. These intermediate water masses, nutrient-loaded but with an N deficit relative to the canonical N:P Redfield ratio of 16:1, are transported via coastal upwelling into the euphotic zone. To test the impact of nutrient supply and nutrient stoichiometry on production, partitioning and elemental composition of dissolved (DOC, DON, DOP) and particulate (POC, PON, POP) organic matter, three nutrient enrichment experiments were conducted with natural microbial communities in shipboard mesocosms, during research cruises in the tropical waters of the southeast Pacific and the northeast Atlantic. Maximum accumulation of POC and PON was observed under high N supply conditions, indicating that primary production was controlled by N availability. The stoichiometry of microbial biomass was unaffected by nutrient N:P supply during exponential growth under nutrient saturation, while it was highly variable under conditions of nutrient limitation and closely correlated to the N:P supply ratio, although PON:POP of accumulated biomass generally exceeded the supply ratio. Microbial N:P composition was constrained by a general lower limit of 5:1. Channelling of assimilated P into DOP appears to be the mechanism responsible for the consistent offset of cellular stoichiometry relative to inorganic nutrient supply and nutrient drawdown, as DOP build-up was observed to intensify under decreasing N:P supply. Low nutrient N:P conditions in coastal upwelling areas overlying O2-deficient waters seem to represent a net source for DOP, which may stimulate growth of diazotrophic phytoplankton. These results demonstrate that microbial nutrient assimilation and partitioning of organic matter between the particulate and the dissolved phase are controlled by the N:P ratio of upwelled nutrients, implying substantial consequences for nutrient cycling and organic matter pools in the course of decreasing nutrient N:P stoichiometry.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Nuts are heavy and nutritious seeds that need animals to be successfully dispersed. Most studies address nut removal by a single animal species once seeds fall onto the ground. However, nuts are also accessible before the seed drop and usually to a wide guild of seed foragers. This study examines the factorscontrollingarborealseedremoval in oak–beechforests within the whole guild of nut foragers. We found that seed-dispersing rodents (Apodemus sylvaticus) were the main acorn removers in the oaks (up to 3.75 m height), with a rapid seed encounter and a high removal rate. However, rodents did not climb the beech trees, probably due to their smoother bark in comparison to oak bark and/or the lower nutritional value of beechnuts with regard to acorns. Jays (Garrulus glandarius) were more abundant in oak stands (both dense and scattered) and clearly preferred acorns to beechnuts whereas nuthatches (Sitta europaea) were more abundant in beech stands and preferred beechnuts to acorns. Non-storing birds such as great tits (Parus major) also removed acorns and beechnuts, especially in the stands where oaks are dominant. Jays and rodents preferred sound seeds over insect-infested seeds but such a preference was not found for nuthatches. This study highlights that pure beech stands showed a reduced guild of arboreal nut foragers in comparison to oak stands. This different guild could probably affect the spatial patterns of seed dispersal, with a proportionally higher number of long dispersal events for acorns (mostly jay-dispersed) than for beechnuts (mostly nuthatch-dispersed). Long-distance dispersal of beechnuts (by jays) is determined by the presence of other preferred species (oaks) and their frequency of non-mast years. Seed location in different habitats strongly determines the contribution of different arboreal removers (including climbing rodents) and their removal speed, leading to a differential seed fate that will eventually affect tree regeneration. As nuthatches are sedentary birds, it is important to maintain old and dead trees where they can breed (crevices), forage (arthropods) and store seeds in order to favor beechnut dispersal and gene flow. By maintaining or favoring oak trees within beech stands we will ensure a wider guild of arboreal nut dispersers.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Background The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a highly appreciated European aquaculture species. Growth related traits constitute the main goal of the ongoing genetic breeding programs of this species. The recent construction of a consensus linkage map in this species has allowed the selection of a panel of 100 homogeneously distributed markers covering the 26 linkage groups (LG) suitable for QTL search. In this study we addressed the detection of QTL with effect on body weight, length and Fulton's condition factor. Results Eight families from two genetic breeding programs comprising 814 individuals were used to search for growth related QTL using the panel of microsatellites available for QTL screening. Two different approaches, maximum likelihood and regression interval mapping, were used in order to search for QTL. Up to eleven significant QTL were detected with both methods in at least one family: four for weight on LGs 5, 14, 15 and 16; five for length on LGs 5, 6, 12, 14 and 15; and two for Fulton's condition factor on LGs 3 and 16. In these LGs an association analysis was performed to ascertain the microsatellite marker with the highest apparent effect on the trait, in order to test the possibility of using them for marker assisted selection. Conclusions The use of regression interval mapping and maximum likelihood methods for QTL detection provided consistent results in many cases, although the high variation observed for traits mean among families made it difficult to evaluate QTL effects. Finer mapping of detected QTL, looking for tightly linked markers to the causative mutation, and comparative genomics are suggested to deepen in the analysis of QTL in turbot so they can be applied in marker assisted selection programs.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Se plantea la posible demanda en un futuro del transporte de grandes plataformas petrolíferas semisumergibles de más de 70.000 t de peso, para perforaciones a más de 10.000 pies de profundidad. Estudia la estabilidad de buques Heavy Lift Carrier con mangas atípicas, capaces de transportar estas cargas, y en algunos casos sobresaliendo por sus amuras. Para esto se: 1. Estudia y genera posibles carenas, su compartimentación y lastre para la inmersión o emersión de la cubierta de intemperie, a más de 10 m de profundidad para tomar o dejar la carga, optimizando el proceso. 2. Analiza la estabilidad del buque tanto en inmersión/emersión y navegación, con máximas cargas y con altos centros de gravedad, y establece ábacos de estabilidad límite en función de los parámetros del buque. 3. Plantea la corrección de estabilidad excesiva del buque en condiciones de navegación para evitar las excesivas aceleraciones. Los resultados obtenidos aportan ábacos que permiten, en función de los parámetros carga a transportar (Zg max) - Peso Carga), elegir el buque más adecuado, capaz de efectuar la inmersión, emersión, y navegación, y plantea acciones futuras de investigación. ABSTRACT This work raises the potential demand in the future, to transport large semisubmersible oil rigs over 70,000 tonnes of weight for drilling to 10,000 feet deep. Study vessel stability Heavy Lift Carrier with atypical breadths capable of carrying these burdens, and in some cases standing out for their bows. 1. Examines possible hulls, their partitioning and ballast for immersion or emersion of the weather deck, more than 10 m deep to take –loading (lifting) - or leave (off- loading). 2. Analyzes the stability of the vessel both immersion / emersion and navigation, with maximum loads with high centers of gravity and stability limit states abacus according to the parameters of the ship. 3. Correction raises the stability of the ship over navigation to prevent excessive accelerations. The results allow, in terms of cargo transport parameters (Zg max) - Weight Load), choosing the most suitable vessel capable of carrying out the immersion, emersion, and navigation, and suggests future research activities.